Background : Temperature is major factor for growth plant. Recently, because of global warming, abnormal temperature included drought, deluge, sudden temperature change and heavy snow damaged crops in the world. In Korea, crops have been sensitive to low temperature on early growth stage, e.g. fruit tree and ginseng, were damaged owing to sudden heavy snow and cold on Spring. Therefore, recently interest in cold resistance crops were increased in demand rapidly. This study was performed to establish transgenic Nicotiana benthamiana by transforming cold resistant gene related to cold tolerance S-adenosylmethionine synthetase (SAMS) isolated from Miscanthus sinensis. Methods and Results : Total RNA was extracted from leaves of M. sinensis using Trizol assay and isolated MsSAMS. Isolated MsSAMS was insert into SacⅠ- XbaⅠ sites of pMBP1 vector. The vector was transformed to Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain LBA4404 by DH5α. A. tumefaciens with binary plasmid were selected at YEP medium supplemented with kanamycin. Cut leaves of tobacco were co-cultured with selected A. tumefaciens. Co-cultured leaves was grown on regeneration medium for a month at dark condition, and transferred to at light condition. Regeneration shoot from callus were excised and transferred to root-induction medium. Approximately, 58% of leaves explant produced callus. Nearly, 30% of callus had shoot and approximately, 94% of shoots were rooted in root-induction medium. Conclusion : We established an efficient transformation system of N. benthamiana transformed by using MsSAMS gene related to cold tolerance isolated from M. sinensis. We may use the produced transgenic plants to prevent damages carried by cold.

Background : The study was conducted in response to climate change, to develop cultivation techniques by introducing a new crop income. Therefore, we want to collect the Coriander sativum genetic resources that are grown in different regions of the korea and other countries. The C. sativum were strengthens the stomach to say "housil" in Herbal and prosper digestion. Recently, several nations, including Vietnam and Thail and increased in Korea. C. sativum increased eating enjoy food. The people who like C. sativum in Korea is estimated to be 1.5 million. Methods and Result : First was C. sativum 93 species in National agrobiodiversity Center RDA lotting-out on May 12, 2016 for the study. C. sativum germplasm received lotting-out of over thousand grain 15g 28 kinds of seeds, 10∼15g was 23 species, 10g less than 42 species. 32 kinds of fruit color is white, black, 30 species, the gray was 31 species. Conclusion : C. sativum lotting-out was conducted by resource for two weeks from germination test from May 31 to June 13. The results were as follows: C. sativum port germination 86∼100% germination was 43 stocks, 40∼60% of 23 stocks, 5 stocks of 20∼ 40%. The 22 stocks were not germinate paper. C. sativum resources per port germination test was conducted 13 days from 29 days July until August 9th. As a result, more than 90% of the port germination is 62 stocks, not more than 80∼90%, 50∼80% 18 stocks of germination was 5 stocks. At this time, no germination was 8 stocks. Therefore, C. sativum germination test is a port germination test obtained a more than satisfactory result.

Background : Schizandra chinensis Baillon have five tastes and lately it is using a beverage broadly. Schizandra chinensis is one of the top producing medicinal plant in Korea. Mungyeong of Gyongbuk province produce almost of Schizandra chinensis. Maturity of Schizandra chinensis get 3 years and proliferation of Schizandra chinensis was not a manual. It is needed that a new cultivar has a big fruit and high quality chracteristics using processed food and beverage. Methods and Results : 105 lines of Schizandra chinensis were collected on Mungyeong, Yeongwol, Jinan. It were studied it’ characteristics especially it’s fruit trait. Fruit traits of Schizandra chinensis were researched on fruit length, fruit weight, maturity, number of fruit, male and female ratio, powdery mildew. Fruit length of Schizandra chinensis is relation of fruit weight. It were founded 15 lines of long fruit length. 5 lines were studied high fruit weight and it’s weight were 32 to 41g. Number of fruit has relation with fruit weight and high fruit weight gets many fruits. it’s numer of fruits were 3 to 41. Male and female ratio were very impotant characteristic. High level of female ratio has quantity of fruit. High level of female ratio were founded 2 lines. Finally It was selected 3 good breed lines of Schizandra chinensis. Conclusion : 105 lines of Schizandra chinensis Baillons were collected on Mungyeong, Yeongwol, Jinan. It were founded 15 lines of long fruit length and 5 lines were studied high fruit weight. High level of female ratio were founded 2 lines. 3 good breed lines of Schizandra chinensis were selected.

