战后日本汉字的字体出现了混乱状态，这与日本政府推出的汉字政策有着密切的关联。就字体问题，日本政府在战后推出了一系列政策。这些汉字表对规范日本国民的汉字使用起到了积极作用，但是同时存在着不少问题，本文旨在通过对这些汉字表进行分析，探究日本常用汉字字体存在的问题。

漢字偏旁化是一個獨立使用的漢字演變成為一個偏旁的過程，也是形成漢字異體字的重要方式。《玄應音義》中所記錄的漢字異體字為這一演變過程提供了大量可資證明的例證。

本文为北京师范大学本科生科研基金项目《基于汉字文化圈视角的简化字历史与现状研究》的阶段性成果，该项目旨在追溯简化字来源，考察民国年间教育部推行的汉字简化方案字形以及建国以后大陆颁布的简化字方案，同时探究汉字文化圈的简化汉字运用状况及其中可见的对汉字简化的态度。本文作为其阶段性成果，旨在在前人研究的基础上，整理《说文解字》、《干禄正字》、《宋元以来俗字谱》等三部字书中沿用至今的简化字，并结合《简化字总表》，追溯简化字的起源，总结汉字简化的原则与方法，理顺简化字的历史发展脉络。在接下来的研究中，还将基于汉字文化圈的视角，以日本、新加坡、韩国等国家和地区汉字简化方案为例，对比文化圈内简化方案的各自特征，探究其中的联系，蠡测其中的发展趋势，同时调查汉语文化圈内简化字的使用和推广情况，进而分析 简化字的推广在文化交流中的作用。

By contrasting the two representative dictionary from ancient to modern of WuhouqingZihai（《五侯鯖字海》）with HanyuDazidian （《漢語大字典》），we come to conclusion：“ying（孾）”，girl, this is to retain the“ying（孾）” original meaning；“ying（孾）”,“baby”, this is the uprising of the“ying（孾）”.“Pā（􀁪）”, the voice of stone cracking；“bā（玐）”, the voice of Jade；the two are not variantions, but the voice of the two are similar , so can pass.“Miào（􀁫）”, meaning “the name of the drug”，“yào（藥）”had false from “lè（樂）”in the process of copying.“Suǒ（ ）”, meaning“zhī（只）”，“zhī（只）” had false from “bèi（貝）”in the process of copying；“suǒ（瑣）”is the new words from “suǒ（ ）”.“Yú（臾）”is original meaning of the justice for catch hair bundle while dragging, and pictographic characters, “kuì（㬰）”is original meaning of the lifting apparatus, and the pictographic character；“kuì（㬰）”and“kuì（蕢）” are variantions. “réng（礽）” is divide variant of“réng（仍）”. “Zhī（祗）”and“zhī（􀁭）”，the samesound and meaning, the radicalchoice ofthe sameconfigurationheterogeneouscharacter.

Oracle inscriptions in bovid scapulas were engraved by certainregularity, that is no matter left bovid scapulas or right bovid scapulas. Oracleinscriptions that closed to the cut were first engraved. JiaguwenHejiShiwen甲骨文合集释文 usually arranged its order according to intervals betweensexagenary cycle, and sometimes according to whether the question is positiveor negative and whether the oracle inscription is integrated, but these ways can’t correctly reveal the order of oracle inscriptions. Thus, the writers thoroughlysurveyed bovid scapulas in JiaguwenHeji甲骨文合集 Book 1 to 6 and reordered the oracle inscriptions that were mistakenly ordered in JiaguwenHejiShiwen甲骨文合集释文according to oracle inscriptions that closed to the cut were first engraved.

關於“覓”字，眾多學者因未見早期金文，而誤以為是它字之訛體或俗體。本文歸納典籍所載，理清其脈絡，以就正于方家。

Chinese characters are ideographic system text. Therefore,Chinese characters is through its body structure to express meaning. Thisis the basis of Chinese characters can be created, resulting in theprinciples of radical.Correspondingly, people recognize Chinesecharacters only through analysis of the body structure of Chinesecharacters in order to know the original significance of a singlecharacter. Therefore, understanding the Characters and the principle ofradicals is very important. However, in Chinese characters search, inorder to search easy people set up another radical system , this set ofradical system were re-classified and positioning of Chinesecharacters.Of course, considerable part of the radical is coincident with.Therefore, in the teaching process we should distinguish the principlecomponents and characters principles of radical differences, it is acorrect understanding of Chinese characters, and accurate use of Chinesecharacters.

