N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) is a potent carcinogen that is frequently detected nitrosamine from water chloramination. This study investigated the occurrence of NDMA and its potential precursor, ranitidine (RNT), in four wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). Additionally, the effects of chloramination methods and oxidative pretreatment on the NDMA formation potential (FP) were assessed. Concentration levels of NDMA in the WWTPs waters ranged from 2.5 (detection limit) to 72.6 ng/L, while RNT values ranged from 1.32 to 186.9 ng/L. Further study indicated that the NDMA-FPs from chloraminated wastewaters varied between 36.2 and 227.8 ng/L. Nonetheless, chloramination methods and oxidative pretreatment significantly impacted the NDMA-FP levels. For example, breakpoint chlorination and stepwise chloramination promoted NDMA-FP when compared to preformed chloramination, which could be attributed to the formation of dichloramine and chlorine species. In contrast, prechlorination was found to effectively mitigate NDMA-FP, based on integrated ultraviolet (UV) irradiation. Notably, UV irradiation with free chlorine (UV/Cl2) or permanganate (UV/MnO4 -) reduced NDMA-FP by up to 70%. This study suggests that UV/MnO4 - and UV/Cl2 may be used as alternative mitigation strategies for reducing nitrosamine-FP in the water treatment process.

In the present study, a novel electrochemical sensor for acetaminophen (AMP) which included quantum graphitic carbon nitride dots, g-C3N4QDs, was designed and conducted with molecular imprinted polymer (MIP). First, bulk g-C3N4 was generated with direct thermal polycondensation of melamine. After the treatment of the acidic solution containing H2SO4: HNO3 (1:1, v:v), the heating treatment at 200 °C on the dispersion provided g-C3N4QDs. In this respect, for nanomaterial characterization, some spectroscopic approaches were performed including Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) as well as electroanalytical methods such as electrochemical impedance (EIS) and cyclic voltammetry (CV). In accordance with the aims of the study, AMP imprinted electrode was formed after high electrocatalytic performance and linear range of 1.0 × 10– 11–2.0 × 10– 8 M and the LODs of 2.0 × 10– 12 was achieved. Eventually, an AMP-printed sensor was also used for AMP identification in pharmaceutical samples.

2-에티닐-N-노나노일피리디늄 클로라이드를 치환기로 갖는 새로운 폴리아세틸렌 유도체를 합성하였다. 반응초기에 2-에티닐피리딘과 노나노일 클로아이드의 4차염화반응으로 생성된 단량체 종인 2-에티닐-N-노나노일피리디늄 클로라이드 는 별도의 촉매 없이도 중합반응이 잘 진행되었으며, 그결과 89%의 수율로 폴리아세틸렌계 이온성 공액구조 고분자를 합 성할 수 있었다. 여러 가지 분석장비를 이용하여 고분자 구조를 분석한 결과 설계한 치환기를 갖는 폴리아세틸렌 유도체 가 합성되었음을 확인할 수 있었다. 본 고분자는 메탄올, DMF, DMAc, DMSO, NMP 와 같은 극성 용매에 완전히 용해하였 으며, 이온성 측쇄 부분을 갖는 특성으로 다루는 과정에서 공기중 수분을 흡수하는 경향이 강했다. 고분자의 광흡수 및 전 기화학적 특성을 측정하고 분석하였다. 본 고분자는 산화-환원 피크 사이에 비가역적 전기화학적 거동을 보였으며 다른 이 온성 공액구조 고분자의 경우와 유사하게 전기화학적 스캔수를 증가한 실험에서 50회까지도 안정된 산화-환원 거동을 보 였다.

The purpose of this study is to design an instructional model based on CLIL (Content Language Integrated Learning) theory for effective language learning. The study findings reveal the following three points. First, context-oriented foreign language education is possible, if we have well-edited authentic materials that match the level of the students, and implement the relevant materials as classroom activities that covered 4C (Content, Cognition, Communication, Culture) through sophisticated placement of content-language integration methods. Second, changes in evaluation methods can affect the studying style of learners. Since the process of output can only be actively utilized if the input is repeated, if we provide an desirable evaluation method so that the repetition process can focus on acquiring meaningful language information, this will help learners make more active use of the target language. Third, foreign language education could expand learners’ thinking skills. Content-language integrated learning is sufficient to help students to understand other cultures and compare/analyze the educational contents based on respect for cultural diversity. Through this all learning activities based on CLIL theory, language learners can also develop their critical thinking skills.

