This study aimed to develop processed foods that can be tailored to the tastes of consumers in countries to enter domestic and foreign markets utilizing fresh Korean pears, in which the consumption is decreasing. A survey was also conducted on three types of samples (pear jelly, pear rice cake, and pear muffin). As a result, both Korean and Chinese women aged in their 20s preferred pear muffins the most among the pear products evaluated. Pear jelly and rice cake were preferred by Chinese consumers because of their sweet taste (p<0.05). Pear rice cakes were preferred because of their texture (p<0.05). Pear muffins were not significant in all items except for odor/flavor and sweetness, but Korean consumers had a high preference for them and showed a significant preference for colors (p<0.05). Pear muffins were most familiar to both Korean and Chinese consumers showing a high willingness to purchase. An analysis of the preference inducement factors of consumers in each country of the three processed foods containing pears using Check-All-That-Reply (CATA) showed that the consumers of both countries preferred the ‘pear odor/flavor’ characteristics of pear jelly, and that pear rice cakes were preferred by Chinese consumers compared to Korean consumers. Pear muffins were preferred by Korean consumers. Overall, pear muffins are the product expected to be most suitable for female consumers in Korea and China aged in their 20s.

In terms of awareness of Korean traditional food, elementary students are most affected by their parents. The objective of this study was to analyze upper grade elementary students’ parental awareness and preference of Korean traditional foods in the Chungnam Area. In a survey of 126 parents, 58% of subjects were interested in Korean traditional foods, but there was no significant difference according to age. About 87% of parents thought that inheritance of knowledge on Korean traditional foods was needed. The reasons for inheritance of knowledge on Korean traditional foods were ‘To stick to style of Korean traditional foods’ (68.2%), ‘Palatable’ (21.8%), ‘Education for children’ (6.4%), and ‘Beautiful and fine custom’ (3.6%). The awareness point of ‘Korean traditional foods are easy for cooking’ increased with increasing age (p<0.01). In all age groups, subjects highly recognized that Korean traditional foods are good for health. There were significant correlations between overall preferences for Tteok and Hankwa (r=0.351, p=0.001), Hankwa and Korean traditional drink (r=0.374, p=0.001), and Korean traditional drink and Tteok (r=0.406, p=0.001). As a result, preferences for other items also increased when preference for one of the three traditional foods increased. Therefore, education on Korean traditional foods is necessary in order to satisfy parental preferences.

This study was conducted to compare the preference and satisfaction for Korean traditional foods (Jeonju Bibimbap, Daetongbap, Jeonbokjuk, Jorangiddockguk, Hobakbumbuk, Darkgalbee, Eonyang Bulgogi, Moyackgwa, Insam Jeonggwa, Maejackgwa) in foreigners and Koreans. In this study, 27 foreign and 31 Korean university students were surveyed. Statistical analysis and Mann-Whitney U test were performed using the SPSS statistical package (17.0). The major findings were as follows: 1) Foreigners had higher experience of eating Darkgalbee (84.6%), Jeonju Bibimbap (80.8%), Daetongbap (53.8%), and Jeonbokjuk (53.8%) among Korean traditional foods, whereas their eating experience of Insam Jeonggwa (3.8%), Maejackgwa (11.5%), Moyackgwa (15.4%) and Jorangiddockguk (23.1%) was lower. 2) Foreigners and Koreans both liked sweet taste, but disliked sour taste, bitter taste, garlic flavor, sesame flavor, and soy sauce flavor among the sensory characteristics of Korean traditional foods. 3) Foreigners scored their overall satisfaction of Korean traditional foods in the order of Jeonju Bibimbap (7.70±0.95), Eonyang Bulgogi (7.62±2.10), Daetongbap (7.59±1.60), Darkgalbee (7.20±1.56), and Jeonbokjuk (6.67±1.64), whereas Koreans rated higher scores for Eonyang Bulgogi (8.28±1.19), Darkgalbee (8.20±1.00), Jeonju Bibimbap (7.73±1.08), Jeonbokjuk (7.69±1.44), and Moyackgwa (7.43±1.52).

