‘교실 친화’란 학생 존재의 가능성의 지속적인 계발을 목표로, 교실에서 일어날 수 있는 모든 교사-학생, 학생-학생 상호작용 현상의 이해와 탐구, 실천을 위한 행동양식이며, 교실 친화적 교사란 이러한 행동을 실천하는 교사이다. 초등학교 체육지도교사로서 가져야 할 교실 친화적 특성은 크게 보편적 소임과 특수한 소임으로 나눌 수 있다. 초등학교 체육지도교사로서 가져야 할 보편적 소임은 의미 있는 배움의 경험을 계속적 원리에 따라 조직하는 교사, 학생의 개인적 특성을 파악·이해하는 교사, 충실한 교육활동을 전개하는 교사, 민주 성향을 가진 인격적 촉진자로서의 교사이며, 특수한 소임은 교사 연구자로서의 교사, 체육교육의 통합적 접근을 꾀하는 교사, 스스로 운동을 즐기는 모습을 보여주는 교사, 열정적으로 성장을 추구하는 교사이다. 이와 같은 교실 친화적인 초등학교 체육지도교사를 기르기 위해 교원양성 기관에서는 실천적 지식 형성자로서 교사 연구자를 기르기 위해 현장 교사와의 만남을 정례화하거나, 탐구 능력을 키우는 프로그램을 제공하는 등의 노력을 기울여야 한다. 또한 다양한 재능으로 무장한 교사를 양성하기 위해 인문·철학적 소양을 골고루 기를 수 있는 프로그램을 개발·적용해야 하며, 또한 여러 종류의 운동을 배우고 체험할 수 있는 기회를 제공해야 한다.

Dried leaves from Cedrela sinensis A. Juss. (CS), have been observed to possess various pharmacological activity and contain various antioxidant constituents. The protective effect of ethanol extract of CS on hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced neurotoxicity was examined using primary cultured rat cortical neurons in the present study. Exposure of cultured neurons to 100 μM H2O2 caused a significant neuronal death as assessed by a 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and Hoechst 33342 staining. The addition of CS, over a concentration range of 10 to 50μg/ml, concentration-dependently prevented the H2O2-induced neuronal apoptotic death. CS (50μg/ml) significantly inhibited H2O2-induced elevation of the cytosolic Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]c), which was measured by a fluorescent dye, Fluo-4 AM. CS (30 and 50μg/ml) inhibited glutamate release and generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) induced by 100μM H2O2. These results suggest that CS may mitigate the H2O2-induced neurotoxiciy by interfering with the increase of [Ca2+]c, and then inhibiting glutamate release and generation of ROS in cultured neurons.

The purpose of study was planning to a rural community space plan for revitalization of aging in rural society and activity of rural older adults. The rural community type was divided 5 categories by local topography characteristics and road system. According to 5 categories, the rural community space plan was consisted of space plan such as consideration for a rural topography characteristics and activity plan by space which analyzed a relations with rural resource and activity of rural older adults. Results from the rural community planning showed that to improve quality of life and to increase in economic productive activity for rural older adults, moreover to lead a retired oppidan migrate from city to country and to make full use of oppidan's intellectual capacity resource.

