This study compared and analyzed the antioxidant effect of Doenjang prepared from vegetable water, and explored the optimal addition ratio of vegetables of 5 kinds and the possibility of application to Doenjang. The sample is three kinds of vegetable water (VW1, VW2, VW3) prepared by adding different ratios of radish, carrot, green onion, onion and shiitake mushroom and Denjang prepared using it. Doenjang was aged and fermented at about 40°C for 40 days, and then separated and used only solids. The content of their antioxidant compounds was measured the content of total phenolic acid contents and total flavonoid contents. In addition, the antioxidant effect was measured by electron donating activity, SOD-like activity, ABTs radical scavenging activity and reducing power. The total phenolic acid contents and total flavonoid contents were high at VW3 and that Doenjang made with VW3. Electron donating activity and SOD-liked activity were high at VW2 and Doenjang made with VW2. ABTs radical scavenging activity was high in Doenjang made of VW3, and Reducing power was high in VW3. Therefore, if Doenjang is prepared with vegetable water prepared by properly mixing 5 types of vegetables, the possibility of developing Doenjang with high antioxidant effect was suggested.

The purpose of this study was to compare the quantitative and qualitative assessment of dietary intake between patients with metabolic syndrome (MetS) and healthy subjects and to investigate dietary factors related to MetS. Anthropometric measurements, blood analysis, and dietary intake as assessed by 24-hour recall were conducted in MetS patients (n=15) and healthy subjects (n=25). In order to assess the quantity and quality of dietary intake, daily nutrient intake, nutrient density, nutrient intake to dietary reference intake (DRI), nutrient adequacy ratio (NAR), food intake, dietary diversity score (DDS), and dietary variety score (DVS) were analyzed. The statistical differences between MetS patients and controls were analyzed using the SAS software program. Daily energy intake and food intake were not significantly different between the two groups (2,154.3 kcal vs. 1,872.9 kcal; 1,280.0 g vs. 1,261.6 g). There were also no significant differences in daily nutrient intake, nutrient intake ratio to DRI, NAR, or DVS between the MetS group and the control group. However, daily intake of eggs and milk in MetS patients was significantly lower than in the control group (9.0 g/day vs. 30.3 g/day, p<0.05; 0 g/day vs. 49.7 g/day, p<0.05). These results indicate that low intake of eggs and dairy products may be related to the development of MetS.

In previous studies, we performed joint animal studies and clinical trials between Yonsei University and Oryza Oil & Fat Chemical Co. Ltd. We have shown that coffee bean extract has potent anti-obesity and hypotriglyceridemic activities as well as beneficial effects on body fat reduction.In this study, the effects of coffee bean extract (100 mg/capsule) on body fat reduction were evaluated in overweight/obese women (body mass index of 25~30 kg/m2 or body fat 〉 30%) not diagnosed with any type of disease. Subjects were randomly assigned to a coffee bean extract group (n=10) or placebo group (n=10). We measured anthropometric parameters, abdominal fat distribution by computed tomography and blood components before and after the 8week intervention period. After supplementation, the coffee bean extract group showed body weight (p=0.08), body mass index (p=0.06), hip circumference (p〈0.05), and upper waist circumference (p〈 0.01). In addition, after 8 weeks, the coffee bean extract group showed a significant decrease in abdominal internal fat area compared to 0 weeks (0 weeks : 155.8cm2; 8 weeks : 145.9cm2, δ change : -9.9cm2, respectively). However, there were no significant differences in lipid profiles or serological measurements between the coffee bean extract group and placebo group. The results of our human study demonstrated that coffee bean extract supplementation for 8 weeks has beneficial effects on reducing abdominal internal fat area as well as hip and waist circumferences.

The purpose of present study was to analyze mineral contents in various tissues and investigate theirs relation with bone mineral density (BMD) in rats. Fifteen Sprague-Dawley rats were fed standard diet for 4 weeks. Body weight gain, feed intake, and feed efficiency ratio were 41.00 g/week, 171.15 g/week, and 0.24 respectively. Among 12 minerals in serum, Ca is the highest with 6.86 mg/dl. Serum Mg, Se, and Cu were 2.52 mg/dl, 0.23 mg/dl and 0.22 mg/dl respectively. Mg contents in liver, spleen, and kidney were 246.36 μg/g, 105.01 μg/g, and 273.38 μg/g respectively. Tibia contents of Ca, Mg, Zn, Fe and V were 194.91 mg/g, 23.10 mg/g, 0.60 mg/g, 0.35 mg/g and 0.14 mg/g respectively. BMDs of right tibia and spine were 122.04 mg/cm2 and 153.61 mg/cm2. There were significantly positive correlations between tibia BMD and Se (p<0.05), tibia BMD and V (p<0.01), spinal BMD and V(p<0.05), respectively. It's expected that these results are used as a reference data in following study to elucidate physiological function of minerals.

This study was performed to investigate the effect of Lycii fructus beer on serum lipid profiles and antioxidant activity in rat Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats weighting about 190g were divided into the following 5 groups ; distillate water (Control), 5% ethanol in distillate water (Ethanol), commercial beer (CB), Lycii fructus beer (LFB) and 5% alcohol red wine diluted with distillate water (RW). Body weight, total food intake, FER and percent organ (liver, kidney) weight per body weight were not significantly changed by Lycii fructus beer drinking. After 6 weeks, serum total cholesterol, triglyceride and HDL cholesterol level were not significantly different. But, Lycii fructus beer intake tended to decrease serum triglyceride level and atherogenic index. Also, GOT and GPT levels were expressed lower than Ethanol group. There was not significantly different in hepatic glutatiione (GSH) content and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) activities among 5 groups. Lipid peroxidation in the hepatic was decreased by Lycii fructus beer intake. The results demonstrated that Lycii fructus beer was potential and effective antioxidant that can protect the decrease associated with alcohol.

