This study was carried out to select new pelleting binder and material for seeds from Fraxinus rhynchophylla Hance and Alnus sibirica Fisch. ex Turcz. The optimum treatments of the various concentrations and species of priming agents to improve seed germination of both woody medicinal plants were also estimated. Germinability was increased when the seeds of Fraxinus rhynchophylla Hance was soaked in -1.0 MPa of PEG6000 solution at 15℃ for 4 days significantly, the optimum treatment for improving germination of Alnus sibirica Fisch. ex Turcz was observed when the tested seeds was soaked in 100 mM of KCl at 15℃ for 4 days. The influence of physical and chemical properties of pelleting solid materials, the mixture of gypsum, diatomaceous earth, dalma ceramic and vermicuolite (6:1:1:1 ratio) were found as the best pelleting materials for Fraxinus rhynchophylla Hance and Alnus sibirica Fisch. ex Turcz. seeds. To satisfy the requirements of absorption and compatibility for multi-layer seed pelleting, SGPA (Starch-grafted cross-linked polyacrylates) hydrogel was prepared using starch, acrylonitrile, ceric ammonium nitrate, nitric acid, methyl alcohol and potassium hydroxide. The resulting SGPA hydrogel showed high water absorption but not plant compatibility. It suggested that seed pelleting using pelleting materials and SGPA hydrogel (multi-layer coating) after priming agent treatment is to increase germinability and seedling growth and it can reduced irrigation labours and can also save seed.

In this study the progressive collapse behaviors of helical buildings were evaluated by nonlinear static and dynamic analysis. 36-story diagrid buildings with twist angles of 0, 90 and 180 degrees were designed as analysis model and progressive collapse analyses were carried out by removing first-story columns. The analysis results showed that helical buildings designed per current design codes generally had enough resistance to progressive collapse caused by the sudden loss of corner columns in the diagrid system.

This study was carried out to utilize the byproducts (flower, immature and mature berry, leaf and stem) of ginseng. Yield of byproducts were 32.7±9.8g in flower, 68.2±2.2g in immature berry, 48.5±4.3g in mature berry, 316.2±20.5g in leaf, and 296.6±15.4g in stem per 3.3m2 (180×90cm, ginseng root 675.5±35.7g/drybasis. The total saponin contents of ginseng byproducts and root are 52.36±1.24, 68.71±1.98, 168.89±0.57, 68.26±1.32, 7.85±0.61 and 35.08±0.96 mg/g, respectively. The main ginsenoside of all byproducts was Re and the highest content was 132.23±1.56 mg/g in mature berry. But flower and berry was not detected Rf and Rh1, respectively. Total polyphenolic compound content on mature berry was the highest, 2.242±0.140%, after, immature berry 〉 leaf 〉 flower 〉 root 〉 stem order. The DPPH radical scavenging activity on mature berry was the highest, 0.115±0.004 mg/mL(IC50), and the others were the same order of polyphenolic compound and ginsenoside content on byproducts.

This study was carried out to investigate the physicochemical characteristics of 3-year-old ginseng (for Samgyetang product) cultured by various seeding density in direct-sowing culture. Ginsengs were cultured by the seeding density, 275, 300, 330 352 and 396 seeds per Kan, 180×90cm area. Survived rate (82.1%) were the highest in plot of 352 seeds sowed, length and leaf width were high in plot of 300 and 352 seeds. Root yield grain was increased with increase of the seeding density in direct-sowing culture except 352 seeds sowed. Average root weight and diameter were the highest in plot of 352 seeds sowed, 31.6 g and 18.4 mm, respectively. Crude saponin and each ginsenosides content were the highest in plot of 275 seeds sowed. Rg1 content was decreased, Rc and Rb2 content were increased with increase of the seeding density. Total soluble sugar content was the highest in plot of 330 seeds sowed and the lowest in plot of 396 seeds sowed, and oligo- and disaccaride content were high in plot of 330 and 352 seeds sowed. Reological characteristics of ginsengs cultivated according to various seeding density, hardness and springness were high and maximum fracture force was low with decrease of the seeding quantity.