Background : Prenyltransferases catalyze the sequential addition of IPP units to allylic prenyl diphosphate acceptors and are classified as either trans-prenyltransferases (TPTs) or cis-prenyltransferases (CPTs). Although CPTs and TPTs share similar substrate preferences and reaction products, they can be easily distinguished by their primary amino acid sequences. The characterization of cis-prenyltransferases has been less studied than that of trans-prenyltransferases. Methods and Results : Gene expression patterns of PgCPT1 was analyzed by qRT-PCR. In planta transformation was generated by floral dipping using Agrobacterium tumefaciens. Yeast transformation was performed by lithium acetate and heat-shock for rer2Δ complementation and yeast-two-hybrid assay. Ginseng genome contains at least one family of three putative CPT genes. PgCPT1 is expressed in all organs, but more predominantly in the leaves. Overexpression of PgCPT1 did not show any plant growth defect, and can complement yeast mutant rer2Δ via possible protein-protein interaction with PgCPTL2. Conclusion : Partial complementation of the yeast dolichol biosynthesis mutant rer2Δ suggested that PgCPT1 is involved in some of dolichol biosynthesis. Direct protein interaction between PgCPT1 and a human Nogo-B receptor homolog suggests that PgCPT1 requires an accessory component for proper function.

Background : Angelica gigas is a biennial or short lived perennial plant found in China, Japan, and Korea. The root of Angelica gigas has been used in oriental traditional medicine and is marketed as a functional food product in Europe and North America. Cham-Dang-Gui (Korean Angelica, the dried root of Angelica gigas Nakai (AGN)) has been principally cultivated in Korea and used as a Korean medicinal herb. It contains several chemicals, such as pyranocoumarins, essential oils, and polyacetylenes. Methods and Results : Fresh Angelica gigas Nakai was purchased from Pyeongchang (Korea). Standard samples of D, DA were obtained from Korea Promotion Institute for Traditional Medicine Industry (Gyeongsan, Korea). Soluplus was purchased from BASF (Ludwigshafen, Germany). AGN was dried in the oven at 55°C for 24 h and cooled at room temperature. The AGN sample was then stored at 4°C until milling. Oral solid formulations based on Angelica gigas Nakai and Soluplus were prepared by the hot melt extrusion (HME) method. AGN was pulverized into coarse and ultrafine particles, and their particle size and morphology were investigated. Ultrafine AGN particles were used in the HME process with high shear to produce AGN-based formulations. In simulated gastrointestinal fluids (pH 1.2 and pH 6.8) and water, significantly higher amounts of the major active components of AGN, decursin (D) and decursinol angelate (DA), were extracted from the HME-processed AGN/Soluplus group than the AGN EtOH extract group (p < 0.05). Based on an in vivo pharmacokinetic study in rats, the relative oral bioavailability of decursinol (DOH), a hepatic metabolite of D and DA, in administered mice was 8.75-fold higher than in AGN EtOH ext-treated group. Conclusion : Soluplus-included solid formulation prepared by HME can be a promising carrier for oral delivery of phytochemicals. These findings suggest that HME-processed AGN/Soluplus formulation could be a promising therapeutic candidate for oral bioavailability.

