This study aimed to evaluate the germination characteristics, -glucan and antioxidant contents, and antioxidant activity of naked oat according to germination temperature (20, 25, and 30oC) and time (24, 48, and 72 h). Sprout length was highest at 25oC, and the rotten degree was increased as the germination temperature and time increased. The -glucan content of naked oat increased after 24 h of germination at all temperatures and then decreased by 72 h of germination. Total polyphenol content, flavonoid content, and antioxidant activity increased as the germination temperature and time increased.

This study investigated optimal extraction conditions for applying Capsicum annuum L. leaf as a functional food resource. Capsicum annuum L. leaf was extracted at different extraction solvents (water and 95% ethanol), extraction temperatures (80oC and 100oC), and e xtraction times ( 30, 60, and 9 0 min), a nd t he extracts were e valuated for extraction yield, luteolin content as a major flavonoid component, antioxidant activity, and α-glucosidase inhibitory activity. The extraction yield, luteolin content, DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities, and α-glucosidase inhibitory activity of the hot water extract were higher than those of the ethanol extract. In evaluating the extraction temperature of Capsicum annuum L. leaf, the antioxidant activities were similar, but the extraction yields, luteolin contents, and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities were higher at 100oC extraction. In evaluating the extraction time of Capsicum annuum L. leaf, extraction yield increased as the extraction time increased, but antioxidant activity and α-glucosidase inhibitory activity were the highest at 60 min of extraction. These results suggest that the optimum extraction conditions of Capsicum annuum L. leaf are hot water for 60 min at 100oC, and the extracts can be used as a functional food resource.

This study examined the nutrient intake of Korean adults by considering the lunch type, categorized as home meals (HM), eating out (EO), and institutional meals (IM). Data was obtained from the 2019 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES). Totally, 3,786 adults (1,643 men, and 2,143 women) aged between 19-64 years were included in the study. Subjects with daily energy intake of less than 500 kcal or over 5,000 kcal, and those who skipped lunch, were excluded. The percentage of subjects in the HM, EO, and IM were 31.9, 53.6, and 14.4%, respectively. The daily energy intakes of the HM, EO, and IM groups were determined to be 2,185, 2,360, and 2,339 kcal, respectively, in men, and 1,622, 1,731, and 1,741 kcal, respectively, in women. Among the three groups, men in the EO group had more intake of fat, saturated fat, cholesterol, sodium, and riboflavin, and less dietary fiber, and whereas women consumed more fat and less dietary fiber and potassium. In the IM group, the men consumed more dietary fiber, potassium, and thiamine, whereas consumption of carbohydrate, unsaturated fatty acid, sodium, potassium, and thiamine was more in women. Energy contributions of carbohydrate, protein, and fat were all within the AMDR (acceptable macronutrient distribution ranges) for all lunch types, except for the percent of energy provided from saturated fat in EO (7.4% in men, and 8.2% in women). Our results indicate that the dietary habit of frequently eating out increases the fat intake, thereby resulting in increased health risks for adults. Thus, implementation of a nutritional education program to encourage balanced dietary habits is required to improve the nutritional status of individuals eating out.

This study aimed to assess the association between the weight status and dietary behavior of preschool children. The survey included 412 preschool children aged 2-5 years in 31 childcare facilities in Gwangju. General characteristics of children and their mothers, weight, height, feeding type, complementary feeding, food allergy, and dietary behavior of children based on the Nutrition Quotient for preschoolers (NQ-P) questionnaire were considered. Children were classified into 4 groups by weight status; underweight, normal, overweight, and obese, based on the 2017 Korean National Growth Charts. The percentage of children in the respective groups was 5.3, 70.9, 10.7, 13.1%. Weight status was not related to breast feeding duration nor the starting time of complementary feeding. The NQ-P scores of underweight, normal, overweight, and obese groups were 55.4, 60.0, 60.8, 60.0. Among the three factors covered by the NQ-P, ‘balance’ and ‘environment’ scores of the underweight group were lower than that of other groups. Underweight children consumed beans, fish, and white milk less frequently. The ‘moderation’ scores of the overweight/obese group were lower than those of the normal or obese groups. Obese children more frequently ate processed meat and fast foods. Proper nutrition education is thus needed for not only obese children but also underweight children based on their age, along with their parents, and caregivers.

