낫또(natto)는 일본의 전통 콩 발효식품으로 혈전용해, 면역증강, 항고혈압, 항비만, 항균, 항산화, 항당뇨등의 다양한 효과를 가지고 있어 소비가 점차 증가하고 있다. 그러나, 낫또용으로 이용되는 콩 품종의 성숙 종실에는 소화 불량, 알러지 유발 및 가공 적성을 저하시키는 P34, lectin, Kunitz Trypsin Inhibitor (KTI), 7S α′subunit 및 lipoxygenase 단백질과 같은 항영양성분도 포함되어져 있다. 따라서, 본 연구는 이러한 성분에 대하여 penta null 유전자형(p34leticgy1lox1lox2lox3)을 가지면서 종자 크기가 중소립이고 노란색 종피와 제색이 노란 또는 옅은 갈색을 가진 낫또용 콩 계통을 육성하기 위하여 진행되었다. 64 및 22C1 모본과의 교배를 통하여 제색이 노란 및 옅은 갈색이면서 종자 크기가 소립인 81개의 F2 종자가 선발되었고 그 중에서, P34 단백질 함량이 매우 낮은 18개의 F2 종자가 선발되었다. 18개의 F2 종자로부터 초형, 성숙기, 종피색, 제색 및 백립중이 양호한 2개의 F2 개체(BL1 및 BL2)가 최종 선발되었다. BL1 선발 개체의 성숙기는 중간이었고 종피색은 노란색이며 제색은 연한 갈색을 보였고 백립중은 12.4g으로 소립이었다. BL2 선발 개체는 성숙기가 조생이었고 종피색과 제색은 모두 노란색은 보였으며 백립중은 12.6g으로 소립이었다. 선발된 두 개체는 모두 대표적인 항영양성분인 P34, lectin, KTI, 7S α′subunit 및 lipoxygenase 단백질에 대하여 모두 열성인 penta null 유전자형(p34leticgy1lox1lox2lox3)을 가진 것으로 확인되었다. 선발 개체는 낫또용 콩 품종으로 육성될 수 있을 것으로 사료되었다.

This study initiated research aligned with the body positivity movement, aiming to explore size diversity for groups facing relative size discrimination due to their deviation from average body types. Using KS adult women's apparel dimensions as a reference, jackets were developed for women in their 20s to 30s who belong to the small petite-size (S[P]) category, which is characterized by a height under 155cm (petite) and a bust-circumference from 72cm to less than 82cm (small). Using 3D virtual-fitting, we conducted experiment-pattern production and refinement and subsequent real-fitting evaluations by participants to objectively validate aesthetics and comfort. The study’s findings are as follows: First, utilizing a 3D virtual-fitting program by identifying ‘creases’ and ‘garment pressure points’ in the jacket appearance, experiment patterns were refined and real jackets were produced. This approach addressed challenges in recruiting participants with specific body types and allowed for efficient research in terms of cost and time. Second, through real-fitting evaluations, basic-fit and slim-fit jackets labeled as <79-88-150> were developed for the S(P) size. we presented ‘size spec’ and ‘ease allowance’ for jackets by waist fit. Both fits received positive evaluations with approximately 53.5cm sleeve length, and 11.7cm shoulder length. The ease allowances for the basic-fit jacket were approximately 9.2cm at the bust circumference, 12.8cm at the waist circumference, and 6cm at the hip circumference. Similarly, the slim-fit jacket exhibited ease allowances of about 4.8cm at the bust circumference, 4cm at the waist circumference, and 4cm at the hip circumference, receiving positive evaluations for aesthetics and comfort.

Expanding exports of small and medium-sized companies is crucial for the continuous growth of the Korean economy. Therefore, the government operates various support systems to enhance the export capabilities of these companies. This study aims to analyze the impact of the Korean government's flagship export support system, known as the export initiation support system, on the performance of participating domestic companies. A fixed effect model using panel data was applied to examine the characteristics of 11,099 companies that participated in the export initiation support system from 2016 to 2019. The analysis revealed that the number of exporting countries, employees, and previous export volume had a significant impact on the export amount of participating companies. However, contrary to expectations, the number of overseas marketing participation and the GCL (global competence level) test did not show a significant impact. This study is significant as it provides implications for the development of support projects tailored to the specific needs of small and medium-sized companies, with the goal of improving the export support system.