Background : Malonyl ginsenoside content of the Panax ginseng is known to account for 35% to 60% of total ginsenosides content. However, its distribution by ginseng part has not been studied. In this study, four kinds of malonyl ginsenosides were compared in Korean white ginseng part using the purified malonyl ginsenoside standards in our laboratory. Methods and Results : White ginseng was prepared by the air drying (50℃, 48h) or freeze drying (-70℃, 48h) methods form 4-year-old ginseng. Malonyl ginsenoside content in total ginsenosides were similar in air dried and freeze dried white ginseng, 58% and 62%, respectively. Therefore, malonyl ginsenoside contents in main, lateral, and fine root, and in the main root without skin and skin of main root prepared by freeze dried method were compared. Malonyl ginsenosides (m-Rb1, m-Rb2, m-Rc and m-Rd) and total ginsenosides (Rg1, Re, Rf, Rb1, Rc, Rb2, Rb3, Rd, m-Rb1, m-Rb2, m-Rc and m-Rd) were 6.75 and 14.15 mg/g in main root, 14.15 and 26.35 mg/g in lateral root, 46.95 and 84.15 mg/g in fine root. Malonyl ginsenoside contents in skin of main root was 20.08 mg/g, while its contents of the main root without skin was 2.58 mg/g. Conclusion : As a result, the parts each air drying the sample was confirmed that the ratio of the distribution of malonyl ginsenoside (main root : lateral : fine root = 18.7 : 11.1 : 16.2), and distribution ratio of main root, skin of main root, lateral, skin of lateral was found to be (12.2: 14.6 14.3: 3.7). Malonyl ginsenoside content was the highest in fine root, compared to the main or lateral root. Malonyl ginsenoside contents in skin of root was higher than those of the main root without skin. These results is expected to help establish an efficient extraction and standardization. Malonyl ginsenoside analysis of White ginseng using HPLC expects that the standardization process can be established.

Background : Ginseng berry(GB) is useful not only just in growing source but also in functional food source. The ingredients of crops varies with the maturity. So, GB ingredients need to be analyse for optimal harvesting stage of GB against appropriate use. Methods and Results : This study was carried out to determine optimal harvesting stage of GB. GB was harvested 5 day periods from July 12, started harvesting when pollination was 50 days old, until August 1. GB was analysed color, ginsenosides and fatty acids using colorimeter, LC and GC, respectively. As the majority of GB increase, color of freeeze drying GB powder were changed that lightness and yellowness was increased, redness was decreased. Ginsenoside Re, Rb1 and Rb2, major ginsenoside in GB, were increased and Ginsenoside F1, Rk1 and Rg5, minor ginsenoside, were increased for a time and then decreased. Oleic acid, the main fatty acid in GB, was decreased, and linoleic acid and total fatty acid content was increased to July 27 and then decreased. Conclusion : Total ginsenosides content was the highest on August 1 and total fatty acid content was the highest July 27. As the majority of GB increase, ratio of oleic acid on total fatty acid was decreased and linoleic acid was increased. Thus, GB is that the longer a harvest period and the more useful for food source.

Background : Recently, many studies to seek for medicinal herb compounds from natural products have been attempted capable of being free from harmful side effects and reducing the economic burden. This study was conducted to investigate whether Morus alba L.(MAL) water extracts has a biological safety, and an inhibitory potential against the mutagenicity induced by cigarette smoke condensates(CSC). Methods and Results : MAL was extracted with 70% ethanol and the yield of the extract was 35.1%. The 70% ethanol MAL extract was fractionated sequentially by diethylether, chloroform, dichloromethane, and water, respectively. Crude MAL 70% ethanol extract itself and its solvent fractions did not show any mutagenic effect up to 1 mg/plate toward Salmonella typhimurium TA 98 with or without the microsomal S-9 mixture of liver metabolic activations. On the other hand, the crude MAL extract showed an inhibitory activity against the mutagenicity of CSC with S-9 mixture. Diethyl ether layer among five solvent fractions showed the highest inhibitory activity at the same dose. The inhibitory activity of diethyl ether layer was also increased dose-dependently and the inhibitory rate was about 97.1% at the concentration of 1 mg/plate. Conclusion : In this study, we concluded that all of the crude MAL 70% ethanol extract and its solvent layers are potentially safe for mutagenicity and the diethyl ether layer among the crude MAL 70% ethanol extract has an inhibitory effect against the mutagenicity of CSC.