본 연구에서는 지방 산화를 억제하고 품질이 우수한 부세 굴비의 가공법을 개발하기 위해 대두와 멸치의 복합 발효소재를 첨가한 염지제 처리 및 건조 시간에 따른 부세 굴비를 제조하여 품질 특성을 비교하였다. 발효소재 첨가에 따른 염지제와 부세 굴비의 DPPH 및 ABTS 라디칼 소거능은 발효소재의 함량에 따라 증가하였으나, 발효소재 1% 이상에서 부세 굴비의 라디칼 소거능은 유의적인 차이를 보이지 않았다. 발효소재의 함량이 증가할수록 부세 굴비의 아미노태질소 함량은 증가하고 VBN, TBARS, 산가는 감소하는 결과를 나타내나, 발효소재 1% 이상에서 품질의 유의적인 차이가 크지 않으므로 염지제의 발효소재 함량은 1%로 선정하였다. 염지제의 염도에 따른 부세 굴비의 품질을 분석한 결과 염도가 증가할수록 아미노태질소 함량은 증가하고 히스타민, VBN, TBARS, 산가는 감소하는 결과는 나타내며, 염지제의 염도는 품질 개선 효과가 가장 우수한 7% 조건을 선정하였다. 염지 처리 후 건조 시간에 따른 부세 굴비의 품질을 분석한 결 과 건조 시간이 증가할수록 수분은 감소하고 염도, pH, 아미노태질소, 히스타민, VBN, TBARS, 산가는 증가하였다. 그러나 건조 48시간 이하는 수분이 많아 저장성이 낮으며, 건조 96시간에서 히스타민과 산패도의 증가율이 높아지므로 부세 굴비의 건조 시간은 72시간이 적합한 것으 로 판단되었다.

This study aimed to evaluate dietary behaviors and food allergy status of preschool children in Gwangsan-gu, Gwangju Metropolitan city. The survey included 592 preschool children aged 1-5 years old in 31 childcare facilities. General characteristics, feeding type, complementary feeding, food allergy, dietary behaviors based on the NQ-P questionnaire, and dietary habits of their family were considered. Exclusively breast-fed children was 32.2% of the subjects and the breast feeding duration was 6.5 months. Subjects who had complementary feeding within 6 months was 77.2% and starting time of complementary feeding was 6.1 months. Fifteen percent of the subjects had food allergies and foods that induced allergy were instant foods, eggs, milk and dairy products, nuts, seafood. Food allergy was not related to breast feeding nor complementary feeding. The NQ-P score and its 3 factors including ‘balance’, ‘moderation’, and ‘environment’ were 59.9, 61.1, 56.0, 62.6, respectively. There were positive relations between children’s dietary behaviors and family dietary habits such as breakfast eating frequency and meal regularity. As age of children increased, instant food intake increased and breakfast eating frequency decreased. Proper nutrition education is needed to children, their parents, and their care givers at childcare facilities to improve children’s dietary behavior and health.