선박 충돌사고는 지속적으로 발생하고 있다. 충돌사고의 대부분은 연안에서 운항하는 중소형 크기 선박들과 관련된다. 충돌사 고는 해양사고의 9%이지만, 충돌로 인한 인명피해는 전체의 34.4%를 차지한다. 근래 충돌사고에 대한 해양안전심판원 심판과정에서 해양 사고 관련자들이 사고 당시 청명한 날씨였음에도 상대 선박의 항해등이 미약하거나 제대로 보이지 않았다는 주장을 자주 한다. 특히 연 안이나 항만 내에서 발생한 충돌의 경우 더욱 그러하다. 이에 따라 항해등에 대한 현황과 안전성 분석이 필요하다. 이를 위하여 항해등 관련 국내외 규칙과 전문도서 내용을 살펴보고, 다른 교통수단 즉, 항공기와 열차 및 자동차 등화를 분석하며 항해등과 차이점을 비교한 다. 또한, 현재 해상교통환경을 살펴보고 최근 5년간 발생한 충돌사고를 분석하며, 선박 운항자와 선박 안전업무 종사자를 대상으로 항해 등에 관한 설문조사를 실시한다. 최종적으로 현재 항해등에 관한 개선방안을 제시한다.

The rate of industrial accident reduction is slowing down as the attention of the Ministry of Employment and Labor and related agencies on risk assessment systems decreased. this paper focuses on weakness of legal system for the risk assessment in recent years. A survey was conducted to identify the status and condition of the risk assessment system applying on small and medium-sized manufacturing companies. A set of questionnaires is designed to reflect various perspectives of the companies regarding the problems and solutions of the system. The results refer that differentiated instructions and support systems in response to the actual conditions of the companies are mandatory to reinforce the efficiency of risk assessment system.

Through constructing statistical fracture network model based on discrete element method, the evolution characteristics of the fracture aperture had been directly simulated and evaluated caused by redistributed stress after the borehole excavation. This study focuses on the size effect of the discrete element method for the analysis of the effective distance of fracture aperture change after the borehole excavation. A two-dimensional trace-type domain with a maximum size of 1.1 m2 was created using a discrete fracture network with stochastic information of KURT. A total of eight domains with different sizes were constructed from the largest domain area to the 0.4 m2 analysis area. The aperture change ratio which can be depending on the domain size was examined. The ratio was investigated by comparing the aperture size before and after the simulation of borehole excavation. In addition, the effective range of aperture changes was analyzed by comparing the re-distribution distance from the center of the borehole. Based on dimensional analysis, input variables (borehole radius, occurrence distance of aperture changes, domain size) were modeled using exponential distribution form. Through the analysis model, two dimensionless variables were derived to investigate the expected distance of the aperture changes and appropriate DFN domain size for simulating bole excavation. As an application example of the 3-inch borehole simulation, the analysis model predicted that the range of aperture changes could occur within a radius of about 0.98 m from the borehole center, and the suitable size of the model had been inferred as about 5 × 5 m for minimizing the domain size effect.

중앙해양안전심판원(2019)에서 발표한 최근 5년의 해양사고통계자료에 따르면 충돌사고의 대부분은 20톤 미만의 어선에서 발 생하고 있으며 전방 부주의, 경계 소홀 등의 운항과실로 인한 사고가 주요 원인으로 나타나고 있다. 이러한 사고 방지를 위해 운항자를 대상으로 훈련 및 교육을 강화하고 있지만 충돌사고는 빈번히 발생되고 있으며 충돌 사고를 줄이기 위한 기술적인 방안 또한 지속적으로 개발중에 있다. 본 연구에서는 고속 활주형 소형 선박에 WAVE 통신 기술을 적용하여 선박 간 거리, 속도, 방위에 기반한 조우 상황을 고 려하여 충돌 회피 동작이 가능한 제어 알고리즘을 개발하였으며, WAVE 통신-제어기를 결합하여 충돌 회피 시스템을 구축하였다. 그리고 충돌 회피 동작의 검증을 위해 두 소형 선박간의 정면, 추월, 교차의 3가지의 조우 시나리오에 대해서 시뮬레이션을 수행하고 실선 시험 을 통해서 충돌 회피 알고리즘을 검증하였다.

In general, small and medium-sized computer rooms do not have access floors for reasons of increased floor height and increased construction cost. Therefore, the air conditioning method used here applies the method of directly blowing the cold air of the air conditioner into the computer room. In this case, the hot/cold air is not separated, and as the hot air is recirculated, it is re-introduced to the front of the server rack, resulting in a problem that the server cooling efficiency is decreased. In addition, in such a computer room structure, it is difficult to configure and install a containment system. In this study, we tried to understand the problem of the formation airflow in the case of using the existing air conditioning method, and to find a method of configuring the air conditioning environment to improve the cooling efficiency. The purpose of this study was to understand the airflow/temperature distribution in the computer room using the CFD simulation method. In addition, the thermal characteristics of various air-conditioning environments such as the location of the CRAC cold air discharge location, the layout between server rack and CRAC and the containment were reviewed.