Background : The objective of this study was to investigate antioxidant activities, inhibitory activities against heme induced colonic epithelial cell proliferations, anti-inflammatory activities and anthocyanin profiles in the anthocyanin rich fraction (ARFAM) from fruits of Aronia melanocarpa, where these are considered functional substances and available food coloring agents in Korea. Methods and Results : Anthocyanins were identified by reversed-phase C18 column chromatography and HPLC-DAD-ESI/MS analysis. To compare the antioxidative and anti-inflammatory capacity of Aronia melanocarpa berries, recognized for their high content of anthocyanins, isolation method was developed to obtain high-purity anthocyanins in the extract. Anthocyanin-rich fractions (ARFAM) enriched in anthocyanins were found to be potent strong inhibitory activity towards heme induced colonic epithelial cell proliferations are associated with an increased risk of colon cancer than acidic ethanol extract (AME). The immunomodulation properties were assessed in growth of both human B and T cells, its cytokines secretion such as IL-6 (interleukin-6) and TNF-α (tumor necrosis factor-alpha). AME enhanced interleukin-6 and reduced tumor necrosis factor-a production, whereas ARFAM only had a effect in increasing of IL-6 expression. Conclusion : These results demonstrated that there was no major relationship between the antioxidative and immunomodulation capacities of AME and ARFAM.

Background : Lutein, a xanthophyll, consists of chains with 8 conjugated double bounds containing closed rings on each end of the chain. This carotenoid is found in fruits and vegetables, especially dark green leafy vegetables such as green tea. In this study, we investigated the anticancer effects of purified lutein from green tea on human cancer cell lines containing prostate carcinoma cancer cells (LNCaP). Methods and Results : Prostate carcinoma cancer cells (LNCaP) were cultured and evaluated the inhibitory effect of lutein isolated from green tea compared other carotenoids (β-carotene and lycopene) on cell proliferation. Cyclin D1 and PCNA were evaluated as cell differentiation. In results, PCNA/cyclin regulates the initiation of cell proliferation by mediating DNA polymerase. Under cultural conditions, lycopene remarkably suppressed the PCNA expression prostate cancer cell line LNCaP in higher doses (20 μM - 100 μM) statistically. However, β-carotene and lutein presented the less inhibitory effects on PCNA expression. Determination of PCNA expression in control and treated cells demonstrates that lycopene did affect proliferation in LNCaP cancer cells in dose-dependent manner. However, β-carotene and lutein suppressed the cyclin D1 expression in dose-dependent manner but no in lycopene group. These results indicate that differ carotenoids presented the various suppressive ability of PCNA and cyclin D1 expression in cell proliferation. Conclusion : In conclusion, lutein suppressed the carcinogenesis of induced prostate cancer cell line by acting as a suppressor for inhibiting the expression of cyclin D.

Background : Plants are the rich source of antioxidants, which plays a very important role in maintaining human health. Their antioxidant property protects cells of different organs of human beings against free radicals and free radical mediated diseases. Even though, there is lack of knowledge on the antioxidant effect of lutein present in plants. In the present study, lutein was isolated from the GreenTea leaves (Camellia sinensis) which is used as a dietary source. Methods and Results : The procedure adopted for the isolation and purification of lutein using acetone extraction and preparative high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) is simple and less time consuming. Free radicals scavenging activity of isolated lutein from acetone extract of GreenTea was assessed by DPPH radical scavenging assay and reducing power. The isolated lutein scavenged 79% of DPPH radicals at 20 ㎍/㎖ and two fold lower concentration compared to the standard antioxidants (α-tocopherol). No significant differences were found between the reducing power of the lutein and BHT when their concentrations were high. However, significant differences were observed at relatively low concentrations, the reducing power of lutein was isolated from the GreenTea leaves was stronger than those of their acetone extract and standard antioxidants (BHA). Both electron spin resonance (ESR) and in vitro assay confirmed that lutein was isolated from the GreenTea leaves, exhibited a greater capacity for scavenging superoxide (O2 •－) and hydroxyl (OH •) radicals than standard antioxidants β-carotene and α-tocopherol respectively. Conclusion : The results proven that lutein isolated from GreenTea leaves has an efficient antioxidant ability, it could serve as an antioxidant to scavenge reactive oxygen species.