본 연구는 한식 소비자들의 외식행동과 한식에 대한 선호도를 연령별로 살펴봄으로써 연령에 따른 소비행동의 차이와 한식에의 선호도를 분석하였다. 연구결과에 대한 요약은 다음과 같다. 1) 연령대별 외식행동의 동기는 아침식사의 경우 전 연령층에서 시간이 없다, 식사준비가 번거롭다, 식사 때이어서 순으로 이었으며, 점심의 외식행동의 동기는 식사 때이어서라는 경우가 가장 높았으며, 40대와 50대에서는 사교적인 목적도 외식의 중요한 동기로 작용하고 있었다. 저녁의 외식행동의 동기는 연령별차이를 가장 많이 나타내었는데 30세 이하와 30대에서는 모임이나 데이트를 위한 사교적인 목적의 응답이 가장 높은 반면, 40대 이상에서는 가족과의 외식을 가장 중요한 동기라고 응답한 비율이 50%이상을 차지하여서 연령이 높을수록 가족을 중심으로 한 외식소비행태를 나타내었다. 이와 같은 가족간의 외식행동은 주 5일제 근무의 확산과 여가시간의 확대로 인한 가족중심의 공동 소비행태의 행동양식이 반영되어진 결과라고 보여 진다. 2) 각 연령대별 끼니의 유형에 따른 외식의 빈도는 전 연령층에서 주 1-2회가 가장 많이 나타났으나, 30대의 외식 빈도가 가장 높아 사회활동과 사교생활이 활발한 연령대의 특징을 잘 반영하였고, 50세 이상에서 가장 낮게 나타나 연령이 높을수록 외식 빈도는 줄어드는 경향을 나타내었다. 그러나 점심과 저녁 외식은 증가하고 있고 반면 아침외식의 빈도는 증가하는 경향을 나타내었고, 특히 30세 이하의 연령층에서는 50%이상이 주1회 이상 아침외식을 하고 있는 것으로 조사되었다. 3) 외식비 지출은 30대 이하와 30대 연령층에서는 아침과 점심식사보다 저녁식사에 더 높은 비용을 지출하는 경향을 보여주고 있는 한편, 아침과 점심 식사는 타 연령층에 비하여 지출비용의 분포가 낮은 것으로 조사되었으며 40대 이상의 연령층은 점심비용으로 더 많은 지출을 하고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 4) 끼니별 한식에 대한 선호도는 아침식사의 경우가 가장 높았으며, 이는 40대와 50대에서 높게 나타났다. 점심 식사로 가장 선호되는 음식은 중식, 일식이었으며 저녁 식사에서 가장 선호되는 메뉴는 전 연령층에서 일식, 분식류 이었으며, 한식에 대한 선택 정도는 전 연령층에서 매우 낮게 나타났다. 5) 각 연령층에서 선호하는 한식에 대한 조사에서는 된장찌개가 전 연령층에서 가장 높은 선호도를 나타내었고, 김치는 40대 이상의 선호도가 30대보다 높게 나타났으며, 흥미롭게도 30세 이하의 선호도는 30대보다 높게 나타났다. 그 외에도 떡과 죽에 대한 선호도는 전 연령층에서 낮게 조사되었다. 장아찌류의 선호도는 전 연령대에서 낮았으며 특히 30세 이하에서 매우 낮게 조사되었다. 한식의 맛에 대한 만족도 조사에서는 연령이 올라갈수록 한식의 맛에 대한 만족도는 낮아지고 있었으나, 한식의 맛에 대한 만족도가 높을수록 양과 가격에 대한 만족도는 높은 경향을 나타내었다. 전반적으로 한식에 대한 선호도는 식사 때와 식사 목적에 따라 연령대 별로 다르게 나타나고 있으나, 선호도는 성별이나 세대에 관계없이 폭 넓은 선호도를 반영하고 있으며, 이는 대학생들을 대상으로 하는 연구 등에서도 나타난바 같다. 주 5일 근무제의 확산과 초 중 고생들의 토요일 휴무와 더불어 여행과 엔터테인먼트산업은 더욱 더 발전을 거듭하고 있으며, 외식은 여행과 여가 활동의 필수적인 요소로써 그 역할을 일조하고 있다. 이와 같은 여가시간의 증가는 독신자들에게는 좀더 많은 여유시간을 가족을 이루고 있는 가족구성원들에게는 가족과의 유대를 강화하는 휴식과 오락의 소비 트렌드를 창출시켰다. 이와 더불어 외식은 식사를 해결하기 위한 단순한 수단에서 벗어나 동기와 동반자에 따라 달라지는 행동 패턴을 나타내고 있으며, 연령과 목적에 따라 세분화되는 분명한 선호도를 나타낸다. 지난 10여 년간 외국으로부터 수입된 다양한 음식과 레스토랑 업태 등은 우리나라의 외식문화 발전과 소비자들의 외식 선택 행동 등에 많은 영향을 끼쳤으며, 서구식의 패스트푸드점이나 패밀리 레스토랑 등이 외식의 주요 업태로서 비쳐지고 있는 것이 사실이다. 그러나 한식은 여전히 세대의 구별 없이 가장 선호되고 있는 음식이며, 소비자들의 높아진 외식문화 인식도와 더불어 형식적인 발전과 내용적인 발전을 꾀하고 있다. 그러므로 연령과 라이프 스타일에 따라 다르게 적용되는 다양한 소비자들의 외식 소비 행동을 분석하여 이해하고, 그들의 선호도에 알맞은 메뉴구성과 마케팅 전략을 구사함은 복합문화 공간으로의 변화를 꾀하고 있는 미래 한국 외식산업의 중요한 전제 조건이 될 것으로 기대 한다.