본 연구에서는 입도에 따른 조미료 원료의 항산화 활성을 분석하여 원료에 따른 차이를 비교하고, 건강기능성이 우수한 천연조미료 원료로서 적합한 입도를 선정하고자 하였다. 8종(다시마, 멸치, 새우, 표고버섯, 양배추, 무, 마늘, 양파)의 조미료 원료를 일반분쇄를 통해 평균 300 μm 입도의 분말과 초미세분쇄를 통해 평균 23 μm 입도의 분말을 준비하여 DPPH와 ABTS 라디칼 소거능을 분석하였다. 모든 원료에서 항산화 활성은 농도에 비례하여 증가하였으며, DPPH 라디칼 소거능은 표고버섯이 가장 높게 나타났으며, ABTS 라디칼 소거능은 무가 가장 높게 나타났다. 입도에 따른 항산화 활성은 양배추와 표고버섯은 입도가 큰 일반분쇄 분말이 더 높게 나타난 반면, 나머지 원료는 입도가 작은 초미세분쇄 분말에서 더 높게 나타났다. 본 연구결과를 바탕으로 선정된 항산화 활성이 우수한 조미료 원료의 종류와 입도는 건강기능성 천연조미료 배합에 기초 자료로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

본 연구에서는 지역별 단삼의 일반성분, 총 폴리페놀 및 총 플라보노이드 함량을 분석하여 지역별 단삼의 품질특성을 비교하고, 단삼의 추출 조건에 따른 색도와 항산화 활성을 평가하였다. 중국산 단삼 1종과 국내산 3종(전남 구례, 전남 장흥, 경북 영양)의 일반성분 분석 결과 탄수화물은 전남 구례, 조지방은 경북 영양, 수분과 조단백은 전남 장흥, 그리고 회분은 중국산 단삼이 높게 나타났다. 총 폴리페놀 함량은 경북 영양산 단삼이 76.20 mg/g으로 가장 높게 나타났으며, 총 플라보노이드 함량은 전남 구례산 단삼이 5.30 mg/g으로 가장 함량이 높았으나, 경북 영양산 단삼(5.10 mg/g)과 함량 차이가 크지 않은 것으로 나타났다. 총 폴리페놀 함량이 가장 많은 경북 영양산 단삼을 이용하여 기능성 식품 원료 생산을 위한 공정 개발을 위해 추출 조건에 따른 색도와 항산화 활성을 평가하였다. 물과 농도별 에탄올을 추출 용매로 하여 색도와 항산화 활성을 분석한 결과 단삼의 붉은 색은 75% 에탄올 추출물에서 가장 추출 효율이 높았으며, 항산화 활성은 100% 에탄올 추출물이 가장 높고, 다음으로 75% 에탄올 추출물이 높게 나타났다. 추출 용매로 75% 에탄올을 선정하여 50°C와 70°C에서 2, 4, 6시간 추출 후 추출물의 색도와 항산화 활성을 평가한 결과 50°C, 4시간 추출물의 적색도와 항산화 활성이 가장 우수하였다.

용규 50% 에탄올 추출물의 생리기능성을 평가하기 위하여 항산화, 항암, 항염, 항고혈압 활성을 측정하였다. 항산화 활성을 평가하기 위하여 DPPH와 ABTS 라디칼 소거능을 측정한 결과 농도 의존적으로 활성이 증가하였으며, DPPH SC50과 ABTS SC50은 각각 4.37, 2.56 mg/mL로 평가되었다. 항암 활성을 평가하기 위하여 3종의 인체 암세포에 대한 증식 억제능을 평가하였다. AGS 위암 세포, HT-29 결장암 세포, HepG2 간암 세포에 대하여 용규 추출물은 각각 100 μg/mL, 250 μg/mL, 250 μg/mL 이상의 농도에서 암세포의 증식을 억제하는 결과를 나타내었다. LPS가 처리된 대식세포에서 용규 50% 에탄올 추출물 처리에 의한 NO(nitric oxide) 생성 억제 효과를 조사한 결과 12.5 μg/mL 이상의 농도에서 NO 생성이 농도 의존적으로 감소하였다. 항고혈압 활성을 평가하기 위하여 용규 50% 에탄올 추출물의 ACE(Angiotensin-converting enzyme) 저해 활성을 측정한 결과 농도 의존적으로 ACE 저해 활성이 증가하였으며, IC50은 78.2 μg/mL로 평가되었다.