The effect of natural foods, utilizing the extracts or juices of teas(Green tea; Camellia sinesis, Du' thong; Eucommia ulmoides Oliver), medicinal plants(Eu sung cho; Houttuynia cordata Thunb, Sam back cho; Saurus Chinensis, Baek hwa sa seal cho; Oldenladia diffusa Roxb.) seaweeds(Laver; Porphyra tenera, Sea mustard; Undaria pinnatifida, Sea staghorn; Condium fragile) and vegetables(Sweet pepper; Capsicum annuum var. angulosum, Kale; Brassier oleracea var. acephala, Cucumber; Cucumis satiaus, Onion; Album cepa) and fruits(Tomato; Lycopericon esculentum, Maesil; Prunus mume, Plum; Prunus salicina and Grape; Vitis sppJon the inhibition of N-Nitrosodimethylamine(NDMA) formation was investigated from the various conditions. The inhibition effect was observed in vitro using the reaction fluids of pH 1.2, 4.2 and 6.0. )mom the teas and medicinal plants, there was a positive response of NDMA formation; however, from the seaweed extracts, there was a negative response of the inhibition effect of NDMA formation, and as the pH of reaction fluids and the amount of materials increase, the inhibition of NDMA formation was strengthened. The inhibition ratios by the level of pH are as follows: under pH 1.2 vegetable juice were 57.6 99.7% and fruits were 35.9 99.7%; under pH 4.2 vegetable juice were 55.0-97.5% and fruits were 21.3 96.8%. All of the materials observed has been proved and shown the inhibition effect of NDMA formation.

본 연구는 정수처리 공정에서 예상되는 오염물질에 대한 막의 투과성능과 오염현상을 알아보기 위하여 막의 깊이와 운전압력에 따른 압밀화 현상을 검토하였다. 막의 길이와 운전압력이 증가함에 따라 압밀화 현상도 증가하였다. MF막을 오염물질에서 고압(2.0 kg/cm2)과 저압(0.5 kg/cm2)으로 운전할 때, 고압 운전이 막힘현상(clogging)을 가속화 시켜 플럭스를 급격히 감소시키므로 저압 운전이 효과적이다. MF막을 Out-In방식으로 운전하였을 때, 막의 길이와 운전 압력에 관계없이 일정 시간 운전 후 비슷한 플럭스가 나타났다. 미생물 물질에 대한 막오염 현상을 파악하기 위해 중공사막을 강제 오염시킨 후 화학세정을 실시하였다. Biofouling된 막을 화학세정 하였을 때 산화능력이 우수한 H2O2와 NaOCl이 NaOH에 비해 살균능력과 탈착능력이 우수하다는 것을 알 수 있었다.

A survey on the preferences and notion about kimchi and kimchi products was conducted from july to october, 1999 to investigate basic information for increasing the consumption of kimchi for sale. 1,241 subjects of women and men aged 10 to 60 in Kyung-nam area participated in this survey. Most of the subjects made kimchi by themselves at home but this rate of making kimchi at home became lower than past, so increment of consumption of kimchi for sale will be expected in the future. When the people buy kimchi, they considered taste first, and then hygiene, nutrition in order. When they purchase kimchi, more men (69.1%) than women(56%) considered taste, but more women(36.1%) than men(20.6%) considered hygiene first. Subjects aged 30 or older groups considered more the hygiene of kimchi than the subjects of 10~20 age groups did.(p〈0.05) And people of household income over 3 million wons considered more hygiene than people of below 1 million wons income group did. People liked manufactured kimchi the packed with whole or partly transparent material in order to observe the contents.(p〈0.05) They liked better kimchi packed with bottle(46.1%) and vinyl(39.6%) than plastic(14.3%) and this tendency was more in the subjects of women(49.8%) and over 30 age groups.(p〈0.05) They prefered 200~500g packing unit of kimchi whether the family size were big or small. Among the processed kimchi products, men liked better a rice covered up with kimchi, a pot stew with kimchi or a soup with kimchi, On the other hand, women liked better a dumplings with kimchi, a grilled food with kimchi, a pizza with kimchi.(p〈0.05) Subjects aged 10 to 20 years old liked all kinds of kimchi products, but people aged 40 or older disliked them.(p〈0.001)

