Syntax-semantics mismatch refers to a phenomenon whereby a part of a sentence appears to be attributive in form, but is in fact semantically matched with other syntactic components. Throughout previous research on the phenomenon of syntax-semantics mismatch, there has been a certain consensus in the academic community on some issues. It is believed that the syntax-semantics mismatch structure can be mainly divided into two types: pseudo possession and pseudo nominal quantity. The syntax-semantics mismatch structure is not a prototype structure, but a transformation from a certain prototype structure. The NP2 in the syntax-semantics mismatch structure is an undirected component. In addition, there are still some issues in the academic community that have not reached consensus. Different scholars have different opinions on the issue of whether there is a possessive relationship within the syntax-semantics mismatch structure (pseudo possessive). Some scholars believe that there is no possessive relationship between NP1 and NP2 within the form meaning mismatch structure, while others hold the opposite view. In terms of the mechanism of the formation of the syntax-semantics mismatch structures, different scholars have different research perspectives, and scholars with the same research perspective also have specific differences in their viewpoints. The article reviews previous research from three aspects: the qualitative nature of the syntax-semantics mismatch structure, the semantic characteristics of the syntax-semantics mismatch structure, and the generation mechanism of the syntax-semantics mismatch structure. It also briefly summarizes the existing problems in current research.

동아시아 지역의 역내 안보 질서의 핵심이 될 수 있는 지역은 무엇보 다 한·미·일과 북·중·러가 오랫동안 이해관계에 마찰을 빚어온 한반도 지 역이라 할 수 있다. 물론 남중국해와 양안문제 등 여러 곳에서 안보의 불안 요소가 존재하지만, 핵을 포함한 대량살상무기를 통해 안보질서를 위협하는 북한은 가장 불안정한 변수이기 때문에, 미국을 비롯한 동아시 아의 강대국들이 항상 주시하는 것이 바로 한반도 지역의 안정과 평화라 고 할 수 있다. 이에 남북정상회담이나 북미정상회담 등 북한과의 평화 관련 회담은 전 세계가 주목을 하고 있으며, 그것에 대한 연구도 활발히 진행되고 있다. 하지만 우리가 간과해서 안 될 것은 남한이 인식하고 있 는 ‘평화’와 북한이 말하는 ‘평화’가 같은 것인가 하는 문제이다. 본 논문 의 연구 질문은 여기서부터 시작한다. 따라서 남한과 북한이 ‘평화’에 대 해 어떤 개념적 인식을 지니고 있는지 분석하기 위해서 본 논문에서는 개 념사적 분석방법을 연구분석틀로 구성하여 남북한이 ‘평화’에 대해 어떻게 개념화하고 있는지를 분석하였다. 개념사적 분석방법 중 하나인 라이하르 트의 사회사적 의미론을 중심으로 분석하였을 때, 북한이 인식하는 평화는 남한이 생각하는 화해와 번영을 위한 한반도 지역의 비핵화와 같은 평화 가 아닌 자주를 강조하는 체제의 존속과 한반도 지역 내 주한미군 철수 등과 같은 다른 식의 평화 개념을 지니고 있다는 것을 알 수 있었다.

In modern Chinese, nouns act as adverbials, which are very special grammatical phenomena. Nouns as adverbials refer to the question of whether or not the adverbials mark "de(地)". By means of syntactic and semantic analysis, common nouns of table time, place and position are used as adverbials without markedness. By the constraints of context, weaker means the meaning of reference expression tools and compares. The common names of people, animals and objects, This is the ancient Chinese syntax structure of the results of the grammaticalization. In modern Chinese, abstract nouns act as adverbials, which are related to the "subjectivity" of linguistic typology. These abstract nouns carry the semantical case of mark "de(地)" to express subjective meaning. In particular, it was manner adverbial that the common nouns are expressed in the form of juxtaposition, and the quantity structure is expressed by the reduplication structures. Nominal component modified action behavior whether there is mark divisded into two kind of meanings in the semantic for the objective and subjective sense. Objective meaning refers to the speaker has nothing to do and Subjective meaning refers to the speaker's subjective beliefs and attitudes associated with the significance. The reduplication structure and the noun juxtaposition structure express the subjective meaning, while the preposition structure does not have the subjective and objective points. It only expresses the semantic meaning of the prepositive markings which have been completely grammaticalization.