This study analyzed product conditions in terms of “size system,” “clothing construction depending on fit,” “details,” “colors,” and “prices,” with an emphasis on young contemporary brands for spring/summer 2021, in order to provide basic data for the development of small-sized women’s jackets. Out of 96 domestic and foreign brands, the study analyzed 254 small-sized jacket products from 23 brands that produce size-XS jackets. First, when examining the sizes for women’s jackets, we found that 8 out of the 23 brands offer a size-XXS option. After conducting tree analysis to analyze the factors affecting the production of size-XXS, the study found significant results in the areas of “distinction between domestic and foreign brands” and “product price.” Second, after categorizing small-sized women’s jackets into 3 categories— fit-slim, basic, and straight—the study analyzed clothing construction elements depending on fit. This seasons mainly feature straight-fit’s hip-line length jacket, a 4-panel pattern, and a panel without a waist dart. Third, the study, through the analysis of the colors of small-sized women’s jackets, found a higher frequency of colors in the order of black (23.0%), white (13.3%), and beige tones (10.1%), with additional colors such as sky blue, rose pink, and aquamarine in production, which exhibit the senses of the seasons. Price analysis revealed that small-sized jackets constituted a price range at the mid-to-low end, as in ₩50,000-100,000 (30.3%), ₩100,000- 150,000 (19.3%), and ₩150,000-200,000 (11.8%).

The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between internal corporate, supplier, and customer integrations for domestic SMEs on non-financial and financial performance through SCM performance such as flexibility and reduction of uncertainties. To this end, data was collected on 286 SMEs in Korea, and the structural relationships between SCM integration level, SCM performances, and management performance were analyzed. As a result of the analysis, first, it was found that the SCM integration level had a significant positive effect on the flexibility and reduction of uncertainties, which are SCM performances. Second, the flexibility and reduction of uncertainties showed significantly positive effects on the non-financial performance of the companies, but did not directly affect the financial performance positively. Third, the non-financial performance was found to have a positive effect on the financial performance. In addition, the SCM integration level did not have a direct effect on the financial and non-financial performance, but it was found that it affected management performance by mediating the flexibility and reduction of uncertainties, which are SCM performances. That is, although the SCM integration level did not directly affect financial and non-financial performance, it was confirmed that it affects management performance by mediating SCM performances, flexibility and uncertainty reduction. In other words, it was confirmed that the SCM integration level directly or indirectly affects SCM performances and overall management performance. These results imply the necessity to focus on competency in the supply chain management area according to the SCM performance expected by SMEs, and the step by step approaches to the expected effects. In a situation where prior SCM related studies have not been able to present SCM performances and management performance of SMEs that are relatively lacking in their capital and SCM construction capabilities, the findings of this study could suggest the importance of SCM integration from the perspective of SMEs. In addition, from the viewpoint of SMEs, this study suggested that a sequential approach for performance measurement is required (SCM performance → management performance) in relation to the performance factors to be established through SCM. 1

소형선박 기관실 내 화재 시 개구부 유동 및 온도에 대해 FDS(Fire Dynamics Simulator)를 이용하여 화재시뮬레이션을 수행하였다. 열방출률이 10 kW 급인 경유(Diesel) 화재를 대상으로 하였고, 천장 통풍통의 위치, 측면 개구부 유·무 및 크기에 대한 영향을 파악하였다. 측면 개구부의 유·무 및 크기는 연기 거동 뿐 아니라 개구부를 통한 질량 유량 및 온도에 지대한 영향을 미쳤다. 측면 개구부가 미설치되거나 크기가 작은 경우 연기층이 기관실 내 바닥까지 도달하였고, 측면 개구부의 크기가 증가함에 따라 개구부를 통한 질량 유량이 증가하고 온도는 감소하는 경향이 나타났다. 반면, 천장 통풍통의 위치가 연기 거동, 개구부를 통한 질량 유량 및 온도에 미치는 영향은 측면 개구부 크기에 비해 상대적으로 미미한 것으로 관찰되었다. 따라서 소형선박의 기관실 내 화재 시 안전성 향상을 위해서는 천장 통풍통 위치보다 측면 개구부의 크기가 더 중요한 설계 인자인 것으로 판단된다.