A survey on the preference of kimchi and actual amounts of kimchi intake conducted from july to october 1999 to get basic information needed for the augmentation of kimchi intake. Total 1,241 of women and men aged 10~60 in kyung-nam area participated in this survey. Except people aged 20~30, all of subjects, especially in people aged 60 and over, liked fresh prepared kimchi best, and then fermented kimchi. But all of subjects disliked over fermented kimchi.(p〈0.001) And women(4.3±0.9) liked better fresh prepared kimchi than men(4.2±1.0), men(4.0±0.9) liked better fermented kimchi than women(3.9±1.1).(p〈0.05) In subjects aged above 40, as age grow up, the preference of fermented kimchi and over fermented kimchi grew lower. All of subjects best liked chinease cabbage kimchi, and then chonggak kimchi, kakdugi, yeulmu kimchi, dongchimi in order. And women liked better nabag kimchi, yeulmu kimchi, sesame leaf kimchi, bek kimchi, cucumber kimchi, godulppegi kimchi than men and men liked better chinease cabbage kimchi, kakdugi, dongchimi than women.(p〈0.05) People aged 10~20 and above 60 disliked chonggag kimchi. The preference of kakdugi were high in people aged 10~20, but as age grow up, the preference of kakdugi became lower.(p〈0.001) The preference of nabak kimchi and dongchimi with juice were significantly high in people aged 60 and over but people aged 10~20 disliked. Also subjects aged 10~20 disliked significantly yeulmu kimchi, sesame leaf kimchi, green onion kimchi, bek kimchi, cucumber kimchi, mustard leaf kimchi and godulppegi kimchi and subjects aged 20~30 disliked significantly yeulmu kimchi, mustard leaf kimchi, godulppegi kimchi(p〈0.001). But subject aged 30 and older liked all kinds of kimchi. The amounts of kimchi intake in Kyung-nam area were same level of average amount(100g) of korean intake but the amounts of kimchi intake of men(106.4±74.0) were more than women(96.9±69.5)(p〈0.05)

쌍끌이중층망은 1993년에 우리 나라에 처음으로 도입된 이후 그 보급이 급속하게 확산되어 현재는 대부분의 온 쌍끌이 기선저인망어선이 중층망을 사용하고 있다. 그런데, 이 어구를 운용함에 있어서 망목의 크기가 12,800mm의 것으로 커지면서 어구현황 및 전개성능에 대한 충분한 연구가 이루어지지 않아서 대상어종 및 해양환경에 따른 어구어법과 운용기술의 정립이 미흡하고, 그물목줄의 가닥수가 많으며 뜸이 그물코에 끼여서 파망이나 안전사고의 원인이 된다는 점이 문제점으로 지적되고 있다. 이와 같은 문제점을 해결하기 위하여 현재 가장 많이 사용되고 있는 최대망목 12,800mm인 중층망의 구조적인 결함을 보완하여 설계한 개량형의 모형망을 제작하여 회류수조에서 그물목줄의 길이와 가닥수 및 침강력의 변화에 따른 어구의 전개성능을 실험한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 그물목줄의 길이는 옆줄에 연결된 2번과 3번 목줄의 길이를 현행의 것에 비하여 약 30%를 더 짧게 한 어구의 전개성능이 약 7% 향상되었다. 2. 그물목줄의 가닥수는 4가닥형이 가장 우수하며, 3가닥형, 2가닥형의 순으로 전개성능이 저하되었다. 특히, 2가닥형의 경우에는 유속이 빨라짐에 따라 옆판의 중앙부가 뒤쪽으로 뚜렷하게 처지는 것이 관찰되었다. 3. 침강력을 크게 할수록 어구의 전개성능은 우수해지며, 그물목줄을 3가닥형, 2가닥형으로 하는 경우는 침강력을 4가닥형일 때의 각각 약 1.5배, 1.6∼l.7배 정도로 크게 해 주어야 기존어구와 같은 전개성능을 나타낼 수 있었다.