Herein, a series of g-C3N4 modified Bi2MoO6 nanocomposites using Bi2MoO6 and melamine as original materials are fabricated via sintering process. For presynthesis of Bi2MoO6 an ultrasonic-assisted hydrothermal technique is researched. The structure and composition of the nanocomposites are characterized by Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and high-resolution field emission scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The improved photoelectrochemical properties are studied by photocurrent density, EIS, and amperometric i-t curve analysis. It is found that the structure of Bi2MoO6 nanoparticles remains intact, with good dispersion status. The as-prepared g-C3N4/Bi2MoO6 nanocomposites (BMC 5-9) are selected and investigated by SEM analysis, which inhibits special morphology consisting of Bi2MoO6 nanoparticles and some g-C3N4 nanosheets. The introduction of small sized g-C3N4 nanosheets in sample BMC 9 is effective to improve the charge separation and transfer efficiency, resulting in enhancing of the photoelectric behavior of Bi2MoO6. The improved photoelectronic behavior of g-C3N4/Bi2MoO6 may be attributed to enhanced charge separation efficiency, photocurrent stability, and fast electron transport pathways for some energy applications.

The fishery compensation by marine spatial planning such as routeing of ships and offshore wind farms is required objective data on whether fishing vessels are engaged in a target area. There has still been no research that calculated the number of fishing operation days scientifically. This study proposes a novel method for calculating the number of fishing operation days using the fishing trajectory data when investigating fishery compensation in marine spatial planning areas. It was calculated by multiplying the average reporting interval of trajectory data, the number of collected data, the status weighting factor, and the weighting factor for fishery compensation according to the location of each fishing vessel. In particular, the number of fishing operation days for the compensation of driftnet fishery was considered the daily average number of large vessels from the port and the fishery loss hours for avoiding collisions with them. The target area for applying the proposed method is the routeing area of ships of Jeju outer port. The yearly average fishing operation days were calculated from three years of data from 2017 to 2019. As a result of the study, the yearly average fishing operation days for the compensation of each fishing village fraternity varied from 0.0 to 39.0 days. The proposed method can be used for fishery compensation as an objective indicator in various marine spatial planning areas.

본 연구는 식물검역 분야에서 주요하게 사용되고 있는 메틸브로마이드 훈증제로 인해 발생하는 약해를 저감하기 위한 물질을 모델식물인 애기장대를 이용하여 스크리닝하였다. 사전연구를 통하여 메틸브로마이드 훈증제의 식물 독성 메커니즘으로 활성산소발생와 식물 성장 호르몬인 옥신의 식물체 내 분배억제효과가 발생하는 것을 바탕으로 하여, 약해 저감물질후보군으로 활성산소를 제거하는 역할을 하는 ROS scavenger 2종 (NAC, GSH)과 옥신을 훈증제 처리 전 애기장대에 처리한 후 약해의 저감 정도를 육안평가와 더불어 관련 유전자의 발현을 확인하였다. 연구 결과 메틸브로마이드에 의해 유도된 약해는 옥신보다는 활성산소를 저감시키는 물질후보군들에서 약해 저감효과가 나타났다. 이 중 GSH을 이용하여 농도구배하여 전처리하였을 때, 5 mM GSH 전처리 후 메틸브로마이드 훈증 시 약해 저감효과가 두드러졌다. GSH 전처리 시 식물체 내에 MBF1c와 HSP70 유전자 발현이 증가하는 것을 확인하였으며, 이는 메틸브로마이드 훈증으로 유도되는 약해를 방어하는 역할을 담당하였을 것이라고 평가된다. 따라서, 식물검역 훈증제 메틸브로마이드에 의해 발생하는 약해를 저감하는 데 GSH의 사용가능성을 평가하였으며, 이를 기반으로 다양한 식물체에 적용하여 수출입 시 약해로 인한 경제적 손실을 감소시킬 수 있기를 기대한다.