The vegetated porous pavement can be installed as an alternative way to replace the traditional pavement, which contributes less to the water circulation system in the urban area. This study aims to an investigation based on the shadow and pressure of the vehicle system, where the turfgrass get grown and the green block get constructed on the grassy parking lot. This study might achieve these conclusions, in the case of use ‘green block’ makes grass parking lot, plant a kind of ‘zenith’ and takes sod thickness 40 mm are more efficient for turfgrass growth in the early times. In the case of parking over 8 hours in a day, after 5 weeks turfgrass growth would come into reduce. So over 4 hours parking and after 9 weeks, we need consider to setting up green block in grassy parking lot. The grassy ground would get pressured by the vehicles’ load and it would bring into some damage due to the load after 3 weeks. So we should put the grass’s growth root point under the designed a top of ‘green block’ level. When the vehicle amounts and parking density is in a low level, it could be an environmentally friendly product.

자기장은 인간과 동식물에서의 생리적 과정 변화에 영향을 주고 있다. 이것은 자기장이 세포, 분자, 원자와 원자핵에까지 영향을 미쳐 생물체의 활성화에 반응하도록 유발시키는 것이다. 특히 N극은 세포의 활성화를 촉진시켜 현재 한의학과 대체의학에서 치료제로 이용되고 있다.이에 본 연구는 활성화에 영향을 주는 자기장의 N극을 이용하여 덩굴 식물생육을 촉진시켜 조기 녹화 및 선재배를 위한 용기제작을 목적으로 본 실험을 진행하였다. 또한 자기장의 세기에 대하여 도입 가능한 자석의 세기를 살펴보고자 하였다. 이러한 연구결과 중자기장(1,200G)이 초장과 엽수, 근장, 건물률에서 유의성 있는 차이를 보여주며 가장 왕성한 생육을 한 것으로 나타났다. 특히 자기장이 길이 생장과 엽수의 증가는 피복도를 높일 수 있어 덩굴식물에 효과적인 것으로 사료된다. 또한 실험결과 생장뿐만 아니라 건물률도 높게 나타나 충실한 생장을 한 것으로 나타났다. 이는 실험에서 고온의 여름철 중자기장의 실험구에서 엽수의 고사율이 적은 것도 이러한 충실도가 높기 때문인 것으로 판단된다. 이와 같이 자기장으로 인한 덩굴식물의 초장과 엽수의 생육 촉진은 피복시간을 단축시키며 피복율을 높일 수 있는 효과적인 방안이 될 수 있을 것이다. 이는 플랜터 형태의 선재배 방식에 활용하여 덩굴식물의 조기 출하를 할 수 있을 뿐만 아니라 일반적인 덩굴식물 식재에 있어서도 제한된 인공지반 및 용기에서 덩굴 식물 생육촉진을 위한 방안으로 자기장의 도입이 가능할 것이며 이는 적은 비용으로 지속적인 생육촉진 효과를 볼 수 있을 것이다. 본 연구에서는 수종과 장소 등의 한계가 있었으나 공시식물 모두에서 동일한 결과를 얻어 자기장이 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 덩굴식물의 생육촉진 방안으로 자기장의 활용가능성을 마련하였다. 그러나 추후 자기장과 식물 생리에 관한 구체적인 상호 작용 원리에 대한 연구가 진행되어야 할 것이다.

This study aims to measure and to analyze the characteristics of thermal environment of the various permeable pavement materials such as a break stone pavement (Green block cubic), soil protection pavement (Soil tector), soil cement pavement and ceramic brick pavement under the summer outdoor environment. The thermal environment characteristics measured in the study includes the changes of surface temperature during the day, and long and short wave radiation of each pavement surface. The experimental condition is based on the data on the hottest temperature (August 9, 2006, 37.1℃) of the year. The albedo was the highest on the break stone pavement(0.8) from 12:00 to 14:00. The albedo of the ceramic brick pavement, a soil tector pavement and soil cement pavement were 0.35, 0.29 and 0.27 from 12:00 to 14:00, respectively. The peak surface temperature and long wave radiation was the highest on the soil protection pavements(56.6℃/627 W/m2). The peak surface temperatures and long wave radiation on the ceramic brick pavement, a stone brick pavement and soil cement pavement were 51.7℃/627 W/m2, 48.8℃/607 W/m2 and 45.9℃/582 W/m2, respectively. The heat environment was better on the break stone pavement than on the other pavements. This is mainly due to the high albedo of the break stone pavement(0.8) while the albedo value of a ceramic brick pavement, a soil tactor pavement and soil cement pavement were 0.35. 0.29 and 0.27. Large heat capacity(2,629 kJ/㎥․K) of the stone brick pavements also contributes to this difference. The heat environment was better on the soil cement pavement than the soil tector pavement. This is mainly due to the evaporation of the soil cement pavement while the active evaporation of the soil tactor pavement was not continued after two days from the rainfall event. To improve the thermal environments in the urban area, it is recommended to raise the albedo of the pavements by brightening the surface color of the pavement materials. Further studies on the pavement materials and the construction methods which can enhance the continuous evapotranspiration from the pavements surface are needed.