Aloe vera 껍질에서 항우식 및 항염증제재를 개발하기 위해 항우식 및 항염증 활성이 있는 물질을 분리, 정제하였고, 활성이 우수한 ethylacetate층을 silica gel column chromatography 및 preparative thin layer chromatography를 통해 두 가지 활성물질을 정제하였다. 정제된 두 가지 물질은 UV spectrum과 FT-IR, ^1H-NMR 및 Mass spectrum 분석을 통해 aloe-emodin과 barbaloin으로 동정하였다.

지리산국립공원 동부지역인 경남하동군 화개면에 위치하는 삼신봉(해발 1,284m) 산림 중 산불이 발생하였던 지역의 식생회복현황을 파악하기 위해 산불이 발생하였던 지역에 20개 조사구 대조지역에 12개 조사구를 설정하고 연구를 수행하였다 산불이 발생하였던 지역에 설정한 20개 조사구를 대상으로 TWINSPAN과 DCA를 분석한 결과 신갈나무군집(I) 신갈나무-쇠물푸레군집(II) 으로 분리되었고 대조지역에 설정한 조사구는 신갈나무군집(II)이었다 군집 I과 군집II에서 교목층과 아교목층의 대부분 수목이 고사상태이었고 관목층에서는 산화후 천이 초기에 나타나는 조록싸리가 우점하고 있었다 상대우점치와 유사도지수를 분석한 결과 산불이 발생하였던 신갈나무군집(I) 신갈나무-쇠물푸레군집(II) 은 대조구인 신갈나무군집(III)과 유사도지수분석에서 유사성이 높았는데 산불발생 이후 피해를 입은 신갈나무가 맹아에 의해 회복속도가 빠른 것으로 추정되었다 Shannon의 종다양도는 산불지역(군집 I,II)에서 각각 0.3259, 0.4727이었고 대조구 (군집III)는 0.1084로 나타났다.

산소 결핍 페라이트 (oxygen deficient ferrites, ODF) MeFe2O4-δ는 약 300˚C의 낮은 온도에서 CO2를 C와 O2로 분해한다. 본 연구에서는 (Nix, Zn1-xFe24 초미세 페라이트 분말을 수열합성법으로 제조하여 CO2 분해특성을 살펴보았다. 제조된 페라이트는 XRD 분석 결과, 페라이트의 전형적인 스피넬 구조를 보여주고 있으며, ICP-AES, EDS 정량분석에 의하여 초기 혼합 조성비와 거의 동일한 조성비로 합성되었음을 알 수 있었다. 제조된 (Ni, Zn)-ferrites 분말의 BET 비표면적은 약 110mg2/g 이상의 큰 값으로 나타났으며, 입자크기는 약 5~10nm로 매우 작았다. 산소결핍 페라이트 (Nix, Zn1-x)Fe2O4-δ</TEX>의 CO2 분해 효율은 조성에 따라 큰 차이를 보이지 않았으며 3원계 (Ni, Zn)-ferrite가 Ni-ferrite보다 더 높았다.

Techniques for manipulation of spermatozoa and oocytes have been widely used for in vitro production(IVP) of Hanwoo. This study was conducted to examine the effects of theophylline and heparin on frozen-thawed Hanwoo sperm for enhancing the efficiency of IVP technique. Oocytes were inseminated with forzen bull semen treated with either theophylline or heparin for examining the effect of each substance on fertilization and subsequent development. More (P<0.05) oocytes formed pronucleus and develop to the morula and blastocyst stages after inseminated with sperm treated with heparin than after inseminated with sperm treated with theophylline. The pregnancy rate after embryo transfer was higher after heparin treatment than after theophylline treatment, but did not differ significantly. There was no significant difference of offspring delivery between two groups. In conculsion, theophylline and heparin can be used for enhancing the efficiency of IVP system for Hanwoo. Considering characteristics of these substance, theophylline may be useful in the artificial insemination system, which requires vigorous sperm motility. While, heparin supporting sperm viability in vitro can be effectively used for improving in vitro-fertilization system.