Background : The effective components of Omija(Schisandra chinensis Bailllon) are lignans (schizandrins and gomisins), and this components were contented mostly in seed part on Omija, which have various physiological functionalities such as anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant activities. Methods and Results : This study was carried out to determine effective condition(CO2, CO2+ethanol) on extraction using supercritical carbon dioxide extraction (SFE) system and to find interrelation on effective components and antioxidant activity of extracts and residues obtained after extraction. Effective components were analysed lignans and phenolic compounds and antioxidant activirty was determined for DPPH radical scavenging ability on methanol extracts of SFE-extract and SFE-residue. On SFE with ethanol, SFE extract was separated two phase, upper(water phase) and lower(oil phase). SFE-extract showed the highest total lignans content(61.36 mg/g, 72.14 mg/g on lower, 50.58 mg/g on upper) and the lowest total phenolic compounds(6.52 mg/100g) and SFE-residue showed the lowest total lignans content(1.45 mg/g) and the highest total phenolic compounds(16.23 mg/100g) by extracted on CO2+ethanol treatment. SFE-residue methanol extract showed the highest DPPH radical scavenging abilities and SFE-extract upper showed the lowest. Conclusion : Thus, this results showed SFE-extract showed the highest total lignans content, but SFE-residue showed the highest DPPH radical scavenging ability although the lowest total lignans content.

Background : The roots of Codonopsis lanceolata have been used as a tonic crude drug and an edible plant in Korea. The plant mainly contains triterpenoid saponins, including codonolaside, codonolasideⅠ-Ⅴ, lancemaside A-G. Their saponins have shown anti-inflammatory effects such as bronchitis and cough, insomnia and hypomnesia. C. lanceolata is well known to affect various pharmacological effects for human health, and its consumption is increasing. Recently, plant and plant-derived products were treated a part of the healthcare system by applying the bioactive phytochemicals. Antioxidant and immune activity substances in food play an important role as a health-protecting factor. This study was designed to investigate the in vitro immune cell growth and xanthine oxidase Inhibitory activity of different storage period and storage temperature of C. lanceolata. Methods and Results : The plant materials were used the roots of C. lanceolata cultivated in Jeju area, Korea. Immune enhancing effect was conducted using T cell and B cell of human immune cells. Each cell incubated for 8 days with the sample extracts compared to the control group, and the immune activation was measured according to the growth of immune cells. The xanthine oxidase Inhibitory activity was measured by modifying the method of Noro(1983). In different storage period and storage temperature conditions, the immune cell growth of C. lanceolata extract promoted a concentration-dependent manner in both human T cell and B cell, and did not show a significant difference. The xanthine oxidase Inhibitory activity of C. lanceolata extract tended to decrease more, depending on the longer the storage period or the higher the storage temperature. Conclusion : These results of this study suggested that the root of C. lanceolata may assist in the potential biological activities, and can be used as a source of human health products.

Background : This text was conducted to compare the difference of fatty acid by part and ha bitat of Glehnia littoralis in Korea Midwest. Methods and Results : In Glehnia littoralis, Saturated fatty acid consisted of palmitic acid, ste aric acid, and unsaturated fatty acid was oleic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid. Content of w hole fatty acid was the most as 42.8% linoleic acid, and stearic acid was less best as 2.9%. Other fatty acid were oleic acid 27.1%, palmitic acid 15.3%, linolenic acid 11.9%. Fatty acid by plant part it was the most in leaf that linoleic acid (31.4%), and it was the most in root t hat linoleic acid (68.3%), and it was the most in breed that oleic acid (65.5%). Fatty acid by natural habitat contained in Incheon area located in high latitude more than Taean area. Conclusions : In Glehnia littoralis of Korea Midwest, The collection and cultivation of medici nal scope was broader, because difference of fatty acid content by natural habitat was light.