그 동안 우리는 흔히 체육을 ‘기능중심교과’라는 말로 지칭하여 왔다. 이런 인식 때문에 초․중․고등학교 체육의 목표와 내용뿐만 아니라 평가에 이르기까지 운동기능은 핵심적으로 지도되고 평가되어 왔다. 체육과 목표에도 가장 핵심적으로 운동 기능 습득이 그 위치를 차지하고 있고, 내용 체계표를 보아도 해당 활동 및 스포츠 종목의 기능을 익힌다는 내용이 언제나 중심적인 위치를 차지하고 있다(안양옥, 2004; 유정애, 2005). 이는 ‘체육적 기능을 통하여 체․덕․지를 고루 갖춘 ‘전인적’ 인간을 양성 한다‘는 이상적인 교육적 가치 목표와 상반되는 것으로 체육교육에 대한 일반인들의 고질적인 편견과 오해를 고착화 시키는 결정적인 원인이 되어왔다. 그러나 체육교과는 단순히 기능만을 가르치고 습득하는 교과가 아니다. 신체활동 속에 내재되어 있는 다양한 가치를 추구하고 이를 통하여 건강 및 체력, 스포츠맨십과 공동체의식, 창의적이고 합리적인 사고력, 신체문화 인식 등의 능력을 갖춘 인간을 육성하는 교과인 것이다. 이러한 체육교과의 특성과 의미가 잘 드러나도록 시도한 것이 차기 체육과 교육과정이라할 수 있다. 결국 이것은 기존의 ’운동기능 중심‘의 단편적 가치존중 패러다임에서 ’다양한 신체활동‘의 통합적 가치를 존중하는 패러다임으로의 전향적(前向的)’인 변화를 시도하는 매우 중대하고 의미 있는 작업이라 볼 수 있는 것이며, 또한 과거 중등체육 위주의 내용구조와 논리가 지배적으로 작용해 왔던 초등학교 체육교육과정의 참다운 정체성을 되살려 초등 체육교육의 정상화를 마련 할 수 있는 문서적 가능성을 제시하였다고 볼 수 있다. 이에 본 글은 지난 2005년 1차 개정작업을 거쳐 얼마 전 수정보완 작업과 공청회를 마친 차기 체육과 교육과정의 문서를 바탕으로 이에 대한 각 영역별 개정 내용의 분석과 그에 담긴 일반적 의미 및 초등체육(1-6학년)에 관련된 의의를 중심으로 기술하고자 한다.

Rural landscape is essential resources to reinvigorate rural tourism and local economy. The objective of this study is to apply the methodology that can assess landscapes of many rural villages based on the data of Rural Amenity Resource Survey. Above all, to make the data of rural amenity resources survey appropriate for landscape assessment, that was reclassified into 4 landscape resource and 12 lower items. Secondly, 4 evaluation standards of rural landscape; weight of landscape resources, weight of lower items, evaluation of lower items as the number, and evaluation of management condition was established by questionnaire survey. Thirdly, the evaluation standards was applied to case study area; Jug-Goc Myeon, Goc-Seong county, Jeollanamdo. Finally, this result was compared with the other result that management condition was not included in, and the villages that were urgent to improve management condition were selected. As a result, water resource and management condition have great effects on the total quality of rural landscape. Therefore, there are many villages that have peat potentials although that indicates low quality of landscape, now.

Due to the dramatic industrialization in Korea, rural area has been degraded with incurable problems including community aging, emptying and liabilities overburdens. Rural amenity, the intangible resources that the rural area itself has, is regarded as a breakthrough that can revitalize the rural communities. In fact, the rural area and communities have lots of amenity resources that have been overlooked. Rural area has kept traditions and open green spaces which are highlighted in these days since the life quality has been upgraded and working days in a week was cut off to 5 days. Institute of Rural Resources Development realized the importance of rural amenities and offered the nation wide survey project for rural amenity resources. In this article, the survey project that was implemented by the Korean Society of Rural Planning was narrated in terms of methodologies and procedures. Also the results and the problems were addressed.

The textile remains have been affected largely by environmental factors including microorganisms because they were composed of organic compounds to be easy to damage. So, we selected 8 strains of the 131 isolated strains from museum environments and textile remains by high protease activity, and identified them for measuring the antibacterial activity of Gingko biloba extracts. They were identified Genus Arthrobacter spp. 3 strains (Arthrobacter nicotiannae A12, Arthrobacter sp B12, Arthrobacter oxidans B13), Genus Bacillus spp. 2 strains (Bacillus licheniformis D9, Bacillus cereus D33), Genus Pseudomonas spp. 2 strains (Pseudomonas putida A24, Pseudomonas fluorescene C21) and a Genus Staphylococcus sp. 1 strain (Staphylococcus pasteuri D3) as closest strains through the blast search of NCBI. Though antibacterial activity of the extracts of Gingko biloba leaves as MIC was lower than that of other pharmaceutical antibiotics. However the extracts was crude extracts, the extracts might have good antibacterial against most of the isolates from museum. Especially, the antifungal activity of Gingko biloba is known previously, the extracts of Gingko biloba leaves has possibility of usage as a good natural material for conservation of remains.