The study investigated the recognition and preference of foreigner to Korean foods in different nationality. Questionnaires consisted of two languages- Chinese and English were given to 180 residing foreigners in Insa-dong and COEX mall areas and interview methods were used. A total of 157 questionnaires were analyzed for statistical analysis. The statistical analysis was completed using SPSS Win(ver 11.0) for descriptive analysis, χ2-test, ANOVA and Tukey's test. Main results of this study were as follows: First, the factors foreigners considered when they chose food of other countries were; 1.new taste, 2.curiosity, 3.foreign culture, 4.foreign tradition. People from European and Asian countries were inclined to 'New taste' first, while people from American and Oceanian countries were inclined to "curiosity". Second, most of respondents have tried Bulgogi and Galbi before and many of them also have tried Kimchi, Kimbop, and Bibimbop as common Korean foods. Third, the preference was different according to their origins. Asian people liked diverse cuisines including Bulgogi, Galbi, Kimchi, Dubu Doenjan chige, and Samgaetang, while European and Oceanian people liked Bulgogi, Galbi, and Bibimbop. The preference for Kimchi was considerably high among Asian people, however, low among American and Oceanian people(p〈0.05). Fourth, Deviation was little on the taste, color, and table settings of Korean foods; most of the respondents was satisfied on those factors. European and Oceanian people who were familiar with table setting according to time were satisfied at table setting of Korean foods, which focused on space, rather than time. Fifth, most of the respondents, especially Asian people, remarked that Korean foods were spicy. The opinion on the taste of Korean foods was variable according to their nations. Currently many of culinary companies from Korea were leading their active business in foreign countries such as China and United States. Their domain was not limited to traditional Korean foods, but expanding to various fields such as fast foods, bakery goods, and fusion snacks.

This study was undertaken to investigate college students' perception and preference of Korean traditional foods during November in 1994. 493 students in Taejon area were asked to fill out the questionaires. The collected data were analyzed by SAS package. The average height and weight were 173.04 cm, 64.46 kg for male and 161.73 cm, 49.33 kg for female. Students living their own home were 48.8% and self-lodging students were 30.2%. Male have a meal for hunger and female for pleasure (p<0.002). They choose their foods based on the taste (84.6%) and nutrition (8.2%). 85.5% of students prefer Korean traditional foods. Most students think that the Korean traditional foods should be succeeded and developed. However, they want the taste of Korean traditional foods to be changed for their preference. Kimch'i is the most favorate fermented foods. The fermented fish products and jang-atchi are the most unfavorate ones. They don't like too salty taste and strong smell of the Korean fermented foods.

This study was designed to evaluate the sensory characteristics and consumer preference of dog meat foods as compared with beef ones. The sensory evaluation was conducted by a 10-member trained panel and 109 persons ranging in age from 23 to 59 participated in the consumer research. The results were summarized as follows: 1. The sensory characteristics. 1) In case of the meats boiled in water, it did not show any significant differences between dog and cow's meat in color as well as off-flavor. On the contrary, the other characteristics such as odor, tenderness, juiciness and oiliness of dog meat were evaluated stronger than those of beef. 2) when the meats were cooked as Tang (a kind of soup), the dog meat did not show any significant differences from beef not only in color and off-flavor but also in odor. 2. The consumer preference. 1) It appeared that consumers somewhat preferred beef Tang to dog meat Tang. However, they rated dog meat Tang as the 'neither liked nor disliked' food on an average. 2) Male consumers showed higher preference than female did for the dog meat tang. On the overall, dog meat foods are regarded to have some desirable sensory characteristics and can be acceptable to most people.