Background : More than 1250 bamboo species, belonging to 75 genera, are distributed all over the world. Sasa quelpaertensis Nakai is a type of bamboo grass widely distributed in Halla mountain, Jeju Island, which has been used as antidiabetic, anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory drugs. In this study, we investigated the antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of Sasa quelpaertensis Nakai leaf extracted with different ethanol concentration and demonstrated the potent bioactivities of the extracts suitable to be used as natural antioxidant compounds or pharmaceutical supplements. Methods and Results : Antioxidant and anti-microbial activities of Sasa quelpaertensis Nakai extracts were studied. At first, different ethanol concentrations (0, 20, 40, 60 and 80%) were compared for determining of the best solvent for extraction of phenolic compounds from Sasa quelpaertensis Nakai. Forty percent Ethanol extract with 990.01±28.9 (mg of gallic acid equivalents/g sample) were the best solvent in the extraction of phenolic compounds. But, 60% ethanolic extracts were highest antioxidant activity appeared such as DPPH radical scavenging (IC50 21.20±0.42 μg/ml), ABTS radical scavenging (IC50 49.85±1.27 μg/ml) and reducing power. However, 80% ethanol extracts showed the strongest SOD like activity. The anti-microbial capacity was screened against Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria, and yeast. Sixty percent and 80% ethanol extracts inhibited the growth of Gram positive bacteria; Bacillus cereus was the most susceptible one with MIC of 125 μ g/ml and 250 μg/ml for the 60% and 80% extracts, respectively. Conclusion : The results of this study show that the extract of Sasa quelpaertensis Nakai can be used as easily accessible source of natural antioxidants and as a possible food supplement or in pharmaceutical industry. However, the components responsible for the antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of both extracts of Sasa quelpaertensis Nakai are currently unclear. Therefore, it is suggested that further works should be performed on the isolation and identification of the antioxidant components in Sasa quelpaertensis Nakai.

Background : Some of invasive plants, which were introduced from foreign countries, have caused problems in Korea. Invasion of these invasive plants in the ecosystem threatens the habitat of endemic species, reducing biodiversity, and causing a disturbance in the ecological system. Hypochaeris radicata L. (Asteraceae), the most invasive plants in Korea, particularly in Jeju Island, invade farmland, and autochthonous forest, establishing monocultures and modifying the ecosystem structure. This invasive species has become a serious environmental problem because they displace the indigenous plant species. This study was conducted to evaluate the antioxidantive effects of ethanolic extracts from different parts (root, stem, seed and leaf) of the invasive exotic species Hypochaeris radicata L. Methods and Results : The aim of present study was to estimate the total phenolic and flavonoid contents and to investigate in vitro antioxidant potential of ethanolic leaf, root, seed, and stem extracts of the Hypochaeris radicata. Antioxidant activity was assessed by using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) assay, reducing power activity, [2,2-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid)] ABTS+ assay and ferrous ion chelating activity. The total phenolic and flavonoid contents were also determined and expressed in gallic acid and quercetin equivalent respectively. The results of the study indicate that the ethanolic extracts of the leaf, root, seed, and stem of H. radicata posses significant scavenging activity against DPPH (21.25% for leaf, 34.98% for root, 60.76% for seed and 45.25% for stem at 250 μg/ml each) and ABTS+ radical scavenging activity (14.85% for leaf, 17.40% for root, 35.91% for seed and 24.70% for stem at 250 μg/ml each), reducing power activity (0.178 absorbance at 300 μg/ml for leaf, 0.211 absorbance at 300 μg/ml for root, 0.447 absorbance at 300 μg/ml for seed, 0.276 absorbance at 300 μg/ml for stem). The free radical scavenging and antioxidant activities may be attributed to the presence of adequate phenolic (gallic acid content is 361.92.98 μg/g in leaf, 356.59μg/g in root, 719.72 μg/g in seed and 512.08 μg/g stem) and flavonoid compounds (219.52 μg/g in leaf, 75.67μg/g in root, 281.39 μg/g in seed and 215.66 μg/g stem). This study revealed that the ethanolic extracts of both leaf, root, seed and stem of H. radicata has demonstrated significant antioxidant activity. Conclusion : In conclusion, the present study has demonstrated that Hypochaeris radicata seed ethanol extracts are rich in phenolics and have a strong antioxidant activity and a radical-scavenging action in all of the tested methods. This suggests that Hypochaeris radicata is a good source of natural antioxidants.