“非”是个独体字，许多学者都解析了“非”字及一些以“非”为构字部件的字。综合分析“非”字的形、音、义，我们认为：“非”是“飞”的分化字，“非”的本义是“相背”，“非”也有“飞”义。人们探求汉语中字与字之间的关系由来已久，“右文说”“因声求义”“语根”等都是重要的理论。1988 年，蔡永贵先生在《“右文说”新探》中把“右文说”定义为一种“母文表义”的理论，认为“右文”不是声符，“右文说”所论对象不是形声字，而是一种“母文外化字”，即在“母文”上加注表示具体事类的偏旁（简称“外化符号”）为外部标志而产生的孳乳字。采用蔡永贵的“母文表义”说，引用《说文解字》系列文献资料解析了《说文解字》中收录的“相背”义、“交错”义、“错、反对、讥讽”等义、“两两相从，成双成对”义、“隐盖、隐藏”义、“飞扬、上腾”义、“赤”义的“非”族字。

综合分析“非”字的形、音、义，我们认为：“非”是“飞”的分化字，“非”的本义是“相背”，“非”也有“飞”义。采用蔡永贵的“母文表义”说，我们解析了《说文解字》中收录的31个“非”族字，写成了《解析“非”及〈说文解字〉中的“非”族字》一文。在此基础上，本文补充分析《汉语大字典》所收录的《说文解字》以外的“非”族字，分成“相背”义、“交错”义、“错、反对、讥讽等”义、“两两相从、成双成对”义、“隐盖、隐藏”义、“飞扬、上腾”义、“赤”义七个字族，并用表示意于文末。

The ancient and modern scholars have differentinterpretations to traditional word creation regulation of echoismin thesix categories of Chinese characters. The article seeks the regulationsintention closely the word on the basis of carefully studying thedifficult words“ Shi”( “事” )“ Ming” (“名”)“ Bi” (“譬”)accuratemeanings according to the disadvantage that the statements avoid to mention the definition of words, but vaguely explain the structure of name and definitions content. The article proposes a new interpretation of the regulations of echoism in order to make mutual credit and blend into one harmonious whole between the name, definition and the solution of example word, at the same time, the article proves the name motivation of “ imitative ” and “ pictophonetic character ” which are synonym of homogeneous to echoism

"六书”概括了汉字体系的建构，实则是联想性思维方式的产物；它既是中华民族思维智慧的创造、也是维系中华民族思维特质的纽带，从形式到结构、运动、联系、创造的相似性完全吻合相似论原理，汉字的人本性是对人类思维智库的伟大贡献。

三国史记,三国遗事等国内的文献资料以及中国或日本的史书上记录的关于新罗的国名, 官名, 地名, 人名等, 大多数都存在于异表记. 按照异表记的原则来说, 它们应该都是同音或近音. 本考以王力提示的音同或音近基准的叠韵, 对转, 旁转, 旁对转, 通转(韵母), 双声, 准双声, 旁纽, 准旁纽, 邻纽(声母)为根据, 从音韵学的角度对这些新罗时期的名词是否是异表记进行考证. 人名接尾辞异表记, 在ⓐ'知,只,利,兮,巴'与ⓑ'次'中, ⓐ为双声, 准双声,叠韵, ⓐ和利, 次通过邻纽, 通转为近音. 而兮和巴并不是互为近音, 前文的ⓐ和ⓑ也不是近音. 地名异表记, ‘伊骨'与‘一古'中的伊和一是双声, 对转的近音. 骨和古在上古音及中古音中不是近音但是在近代音成为了同音. 官等名异表记‘飡, 湌, 餐, 囋, 飧’中餐是本字, 湌是异体字, 飡是俗字, 囋, 飧是异表记字. 官等名異表記‘沙咄干’的咄虽然看作是叱的误记但是从音韵学的角度是无法看成误记的. 官等名異表記‘柰麻’中‘柰, 奈, 乃,那’的奈和柰是两个不同的字, 但是因为在上古, 中古音中是双声, 叠韵的同音所以可以互用. 官等名異表記‘翳飡, 伊湌, 乙粲’中, ⓐ‘翳和伊’是双声,叠韵的同音, ⓐ和‘乙’是双声, 对转的近音. 官等名異表記‘沙湌, 薩湌’中, 沙和薩在中古音里是准雙聲, 對轉的近音.官等名异表记‘吉支智, 吉之, 吉士, 吉次, 稽知’的‘吉支智’中的智是接尾辞. ‘吉支智’的接尾辭'智'除外的‘吉支, 吉之, 吉士, 吉次, 稽知’中的吉和稽在上古, 中古音里是双声, 对转的近音. 後部要素ⓐ支, 知, 之, 士在上古, 中古音里是雙聲或準雙聲, 疊韻或旁轉. 吉次的次在近代音时与ⓐ成为了近音. 在新罗国号的异表记‘斯羅, 斯盧, 徐那伐, 徐羅伐, 徐耶伐, 徐伐, 薛羅, 尸羅, 新羅, 新良, 志羅’等中, ⓐ‘斯, 徐, 薛, 尸, 志’的聲母心,書, 邪, 章母是准双声, 旁纽, 邻纽, 韻部之, 支, 魚, 脂韻通过旁轉成为近音. 但是新罗的新因为和前面的名称们差异较大所以并不是近音. ⓑ‘羅, 盧,那, 耶, 良’是双声或旁纽, 叠韵, 对转, 通转的近音. 王號異表記寐錦和尼斯今中的寐和尼在上古, 中古音中是邻纽, 旁转的近音. 锦和今则确实是双声,叠韵的同音. 尼斯的斯, 就如同在日本书纪中为了表现官等名柰末的末, 在奈麻后面加上了一个禮写做奈麻禮一样, 可推测是作为‘-ㅅ’的角色.