To evaluate the effect of cereal supplementation on children's iron nutritional status of Korean institutionalized was designed. Dietary survey was carried out methods of food weighting in the breakfast or/and dinner, and record interview in lunch (n=74). A nutritional intervention study was carried out through supplementing cereal for 4 weeks in 24 children of 1 institution from 4 to 12 years. The children received 3.6mg elemental Fe(as 100g cereal) per day. Blood samples were drawn before and after supplementation. Nutrients which children's intake was less than two-thirds of Korean RDA were Vit A, Vit B1, Vit B2, Ca and Fe. The mean daily intakes of iron were 5.1mg for male and 4.9mg for female and 52.3% for male and 45.4% for female of Korean RDA. The proportions of children with iron depletion assessed by TIBC(>360mg/dl) and serum ferritin(<20ng/ml) were 56.6% and 58.7%, respectively. The proportions of children with the iron deficient erythropoiesis assessed by serum iron(<70ml/dl), Hb(<12g/dl), and Hct(<36%) were 76.0%, 58.7%, and 64.0%, respectively. After cereal supplementation, in anemic children, levels of Hct(p<0.001), serum iron(p<0.001) and transferrin saturation(p<0.001) were significantly increased. The effect of cereal supplementation in children with iron deficient erythropoeisis was more effective to improve the iron nutritional status than children with iron depletion. It was concluded that cereal supplementation program in anemic children was also effective to improve iron nutritional status.

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of physical properties and antioxidant activities of the beer made by Lycii fructus for development of functional beer. Physical properties such as Brix˚, pH and hunter values were determined and compared with commercial beer. L(lightness) value was not significant difference among beer, although a(redness) and b(yellowness) values were higher in Lycii fructus beer than those of the commercial beer. Total phenolic acid contents were 0.790 mg/mL in Lycii fructus beer and 0.603 mg/mL in commercial beer. Electron donatin ability was 93% in Lycii fructus beer and 87% in commercial beer. Lycii fructus beer showed higher SOD-liked activities than in the commercial beer. The relative antioxidant effects of the Lycii fructus beer showed 19% inhibitory effect on the peroxidation of egg yolk lecithin.

생 찐솔잎에 콩기름과 올리브유를 첨가하여 추출한 솔잎추출유의 저장기간에 따른 산패도를 측정하였고 솔잎추출유를 김에 발라 제조한 맛김에 대한 관능검사 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 저장기간에 따른 중량변화 측정 결과, 콩기름은 14일째 생 찐 솔잎추출유는 21일째 생 찐 올리브유 솔잎추출유는 14일부터 중량이 서서히 증가하여 28일에 중량이 가장 크게 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 2. TBARS 생성량도 저장기간 14일째 콩기름에 비해 콩기름에 생 찐 솔잎을 첨가할 경우 TBARS의 함량이 유의적으로 낮았고, 28일째 올리브유도 생 찐솔잎을 첨가할 경우 TBARS의 함량이 유의적으로 낮게 나타났다. 3. 지방산 산화의 2차 생성물은 aqueous layer에서 저장기간에 따라 감소하였고 특히 14일째에 다른 추출유에 비해 콩기름이 크게 감소한 것으로 나타났다. 한편 organic layer는 저장기간 14일째 콩기름에서 가장 크게 증가하였고 솔잎을 첨가할 경우 유의적으로 감소한 것으로 나타났다. 올리브유의 경우도 솔잎을 첨가한 올리브 솔잎 추출유에서 2차 생성물이 감소한 것으로 나타났다. 4. 제조된 생 찐 솔잎 추출유를 김에 발라 7점 기호척도법을 이용하여 관능검사를 실시한 결과 향, 맛 그리고 전반적인 기호도 모두 유의적인 차이가 나타나지 않아 솔잎추출유를 김에다 바를 경우 거부감을 주지 않는 것으로 조사되었다. 이상의 결과 솔잎에 콩기름과 올리브유를 첨가하여 추출한 솔잎추출유는 원유보다 산화에 대해 안정한 것으로 나타났고, 이를 이용한 맛김도 좋은 것으로 평가되어 솔잎추출유의 식품에 이용 가능성이 시사되었다.

Oxidative stress is believed to play an important role in the development of vascular complications associated with diabetes mellitus. We examined the antioxidative effect of sesamin and sesamolin on the preventing the development of insulin dependent diabetes mellitus using streptozotocin-induced Sprague Dawley diabetic rats. From 48 hours after injection of streptozotocin (60 mg/kg body weight), a portion of diabetic rats were fed with 0.2% sesamin and sesamolin containing diet for 3 weeks. There were significant differences of blood glucose and kidney weight between diabetic ports and control. Sesamin and sesamolin increased glutathione-S-transferase activity in kidney. The concentration of the thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances in the serum, liver, and kidney of diabetic rats administered sesamin and sesamolin decreased significantly as compared with that of the non-treated diabetic group. Dietary sesamin and sesamolin suppressed the oxidative stress in the diabetic rats. These results demonstrated that sesamin and sesamolin are potential and effective antioxidants that can protect the complications associated with diabetes.