제주도에 자생하는 부채 선인장인 백년초의 기원 규명을 목적으로 ITS primer를 이용하여 685 bp의 ITS 영역을 분리하였다. ITS 영역의 염기서열을 분석한 결과 18S rRNA의 길이는 54 bp, 26S rRNA는 55 bp, ITS1은 193 bp, ITS2는 220 bp로 구성되어 있었다. 백년초 ITS 영역은 기존에 보고된 Cucurbitoideae 식물들의 ITS 영역에 비하여 ITS2 스페이서 영역의 239-254 bp보다는 다소 짧았다. 그러나 이들 스페이서 영역의 GC 함량은 백년초의 경우 ITS1은 66.8%, ITS2의 경우에는 67.7%로 Cucurbitoideae 식물들에서 보다 높은 GC 함량을 나타내었다. 백년초 선인장의 rDNA 영역에 가장 높은 상동성을 나타낸 것은 같은 Opuntioideae에 속하는 Pereskiopsis porteri(L78037)로 95%의 유사도를 나타내었다. 백년초 rDNA Clustal W 프로그램을 이용하여 유연관계를 조사한 결과 같은 Opuntioideae에 속하는 Pereskiopsis porteri(L78037)와 같은 cluster로 분리되었다.

23종의 천연 자생물의 ethanol 추출물에 대한 항산화 및 항균활성을 비교하였다. Hydrogen radical 소거능으로 측정한 항산화 활성은 유근피가 99.72%로 가장 높았으며, 율무 > 가지 > 삼지구엽초 순으로 높았다. DPPH에 의한 전자공여능을 측정한 결과, 오배자 추출물의 전자공여능은 70.33%로 매우 높았고, 피마자 > 가지 > 유근피 추출물이 높은 활성을 보여주었다. 또한 Paper disk diffusion법에 의해 측정한 항균활성은 오배자 추출물이 모든 균종에서 가장 강한 항균활성 (16.0-19.0 mm)을, 솔잎, 결명자, 세신, 은행 추출물 순으로 모든 균종에서 9.5-11.5 mm 정도의 항균활성을 나타내었다. 약쑥은 Listeria monocytogenes 종을 제외한 실험균주에서 9.0-10.0 mm의 높은 항균성을 보였다. 삼백초는 Bacillus subtilus, Stapylococcus aureus, Escherchia coli, Samonella entetotidis의 균종에서 선택적인 항균활성을 나타내었다. 따라서 23종 자생식물자원의 항산화활성과 항균효과를 비교한 결과, 유근피, 가지, 피마자, 오배자, 솔잎이 hydrogen radical 소거능, DPPH에 의한 전자공여능, 항균효과가 매우 높은 식물자원으로 확인할 수 있었다.

This study aimed at establishing the multi-ranged approach on data acquisition technique for rural landscape planning, which tried categorization, grading and transferring of landscape elements in the more detailed level. For the systematic management of database for the topographic informations in the village level, a kind of the aerial photographing techniques with UAV(Unmanned Aerial Vehicle) was used and its resultant data for the landscape simulation of the rural village, which in turn helped the convenient approach to understanding of its comprehensive spatial structure. The image data from aerial photography was systematically processed through; First, after revision of the distorted one, the image map was adjusted with the topographical and cadastral maps. Second, the farm houses and buildings, and other facilities difficult to find out in the topographical map was digitally read from the adjusted image. The topographical landscape view of rural village was simulated on the base of DEM(Digital Elevation Model) and the 3-dimensional shapes of farm houses and buildings were automatically modelled using the input system developed by the author. In conclusion, the aerial image information adjusted with the edited maps could give more intuitive and detailed villagescape than the ordinary one and through landscape simulation of the rural village, its topography, features of houses/buildings and spatial distribution of land uses were effectively reproduced. And, by the linkage between field survey and photographed/simulated results of the typical landscape elements using hyper-link method, it would be expected to develop as an effective visualization technique of rural landscape.