Compounding Binding words, transliteration words, and onomatopoetic words of Chinese language into the kind of onomatopoeia. Each word of its inside is called the character sued for onomatopoeia is thought to only record the one syllable sound without meaning. The result reveals, these characters are all independent morpheme, can all become words independently. The feasible reason of this research is, first, cut character temporarily ingrammar words. The second, word feature is different from word using. The third, Chinese character has its feature oneself ---- morphological features. This paper analyzes down from a point is identical with linguistics western. Enumerate seven reasons of the needing for internal word. Illustrate its morpheme, morphological feature, and use with examples. The researcher has the experience foundation that analyzing “hé”（和）, in idea has the commonality cognition - -morpheme between Chinese and English, the attention of the independent unit of Chinese - -individual feature of Chinese characters. This research can reset Chinese character’s location in linguistics.

Etymological character is a term of traditional linguistics.The understanding and use of etymological character shows a certaindeviation in terms of modern linguistics system. There is a contradictionin the use of etymological character in traditional documents, both in itsconnotation and denotation. So the term of etymological character even in Encyclopedia of China needs to be searched out. In fact, the form of anetymological character can integrate into its meaning, and shows a kind of inner essence. Of course, the characteristics of etymological character should be followed in the study of dialect.

Explanation of mu is different. By dialects, differentpeoples’ languages and foreign languages, we think mu was thumb，then developed as middle finger by metonymy and big toe of feet by metaphor, and jiangzhi is the middle finger and big toe of feet. But MU doesn’t acquire the third finger of foot. This is why different meaning appears.

Chinese Characters with thousands Reflections and Practice of Chinese Characters Teaching of history, appearing with Chinese culture, will go on. They are the main carriers of Chinese culture, living fossil of Chinese history, a part of Chinese culture and history. With the frequent communication between Western and Eastern culture, Chinese characters play a more and more important role in the world and show more advantages. However, some bad phenomena appear during the course of using the Chinese Characters due to the influence of different factors. Not standard, mistaken phrases or words are often used, which badly damages the normative and purity of languages, then destroys the harmony of the language and culture environment. Thus, the language teaching has to be reflected upon agai

《第一批简体字表》作为我国历史上第一个由官方发布的简体字表，在我国文字规范史上具有里程碑意义。在此文中，我们着重梳理探讨了以下三个问题：一、《第一批简体字表》的编制，内容涉及编制的背景、总原则、经过、发布与实施情况等；二、将《第一批简体字表》收的字跟现行规范字进行比较，进一步看《第一批简体字表》收字科学与否等性质；三、考察《第一批简体字表》的历史地位以及对现实的启示。

The article states that the writing style determines the forms ofChinese Characters during the process in shaping the characters by analyzing the Characters both in Pre-Qin Days and in Qin Dynasty. In other words, the way of writing influences the result of writing------ the forms of Chinese character directly, moreover, any kind of change in characters’ evolution stems from the slight difference from the previous writing style. Characters are presented by using writing, characters on Bamboo or Wood strips in Qin Dynasty are kept more in the inking words in the early forms of Chinese characters; meanwhile , writing style in Qin Dynasty is a transitional form in the change from seal script to clerical script; at the same time, it includes both the writing motivation of seal script and other writing styles, such as, clerical script, running script and cursive script in the following periods and conceives rich connotation in writing styles. So, we know that , to some extent, the writing style can restrict or improve the process of characters’ evolution by researching the writing styles’ influence on the following characters’ shape. And as an internal factor, it is writing style itself that influences the Chinese character’s shapes. In this way, we push the traditional static research of forms of joining different parts to form the Chinese characters and that of changing rules of different parts in Chinese characters to the dynamic level in Chinese characters’ research.

长期以来，使用“语文一体”的教材，用合成法教第二语言，结果出现“哑巴汉语”和“汉字难学”的问题。“语文一体”的教学理念源于西方语言学。西方语言学认为文字是语言的符号，文字表现语言，于是西方人通过文字研究语言，得出合成论的语言观。符号是由感官感知的，根据人感知符号的方式来区分，语言是听觉符号，文字是视觉符号。无形的语言和有形的文字不是物体和照片那样的表现关系，所以不能因文字是合成的，就认为语言也是合成的。儿童获得语言能力的过程证明人的语言能力不是合成的，而是在语言环境中整体生成的。文盲现象说明人获得“语言能力”和“文字能力”的方式是不同的，所以应把“语言能力”和“文字能力”分开。“语文分开”的教学理念认为我们不是教汉语，而是教“普通话”和“汉文”；第二语言教学应遵循母语整体生成的规律；第二文字教学应遵循文字的教学规律，而中国古人最了解“汉文”的教学规律。

Phonetic Complement of the homophone system in ShuoWencame from different periods. The Character-building ability of the same phonetic complement is different in different periods. According our study, more than half of the phonetic complements in ShuoWenhave already existed in the Shang Dynasty. Only 10%-20% of the phonetic complements were appeared in the other periods. Almost a third part of characters which existed in the Shang Dynasty were largely chosen as phonetic complement at that time.