宋元話本小說 ‘篇尾’에는 다양한 ‘修辭格’이 운용되고 있는데, 이러한 修辭格의 표현을 통해 수사 예술의 뛰어난 성과를 살펴볼 수 있다. ‘篇尾’에 운용된 ‘修辭格’은 어문의 기세와 독자 의 인상을 강조하거나, 혹은 작품 내용을 응집하고 정련하면서 간단하고 정제된 방식을 유지 하기 위해서거나, 또는 어문 형식을 응용하여 서술적 흐름에 변화와 조화를 구현하는 등의 예술적 의미를 지닌다. 이러한 수사 예술의 의미를 고찰하는 것은 먼저 서술자에 대한 감정 과 견해, 주장과 생각을 폭넓게 이해할 수 있는 시각을 제시하며, 이어서 작품 내용에 대한 직접적이고 적극적인 이해를 도와주는데 중요한 역할을 담당하고 있다. 또한 당시 話本小說 에 나타난 다양한 수사 기교를 통해 小說修辭學의 미학적 관점과 표현 예술의 구현 과정을 자세히 살펴볼 수 있다. 宋元話本小說 ‘篇尾’에 나타난 수사 기교와 예술적 성취는 상당히 체 계적이고 숙성된 것이라고 할 수 있다. 이것은 청자(독자)를 주요한 대상으로 그들에게 가장 효과적이고 직접적인 방식으로 예술적 감흥을 전달하는 법을 강구하는 것이며, 동시에 작가 자신의 미적 감각을 ‘修辭格’의 운용을 통해 적극적으로 발현하는 것으로 볼 수 있다. 작가는 작품에 대한 내용과 형식, 주제와 의미에 대한 예술적 안배와 조정을 ‘篇尾’를 통해 적절하게 표현하고 있으며, 또한 청자(독자)에게 효과적이고 적확하게 작품의 내용과 주제를 종결하거 나 정리하여 전달하고 있다.

2012년 기준 국내 사망률 중 흡연 관련 질환이 과반수를 차지하는 등 국민의 건강과 신체적 피해가 해가 갈수록 심각해지고 있다. 보건복지부는 금연 효과를 극대화하기 위해 강도 높은 금연 캠페인, 비흡연 구역 확대, 공포나 위협소구를 이용한 금연공익광고 등 다양한 금연 정책을 펼치고 있다. 영상미디어를 통한 금연 주제 TV공익광고는 감성적 소구에서 위협적 소구 등 다양한 표현 기법을 활용하여 수용자의 태도 변화를 요구하고 있다. 공익성을 특징으로 하는 금연 주제 TV공익광 고는 일반 상품광고와는 달리 공공의 이익이나 사회문화적 문제를 해결하려는 의도를 포함하게 된다. 따라서 본 논문은 금연 주제 TV공익광고는 담화나 표층에서 표출되는 메시지와 심층에 존재하는 의미가 어떻게 구조화되는지 추출하여 궁극 적인 금연 주제 TV공익광고의 의미작용을 탐색하고자 하였다.

The present study investigates the semantics involved in the L2 English article use by Korean EFL learners. The examined usage data were extracted from the researcher compiled learner corpus, the Kyungpook National University Student English Learner Corpus-Writing (KSELC-W). The importance of current research is in the fact that the investigated data was not collected through formal elicitation tasks or grammar focused activities. Therefore, the learner corpus data represent Korean EFL learners' unconscious knowledge of the English article system and their performance on timed writing sessions which did not focus on grammar. The findings reveal that Korean EFL learners do not make random misuse or overuse errors in production of English articles the and a(n) and that the patterns are in accordance with the Fluctuation Hypothesis. Additionally, results show that the semantic feature specificity effects the Korean EFL learners in the current study and provide supporting data for direct UG access underlying article choice. These results support previously reported findings by Ionin et. al. (2004, 2009) and Ko et al. (2009).