This study aimed at derivation of planning factors and applicable planning factors of residential environment for the elderly in Korean rural village in the more detailed level. Literature review, questionnaire and depth interview with the elderly of case rural villages keeping face with investigation of residential environment was carried out for the derivation of planning factors. Study of related legal factors and interviewing with experts for advice was conducted also for the verification and complement of planning factors. The goal of this study was improvement of residential environment for the elderly or existing rural village not the new one and planning factors was intended to include all the considerable elements. Planing factors was classified two groups which were factors of village outdoor and the inside and outside of a house. The former was also divided into spacial factors and facilities factors and the latter was divided into inside factors and outside factors. The results may contribute to improving residential environment for rural elderly with relation of health and medical service.

From sludge of S municipal wastewater treatment plant in Busan, Korea, we isolated the denitrifier DN-9 which showed the ability of denitrification under aerobic condition by the color change and gas formation in liquid culture with Giltay medium. The isolated strain was identified as Pseudomonas sp. DN-9 on the basis of the morphological, physiological, biochemical and nucleotide sequence analysis of 16S rRNA. The isolated strain, Pseudomonas sp. DN-9, has cytochrome cd1 nirS of nitrite reductase. By the co-existance of additional ammonium and nitrate ion, the strain was not affected largely on growth in SL series broth. It seemed the result of denitrification. Although Pseudomonas sp. DN-9 has a good nitrate reduction activity under aerobic condition, the activity is less than Pseudomonas stutzeri in same cultivation condition. However, Escherichia coli had little the activity of aerobic denitrification and Pseudomonas putida showed lower activity of aerobic denitrification than Pseudomonas sp. DN-9 and Pseudomonas stutzeri in this study.

곰취 (Ligularia fischeri)는 전국의 심산수림이나 비옥 습윤한 초생지에 자생하는 다년생 초본으로 chamomile, jacobine및 ameleme등의 약리성분이 함유되어 있으며 잎의 생즙과 가열즙은 항암효과가 우수한 것으로 알려져 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 이러한 곰취의 식품화 이용가치를 증진시키고 이를 이용한 가공식품제조에 관한 연구를 수행하였다. 곰취의 품질특성을 조사한 결과 섬유소의 경우 0.56 g/100 g 함유되어 있

The purpose of this study is to propose the principle of rural village planning process based on rural resources, differently space planning process(regional planning, village planning, urban planning etc). The importance of this planning process is resources planning, facility planning, program planning. So we planed rural villages - two rural traditional theme villages. The major findings of this planning were as follows; First, we have to consider economic value of rural resources. Second, resources were used differently, according to village conditions, though same it. It is important to apply value-added it. Third, in future we have to additional studies; environment planning factor, community participation, resources evaluation in this planning.

In Korea, rural community has been becomming unstable by declining of agriculture. In order to solve this problem, there were some trials to activate rural communities by maintaining rural amenities. But, it is difficult to use rural amenities as a development factor to promote rural communities because there are few researches about quantifying rural amenities. In this study, a method fer quantifying rural amenities is suggested using database normalization technique. Previous thirty seven surveying items of rural amenity resources are formally reduced to five common surveying items, seven resources, and eleven surveying tables. Finally, big picture of rural amenity resource map with surveying data for rural development is suggested.

The expansion of demand associated with leisure, which has resulted from the elevated standard of living, has made the domestic tourist demand diversified. Recently, people, especially urban population, show the higher interest and need for environmentally friendly rural tourism. This study aims to grasp the utilization of recreation roles of tourist farms and then to evaluate the economic value for recreation roles of tourist farm using Traveling Cost Method. Data were collected from a survey in 2003. The results show that its value is 62,037 won per head annually and so the tourist farms play their role of connecting the urban population with rural amenity.

A species of facultative photo-organotrophic, purple, non-sulfur bacterium was isolated from the 47 point at west and south coast of Korea in September 2001. Separated 13 samples of changes with red color under 28～32 ℃, 3000 lux, anaerobe conditions for 7 days cultivated in basal medium. For pure isolation from 13 samples, we used agar-shake tube method (0.4 % agar) and separated 5 strains through 13-repetition test. EGH-24 and EGH-30 was identified as the same strain through the RAPD(Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA)-PCR of strain EGH-9, EGH-13, EGH-23, EGH-24, EGH-30. Four isolates cultivated in synthesis wastewater for wastewater biodegradation test. EGH-24 was selected with efficient wastwater treating strain. Based on the results obtained from morphology, nutrient requirements, major bacteriochlorophyll content, 16S-rDNA phylogenetic analysis, EGH-24 strain may be identified as a new strain of the genus Rhodobacter and named Rhodobacter sp. EGH-24.