Background : Garlic is one of the important vegetables and a source of natural anti-oxidants. This study was carried out to investigate the antioxidant activities including 2,2-diphenyl-1-picr yl-hydrazil (DPPH), 2,2'-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), reducing power (RP) and total polyphenol content (TPC) of A. ampel oprasum L. Methods and Results : DPPH, ABTS, FRAP, TPC, and RP were analyzed the extract of aerial plant part in 22 accessions of A. ampeloprasum by spectrophotometry mathod. A. tuberosum Rottler ex Spreng. was used as a control. DPPH was ranged from 0.35 to 3.06 ㎍ ASC ㎎-1 dw. ABTS and FRAP showed wide variation from 4.37 to 29.30 ㎍ Trolox ㎎-1 dw and 3.18 to 10.8 ㎍ ASC ㎎-1 dw, respectively. RP and TPC were ranged from 3.43 to 9.51 ㎍ GAE ㎎-1 dw, and 0.8 to 18.63 ㎍ ASC ㎎-1 dw, respectively. Cluster analysis of A. ampeloprasum germplasm was divided into two major groups. Group Ⅰ (7 accessions) characterized as higher antioxidant activities than the group Ⅱ (15 accessions) and had similar antioxidant activities with A. tuberosum as a control. FRAP value showed a significant strong positive correlation with DPPH (r = 0.868*) and ABTS activity (r = 0.826*). Principal component analysis showed that the first two principal components (PC1 and PC2) cumulatively explained 85.64 % of total variation. Conclusion : From the above results, we may suggest that A. ampeloprasum aerial parts might have useful as a new material for functional food.

Background : Ganoderma lucidum is a non-toxic, medicinal mushroom, which is known to possess anti-inflammatory and immunomodulating activities. However, the effects and mechanism of action of Ganoderma lucidum on lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ)-induced nitric oxide (NO) production and its-related cytokine expression are not yet fully understood. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of Ganoderma lucidum on NO production and NO-mediated pro-inflammatory cytokine expression in LPS/IFN-γ-induced RAW 264.7 macrophage-like cells. Methods and Results : The results showed that Ganoderma lucidum inhibited inducible NO synthase (iNOS) expression of RAW 264.7 macrophage-like cells at non-cytotoxic concentrations probably through the reduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. After pre-treatment of cells with non-toxic doses of Ganoderma lucidum; NO production was significantly decreased. Moreover, Ganoderma lucidum treatment suppressed LPS/IFN-γ -stimulated pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion, including interleukin-1β and interleukin-6, in a dose-dependent manner. Conclusion : Taken together, these results indicate that the anti-inflammatory activation of Ganoderma lucidum in LPS/IFN-γ-stimulated macrophages might be due to abrogation of NO-dependent cytokine release by impairment of iNOS expression via ROS generation.

Background : Angelica dahurica Bentham et Hooker, Angelica gigas Nakai, Ostericum koreanum Maximowicz and Peucedanum japonicum Thumberg　are a major medicinal plant in north Geungbuk province. Using medicinal plants are impotant it`s ingredient. Dry condition and stroage method are not standard manual. The ingredient variation of dry condition and stroage method were not researched. Methods and Results : Using plant material were cutivated on Gyongsangbukdo Bonghwa area. It were studied ingredient variation after dry and storage condition by HPLC methods. Major ingredient of Angelica gigas Nakai are decurusin, decurusinangelate. Heated air bulk dry get more decursin than natuarl dry and decurusinangelate of natural bulk dry was higher than heated air bulk dry. Major ingredient of Ostericum koreanum Maximowicz are imperatorin and isoimperatorin.. Imperatorin of Ostericum koreanum was highest peak on 50℃ heated-air dry after plastic bag sorage and isoimperatorin was highest peak on 40℃ heated-air dry after mountain cultivation. Imperatorin is a major ingredient Angelica dahurica Bentham et Hooker. Heated air bulk dry get more decursin and decursinangelate than natuarl dry and small heated-air dry. Peucedanol-7o_glucoside is a major ingredient Peucedanum japonicum Thumberg. Natural bulk dry get more peucedanol-7o_glucoside than heated-air bulk dry. Conclusion : Ingredient of Angelica dahurica Bentham et Hooker, Angelica gigas Nakai, Ostericum koreanum Maximowicz are different under various cutivation, drying method, storage. Diffent Ingedients of Angelica gigas Nakai, Ostericum koreanum Maximowicz were not accord it’s optical conditon.