The suffix -cil in Korean seems to take heterogeneous nouns as its bases. For example, sensayng 'teacher' in sensayngcil 'teaching' is an agent, kyeycip 'woman' in kyeycipcil 'womanizing' is a patient and kwayngi 'hoe' in kwayngicil 'hoeing' is an instrument. Therefore, the suffix -cil has been regarded as having various meanings. However, from the viewpoint of cognitive semantics, the various bases of the suffix -cil can be interpreted as consistently referring to an event through metonymy. In sensayngcil 'teaching,' the base sensayng 'teacher' refers to an event through AGENT FOR EVENT metonymy. An agent has a conceptual contiguity with the whole event because it is one element of the event. Similarly, the patient, keyecip 'woman' in keyecipcil 'womanizing,' and the instrument kwayngi 'hoe' in kwayngicil 'hoeing,' as participants of an event, refer to the whole event by the PATIENT FOR EVENT metonymy and the INSTRUMENT FOR EVENT metonymy, respectively. Close examination of -cil suffixation reveals that all the elements in an event can be a base of -cil suffixation because each of them metonymically refers to the whole event. Therefore, it can be concluded that, from the viewpoint of cognitive semantics, seemingly different meanings of the suffix -cil can be unified to one when the different bases consistently interpreted as an event through metonymy.

In this study, I argue that appositives in the traditional sense and afterthoughts should be treated as a single construction. Afterthoughts share the attested properties of appositives, differing only in linear position. Therefore, I refer to appositives that appear adjacent to the anchor as anchor-adjacent appositives and those that appear non-adjacent to the anchor as afterthought appositives. Within the framework of Constructionbased HPSG, I show that the parenthetical properties of anchor-adjacent and afterthought appositives can be accounted for without having to assume a noncanonical structure. Syntactically, appositives are integrated into the host clause as NP-adjuncts. Specifically, I propose a new subtype of the headmodifier- cx(construction): head-parenthetical-modifier -cx. In terms of semantics, I propose a new semantic dimension to deal with parenthetical elements, inspired by Potts’ (2005) work.

This paper argues that neither the classical semantic treatment of the propositional attitudes (Hinttikka 1969) nor the previous semantic analyses of the hearsay or reprotative evidentials fit into the semantics of the English hearsay evidentials. This is mainly because not only is the notion of the compatibility that is employed in the semantics of propositional attitudes inappropriate for that of hearsay evidentiality, but they can be interpreted to convey an assertion, in which the speaker commits to the truth of the embedded proposition, and a proffering, in which the speaker does not. In order to account for the different interpretations, this paper develops an analysis of the English hearsay evidential, which is along the lines of that proposed by Krazter (1991), by positing different ordering sources for each of the interpretations. The introduction of the different ordering sources into the semantics of the hearsay evidentials plays the role of indicating whether or not the speaker commits to the truth of the proposition expressed by the embedded clause.

This study explores Korean learners' knowledge of adverb positions in L2 English. A questionnaire of 28 items, constructed based on Ernst's (2002) scope-based theory of adverb positions, was administered to 56 Korean university students and 17 native English speakers. The data analysis revealed the following: 1) The Korean students' knowledge of adverb placement diverged from that of the native speakers in several aspects, possibly due to L1 influence or limited L2 proficiency. 2) Scope reversal errors incurred by incorrect adverb placement were relatively frequent in the learners' responses, with the low and mid proficiency groups exhibiting higher error rates. 3) The scope of manner adverbs was observed to be acquired before that of clausal adverbs, and speech act adverbs before evaluative and subject-oriented adverbs. 4) L1 influence was manifested in the avoidance of the s-final position for manner adverbs and in the interruption of the verb and object by an adverb. The status of the Interface Hypothesis in L2 acquisition (Sorace & Filiaci, 2006) was discussed in light of the results.

Ess-under-ess sentences, where the so-called past tense marker -ess in the complement clause of propositional attitude verbs occurs under -ess in the matrix clause, can be interpreted differently in some contexts. To take account of the semantic difference between the ess-under-ess sentences, I argue in this paper that the semantic contrast is due to types of predicates associated with -ess. After pointing out some problems with the previous treatments of -ess, I claim that -ess shows duality in the sense that it is parallel to the past tense in some contexts and to the present perfect in other contexts. As a way of disambiguating --ess, this paper comes up with certain types of predicates. That is, the exact meaning of -ess in a given context is dependent upon the types of predicates it is combined with. The predicate types, together with the duality of -ess, bring out semantically different interpretations of ess-under-ess sentences.