This study was conducted in order to improve opening efficiency of the miniaturized small-scale net for anchovy boat seine gear to reduce the fleet size. Field experiment was performed to observe geometry of nets by catcher boats. When the distance between the two ships was 150, 300 and 450 m and the speed of towing nets was 0.6, 0.9, and 1.2 kt, the vertical opening and actual opening of each part of the miniaturized small-scale net was as follows: the front part of the wing net, 6.8-9.5 m, 45-63%; the middle part of the wing net, 16.1-30.7 m, 34-65%; the entrance of the inside wing net, 21.6-41.2 m, 44-84%; the square and bosom, 17.4-34.0 m, 38-75%; the entrance of the body net, 16.5-29.4 m, 36-64%; the entrance of the bag net, 14.5-21.9 m, 70-106%; the flapper, 6.7-7.7 m, 81-83%, and the end of the bag net, 8.6-10.9 m, 64-81%. The tension of towing nets was measured to be 2,734-6,812 kg approximately, which indicates that the fleet can tow nets with 350 hp, the standard engine horse power. The fishing operation time was shortened comparing to existent net with the large-scale buoy attachment operation. It was also possible to operate the ship without fish detecting boat.

국내 교육용 천문대 네 곳과의 협력으로 세 개의 기선을 구축 및 동시 관측을 수행하여, 지구근접천체 Amor족 소행성인 1036 Ganymed의 지심시차와 거리, 운동 상태를 알아보았다. 관측은 2011년 9월에서 11월 동안, 동시 관측이 가능한 날에 이루어졌다. 1036 Ganymed의 거리는 9월 26일 0.40 AU, 10월 11일 0.40 AU, 10월 25일 0.34 AU 이었 고, 각각은 미국 제트추진연구소가 제시하는 측정거리와 비교한 결과 오차 범위내의 값이었다. 1036 Ganymed는 관측 기간 동안 순행 운동을 보였고, 접선 각속력은 0.04-0.05'' sec−1로 측정되었다. 본 연구를 통해 국내에 있는 교육용 천문 대들의 동시 관측으로 0.4 AU 부근의 소행성에 대해 약 5% 정도의 오차 범위를 가지는 거리 측정치를 얻을 수 있음 을 보였다. 이로부터, 교육용 천문대 간의 네트워크를 기반으로 한 협력 관측 수행이 이루어지고 새로운 연구연계 교육 프로그램의 유형으로 활용 될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

Piloti-type building is one of typical vertical atypical buildings. These buildings can fail by weak-story or flexible-story mechanism on the first story. They should be designed by taking into account the special seismic load, but those less than six stories are not required to confirm the seismic performance from structural engineers in Korea. For this reason, small-size pilloti-type RC buildings need to be checked for seismic performance. Based on this background, this study performed nonlinear dynamic analysis using the PERFORM-3D for small-size pilloti-type RC buildings and assessed their seismic performance. Examples are two through four story buildings with and without walls in the first story. The walls and columns in the first story satisfied the target performance in the basic of flexural behavior due to quite a large size and reinforcement. However, wall shear demands exceed shear strength in some buildings. When designed for KBC2009, wall shear strength exceed shear demand in some buildings, but still does not in others. Consequently, wall shear must be carefully checked in both existing and new small-size pilloti-type RC buildings.

Small-size buildings are not designed by professional structural engineers in Korea. Therefore, their seismic performance can not be exactly estimated because their member sizes and reinforcement may be over- or under-designed. A prescriptive design criteria for the small-size buildings exists, but it also provides over-designed structural members since structural analysis is not incorporated, so it is necessary to revise the prescriptive criteria. The goal of this study was to provide an information for the revision, which is seismic performance and capability of small-size reinforced concrete moment frame buildings. For the study, the state of existing small-size reinforce-concrete buildings such as member size and reinforcement was identified by investigating their structural drawings. Then, over-strength, ductility and response modification factor of the small-size reinforced concrete moment frame buildings were estimated by analytical approach along with seismic performance check. The result showed that they possess moderate over-strength and ductility, and may use slightly increased response modification factor.

For small-size reinforce-concrete buildings, Midas Gen, OpenSees, and Perform-3D, which are structural analysis programs that are most popularly used at present, were applied for nonlinear static pushover analysis, and then difference between those programs was analyzed. Example buildings were limited to 2-story frames with irregular shaped walls. Analysis result showed that there were more differences than for frames only and frames with rectangular walls, but it was not so significant. Nevertheless, the capacity curve were different in some buildings, which is attributed to shape and location of walls, and feature of the analysis program. Especially, selection of automatic or manual input in Midas Gen, or nonlinear wall elements in Perform3D can affect the capacity curve and performance of the buildings. Therefore, the program users should understand the feature of the program well, and then conduct performance assessment. The result of this study is limited to low-story buildings so that it should be noted that it is possible to get different results for mid- to high-rise buildings.