Flexible electrodes, particularly paper electrodes modified with polypyrrole, have shown promise in energy-related applications. We have earlier demonstrated the usage of paper electrodes modified with polypyrrole as a flexible and suitable photoanode for photoelectrochemical water splitting (PEC). Further, modification of this electrode system with an appropriate tandem absorber system for solar fuel production is interesting in developing efficient photoanodes. In this study, we study the PEC performance of flexible polypyrrole-based paper photoanodes (PPy-PAs) by decorating them with rGO@Cu2Zn- SnS4 chalcopyrites (rGO@CZTS/PPy-PAs). The lower bandgap (~ 1.5 eV) of the rGO@CZTS/PPy-PAs system allows for efficient visible light absorption, substantially improving PEC water-splitting reactions. The rGO@CZTS/PPy-PAs exhibited an enhanced current density of ~ 13.2 mA/cm2 at 1.23 V vs RHE, ABPE of ~ 1.5%, and a hydrogen evolution rate of 177 μmoles/min/cm2. Overall, rGO@CZTS/PPy-PAs showed 2.1-fold, 1.1-fold, and 1.4-fold enhancement in photocurrent activity over PPy-PAs, CZTS/PPy-PAs, and rGO/PPy-PAs, respectively. The usability of rGO@CZTS/PPy-PAs is established in the form of stable photocurrent for more than 200 min. These findings open new possibilities for developing modified PPy PAs as flexible PEs for efficient solar-driven PEC devices and give directions on improving flexible PEs for flexible and efficient solar-driven PEC systems.

The arrival of the 5G era has made electromagnetic pollution a problem that needs to be addressed, and flexible carbon-based materials have become a good choice. In this study, wet continuous papermaking technology was used to prepare carbon fiber paper (CFP) with a three-dimensional conductive skeleton network; Molybdenum disulfide ( MOS2)/ iron (Fe) @ carbon fiber paper-based shielding material was prepared by impregnating and blending molybdenum disulfide/iron ( MOS2/Fe) phenolic resin MOS2/ Fe@ CFP. The morphology, structure, electrical conductivity, mechanical properties, hydrophobicity, and electromagnetic shielding properties of the composite were characterized. The results show that the three-dimensional network structure based on a short carbon fiber paper-based conductive skeleton and the synergistic effect of the MOS2 dielectric wave absorbing agent and Fe magnetic wave absorbing agent have good electromagnetic shielding performance. Conduct electromagnetic shielding simulation using HFSS software to provide options for the structural design of CFP. The electromagnetic shielding performance of CFP reaches 70 dB, and the tensile strength reaches 34.39 MPa. Based on the mechanical properties, the compactness of carbon fiber paper is ensured. The lightning damage model test using CST software expands the direction for the use of carbon fiber paper. In summary, MOS2/ Fe @CFP with excellent shielding performance has great application prospects in thinner and lighter shielding materials, as well as high sensitivity, defense and military equipment.

Owing to their scalability, flexible operation, and long cycle life, vanadium redox flow batteries (VRFBs) have gained immense attention over the past few years. However, the VRFBs suffer from significant polarization, which decreases their cell efficiency. The activation polarization occurring during vanadium redox reactions greatly affects the overall performance of VRFBs. Therefore, it is imperative to develop electrodes with numerous catalytic sites and a long cycle life. In this study, we synthesized heteroatom-rich carbon-based freestanding papers (H-CFPs) by a facile dispersion and filtration process. The H-CFPs exhibited high specific surface area (~820 m2 g–1) along with a number of redox-active heteroatoms (such as oxygen and nitrogen) and showed high catalytic activity for vanadium redox reactions. The H-CFP electrodes showed excellent electrochemical performance. They showed low anodic and cathodic peak potential separation (ΔEp) values of ~120 mV (positive electrolyte) and ~124 mV (negative electrolyte) in cyclic voltammetry conducted at a scan rate of 5 mV s–1. Hence, the H-CFP-based VRFBs showed significantly reduced polarization.

인쇄에서 종이의 인쇄적성은 인쇄품질을 결정하는 중요한 요소이며, 이를 보완하기 위해 많은 연 구들이 진행되어 왔다. 특히, 잉크젯에 의한 종이의 인쇄적성은 앞으로 전자융합산업의 발달을 고려해본 다면 더욱 주요한 연구가 될것이다. 따라서, 본 연구는 잉크젯 시스템에서 사용하는 CMYK 프로세스 잉 크의 인쇄적성을 파악하고 종이의 특성에 따라 색재현 정도를 ICC 프로파일값을 활용하여 분석하고자 하 였다. 잉크젯의 토출 특성을 이해하기 노즐에서의 잉크 유동을 시뮬레이션 하였고 종이의 재질이 다른 두 종(갱지 및 인화지)의 피인쇄체 위에 각기 다른 망점으로 인쇄하여 색재현 평가를 실시하였다. 각 종이의 관련 특징들 즉, 거칠음도, 투기도, 광택도 및 압축도,과 이에따른 색재현 특성을 ICC 프로파일모니터링에 쓰이는 ΔE값으로 표현하였다. 그 결과 상대적으로 종이의 낮은 거칠음도와 투기도 그리고 높은 압축력을 가지는 인화지에서 더 높은 색재현이 이루어짐을 알 수 있었다.

Paper-folding is an educational activity to enhance a creativity of children because a paper-folding game is to create various 2D or 3D shapes by folding a plane square paper with both hands. However, since previous paper-folding games provide folding designs as books, children may need a guidance of a teacher or may degrade interest. In addition, existing computer-based games have simple interfaces with one or two fingers and thus they are difficult to have direct influence on children's physical development and creativity enhancement. In this paper, we propose a computer-based paper-folding game which children fold a real paper with two hands and a computer with a camera gives various feedback. The proposed game is developed based on the CAI concept and contains elements of the Keller's ARCS theory.

게임 이용자에 대한 경향 분석은 게임 산업 예측, 게임 마케팅, 그리고 게임관련 정책 결정과정에서 중요한 의미를 가진다. 따라서 선행연구에서는 게임 이용자의 경향 및 특성에 대하여 많은 조사가 이루어졌다. 하지만 주요 선행연구들은 주로 설문조사 형식으로 이루어져 그 시점에서의 정보만 제공한다는 한계를 가진다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 게임백서의 자료를 바탕으로 게임 이용자 경향에 대한 추세 분석을 하여 이에 대한 시사점을 찾고자 하였다. 게임이용자의 추세 경향을 검토한 주요 시사점은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 게임 이용자는 증가하고 있지만 게임에 대한 부정적 인식도 증가하고 있다. 둘째, 청소년 사이에서 게임은 주로 TV의 대체재로서의 성격을 지니고 있었으며, 게임 이용 시간은 당시 유행하는 게임의 존재 여부, 유행 게임의 유형에 따라 영향을 받는다. 셋째, 아이템거래의 대부분은 소수의 게이머에 의해서 집중적으로 이루어지고 있는 것으로 보인다.

In this study, development of new sound absorbent which is safety, economical and efficient with using recycled materials is tried for substitution of commercial sound absorbent. The sound absorbents, used in this investigation, were made of used paper or filters of cigarette butts. With the variation of the material densities,, sound absorptions of materials were measured. The impedance tube method is used for measuring sound absorption coefficient of the new sound absorbent materials. The measured frequency range was 250㎐ to 4000㎐ in 1/3 octave band . The sound absorption coefficient of the commercial materials and that of the materials synthesized in the our laboratory show almost same value.