In today’s rapidly changing business environment, rapid decision making and effective project management are essential for business growth. This study examines how project manager competencies and organizational structures affect business performance. Successful project execution depends on the strategic use of project managers’ skills and organizational resources to maximize performance. An empirical study was conducted with 475 participants from the construction and engineering sectors. The applied analyses included multiple regression analysis and two-way ANOVA to assess how project manager competencies and organizational types affect business performance. The results of the study show that project manager competencies significantly improve business performance, especially when combined with appropriate organizational types. Effective use of organizational frameworks leads to better financial results, increased market competitiveness, and greater innovation. The results of the study are as follows: First, project manager competencies were found to have a significant positive effect on business performance. Second, the use of functional, project, and matrix organizations had a significant positive effect on business performance. This suggests that aligning organizational structures with business objectives is important for achieving optimal performance. Overall, this study provides valuable insights into the academic literature and practical applications of project management and organizational research. In addition, if we can select organizational members based on the learning effects of previous projects when operating new projects in the future, it will help reduce risks. Ultimately, it will improve the project manager’s competency level, promote the individual abilities and knowledge sharing of team members, and provide opportunities for the company to build efficient new systems. This will be evaluated as a valuable study in terms of academic and practical productivity.

This study evaluated the efficacy of a wild boar repellent (Repellent A) consisting of tannins and plant oils (castor oil, garlic oil, and cinnamon oil). Sixty farmed wild boars (4-8 months old) were divided into three groups: the normal control group (NC, n=20), the experimental group (EP, n=20), and the comparative experimental group (C-EP, n=20), which used Repellent B consisting of guaiacol, eugenol, menthol, thymol, and indole. EP and C-EP were equipped with four repellents per feeder, while no repellents were installed in the NC feeder. The feed intake and the number of feeding approaches were measured for one week in all groups. The number of approach of wild boars in feeders was monitored daily using a CCTV camera. The daily feed intake per farmed wild boar in EP and C-EP was significantly decreased compared to NC (p<0.05), and EP was significantly decreased compared to C-EP (p<0.05). In the average number of daily approaches, EP and C-EP were significantly decreased compared to NC (p<0.05), and EP was significantly decreased compared to C-EP (p<0.05). In conclusion, Product A has been confirmed to have excellent repellent effects on wild boars, and it could be used to prevent wild boars from approaching pig farms.

장미과의 과일 및 관상용 식물은 세계적으로 경제적, 원예적 가치가 뛰어나다. 장미과의 뱀딸기는 관상 및 약용 작물로써 이용가치가 매우 높은데, 증식방법이 마련되어 있지 않은 실정 이다. 뱀딸기의 종자 종자발아 특성을 조사하기 위해 내부형태 관찰, 수분흡수실험, 온도 별 배양, move-along test, GA3처리 실험을 수행하였다. 뱀딸기 종자는 탈리시점부터 성숙한 배를 지닌다. 수분흡수실험 결과, 침지 3시간만에 종자 무게가 초 기무게 대비 100% 이상 증가하였다. 온도 별 배양 실험 결 과, 25/15, 20/10, 15/6, 5, 25, 20, 15°C에서 각각 8주간 배양하였을 때 88, 71, 61, 12, 89, 39, 17%로 나타났다. Move-along test의 T125/15°C(12주)→20/10°C(4주)→ 15/6°C(4주)→5°C(12주)]에서 12주차까지 72%가 발아하였고 T2[4°C(12주)→15/6°C(4주)→20/10°C(4주)→25/15°C(12주)] 에선 20/10°C까지 발아하지 않았고 25/15°C에 도달하고 나서 발아하여 최종발아율은 16%로 나타났다. GA3처리구에선 배양 3주차에 발아를 시작한 반면에 대조구에선 배양 4주차부터 발 아하였다. 따라서 한반도 자생 뱀딸기 종자는 PD로 분류하였다. 뱀딸기속과 Potentilla속 식물은 서로 근연관계이고, 종간의 종 자휴면에 차이가 나타나 종자휴면 특성에 분화가 일어난 것으로 판단된다.

A twelve-year-old, spayed female Siamese cat was presented for health screening. Abdominal radiography revealed a large amount of mineral opacity substances of various sizes and shapes, along with mild gaseous dilation proximal to the lesion. Ultrasonography showed hyperechoic surface with acoustic shadowing at the ileum and wall thickening of the ileum. Enterotomy was performed to remove the foreign bodies, which were numerous hairball- and stone-like objects. Analysis of the enteroliths revealed a composition of calcium phosphate. Although enterolithiasis is considered rare in cats, it should be included in the differential diagnosis when numerous pebble-like mineral opacity lesions are observed.

Background: Because oxidative stress can induce decreased quality of caprine semen during the storage, there has been limitation for the use of stored semen in the assisted reproductive technologies. The present study, therefore, assesses the potential of Annona muricata (A. muricata ) to reduce semen storage associateddamages. Methods: Semen was collected by electro-ejaculation from ten bucks, and extended with Tris-egg yolk (TEY) supplemented with A. muricata leaf aqueous extract (SAE) at 20 (SAE20), 40 (SAE40), and 80 (SAE80) μg/mL. Sperm variables including motility, motion characteristics, viability, membrane functionality, and DNA integrity were assessed at different storage periods (6, 24, 48, and 72 hr). In addition, oxidative stress indicators in the extender supplemted with SAE were also assessed for each group. Results: By adding SAE at 80 μg/mL in TEY, the storage of goat buck semen was improved, resulting in reduced loss of sperm motility, viability, DNA fragmentation, and membrane integrity during chilled storage at 4℃ for up to 72 hr. In addition, enrichment of TEY extender with SAE significantly (p < 0.05) reduced malondialdehyde, an indicator of oxidative stress, compared to the negative control. Conclusions: Supplementation of SAE in TEY extender can reduce buck spermatozoa liquid storage associated damages due to oxidative stress.