These experiments were conducted to examine the effects of theophylline, pentoxifylline and heparin on frozen-thawed Hanwoo sperm for enhancing motility and viability of sperm. Frozen-thawed semen collected from one bull was treated in TALP(tyrode-albuminlactate-pyruvate) containing varous concentrations of theophylline and pentoxifylline. After incubated at 5% CO2 in air atmosphere for 6 hours, the motility of sperm after the treatments was characterized by CASA(computer aided semen analysis) system. When monitored notility(MOT) and curvilinear velocity(VCL), theophylline and pentoxifylline exerted their optimal action at the concentration of 30 mM and 3 mM, respectively. No difference of sperm motility was observed when the sperm was treated with both substances compared with a single treatment of each substance. Comparison was then made for evaluating the effect of theophylline and / or pentoxiophylline on the motility and viability of significant treatment effects of each substance, high MOT and VCL values were detected in sperm treated with theophylline. In the case of sperm viability examined by an eosin-nigrosin staining, however, a significant decrease was found after the combined treatment of theophylline+pentoxyphilline than after the treatment with heparin alone or no treatment(P<0.05). In conclusion, theophylline, pentoxiphylline or heparin can be used for enhancing the motional characteristics and viability of frozen thawed Hanwoo semen. Considering characteristics of these substances, theophyline may be useful in the artificial insemination system, which requires vigorous sperm motility. While, heparin supporting sperm viability in vitro can be effectively used for improving in vitro-fertilization system.

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of quiescent treatment of donor cells and activation treatment time of recipient cytoplasm on nuclear remodeling and in vitro development of somatic cell-cloned bovine embryos. Serum starved, confluent and nonquiescent cycling adult skin cells were teansferred into enucleated oocytes. Nuclear transfer oocytes were activated at 30 min, 1 and 2 hrs after electrofusion. Some nuclear transfer embryos(23% to 35%) extruded a polar body, which was not affected by quiescent treatment of donor cells and activiation time of recipient cytoplasm. About 68% of nuclear transfer embryos fused with a serum starved cells has a chromatin clump, but which was not different from embryos fused with confluent(51%) and nonquiescent(47%) cells. The proportion of embryos with a single chromatin clump was sightly increased when nuclear transfer embryos were activated within 30 min after fusion(69%) compared to those were activated at 1 and 2 hrs after fusion, but there was not significantly different. Development rates to the blastocyst stage were 8.6% and 15.9% when serum starved and confluent cells were transferred, which were higher than that of control group. Developmental rate to the blastocyst stage was higher in embryos were activated within 30 min after fusion (17.3%) compared to those of embryos were activated at 1 and 2 hrs after fusion (P<0.05). From the present result, it is suggested that quiescent treatment of donor cells and activation time of recipient cytoplasm can affect the in vitro development. Quiescent plasm activation within 30 min after fusion could increase the number of embryos with a normal chromation structure, which results in increased in vitro development.

1998년 11월부터 1999년 12월까지 13개월 동안 대형 수생식물인 애기부들의 분해와 분해 과정에 따른 각 기관별 영양염류 함량의 변화를 조사하였다. 13개월 후 잎, 줄기, 지하경의 잔존량은 각각 34.7%, 59.2%, 7.2%로 줄기의 분해가 가장 느렸고 지하경의 분해가 빠른 것으로 나타났다. 분해상수는 잎, 줄기, 지하경이 각각 1.06, 0.52, 42.63yr-1이었다. 잎, 줄기, 지하경의 초기 영양염류 함량은 질소 11.5,