Background: Typical difficulties encountered during in vitro fertilization (IVF) to produce embryos in pigs include poor pronucleus formation and poor-quality fertilized embryos because of high polysperm invasion. In this study, we evaluated the effects of supplementation with apple seed extract (ASE) and coculture systems on porcine in vitro-fertilized embryo culture. Methods: Slaughterhouse-derived ovaries were used to obtain cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs). COCs were conventionally used to perform IVF. We examined the differences in apoptosis and metabolism during development following addition of ASE to normal culture and coculture systems. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), cell development-related factors, and apoptotic proteins were compared in porcine embryos produced under different conditions. Results: The expression of genes related to insulin-like growth factor (IGF) signaling was increased in the coculture system. In the ASE group, early apoptosis and necrosis were reduced in fertilized embryos and the late survival rate increased. Supplementation of the coculture system with ASE led to increased expression of BCL-2 and decreased expression of Casp-3 in the cytoplasm, thereby lowering the apoptosis rate and inducing MMP expression. In addition, compared with the extract-supplemented group in normal culture, the activity of MMP-2 decreased in the coculture system supplemented with ASE, activity of MMP-9 increased, and the expression of dynactin p62 and BrdU in the cytoplasm was higher than that in the other groups. Conclusions: The coculture system increased the activity of the embryonic cytoplasm compared with the non-coculture system. Supplementation with ASE may induce cell activity and inhibit the expression of apoptotic factors.

This study evaluated the immunogenicity of the Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine in a guinea pig model to refine preclinical assessment methods. 24 guinea pigs were divided into four groups for immunohistochemical, histopathological, and molecular analyses, including qRT-PCR and ELISA. The ELISA results revealed significant elevations in interleukin 2 (IL-2), interferon-gamma (IFN- ), and tuberculosis-specific antibodies in vaccinated guinea pigs, particularly γ notable after 6 weeks. Although lung cytokine levels remained unchanged, spleen gene expression showed significant differences in interleukin-17, interleukin-12, interleukin-1β, and C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 10 after 6 weeks. Immunohistochemistry revealed peak IL-2 expression at 8 weeks and significant IFN-γ and TNF-α expression at 6 weeks. This study confirmed the effectiveness of BCG vaccine in guinea pigs, providing crucial insights for future tuberculosis vaccine development and standardizing immune response indicators.

Background: The clinical application of canine mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) necessitates efficient and safe culture methods to produce large quantities of cells. Traditionally, fetal bovine serum (FBS) has been used for MSC expansion, but it carries risks such as contamination and adverse immune responses. Methods: In this study, we investigate the efficacy and efficiency of canine allogeneic serum as an effective alternative to FBS for the in vitro culture of canine MSCs. We measured the population doubling time of canine MSCs in allogeneic serum conditions and utilized qRT-PCR, flowcytometric analysis, and cellular staining/color-metric assay for investigating its effects on cellular senescence during long-term culture and the expression of key pluripotency-related transcriptomes. Results: Our findings demonstrate that canine MSCs cultured with allogeneic serum exhibited enhanced proliferation rates, reduced cellular senescence, and lower apoptosis levels compared to those cultured with FBS. Additionally, the expression of key pluripotency-related transcription factors, including Oct4, Sox2, and Nanog, was increased in canine MSCs cultured with allogeneic serum. Conclusions: These results highlight the potential of canine allogeneic serum to provide a safer and more effective culture environment, supporting the large-scale expansion and maintenance of canine MSCs for clinical applications.

The present study, black soldier flies (Hermetia illucens) fermented using lactic acid bacteria were powdered without defatting and added to 3% or 5% to make pig feed. Weaning piglets were fed 3% (T3) or 5% (T5) feed powdered with Hermetia illucens for 5 months and the efficacy of the feed was investigated. The results of measuring body weight gain over 5 months after adding 3% (T3) or 5% (T5) of Hermetia illucens powder to the feed of weaned piglets showed significant weight gain in the T5 group compared to the control group. The added feed to Hermetia illucens powder did not show toxicity, and analysis of its effect on blood properties showed that white blood cell levels tended to increase in the T3 or T5 group compared to the control group.The only increase in white blood cell count was a change within the normal range. As a result of analyzing the effect of the level of addition of Hermetia illucens powder on feces, the effect of liquid reduction showed excellent results in the T3 treatment group and maintained the best form of feces. In this study, the thawing loss in the control group was 6.66%, and the T3 group with added powder to Hermetia illucens showed a significant decrease of 5.03%, and the T5 group also showed a decrease of 5.61%. Therefore, it was demonstrated that additive feed for Hermetia illucens reduced thawing loss, affected the water holding capacity of meat, and played an important role in maintaining the taste of meat. Moreover, the results of carcass grade showed a tendency for one grade to increase in the T3 and T5 groups fed additive feed to Hermetia illucens compared to the control group. In conclusion, the results of this study suggest that feed supplemented with Hermetia illucens is effective in influencing the weight gain of pigs, reducing the liquid content of feces, and increasing carcass grade.

본 연구는 작약의 품종간 개화시기 차이와 저온에서 장기 저 장이 가능한 품종을 선발하여 절화 유통 기간을 연장하기 위하 여 수행하였다. 작약 24품종을 대상으로 2022년 국립원예특작 과학원 시험포장에서 개화시기와 절화 품질을 조사하였다. 봉오 리 상태에서 수확한 작약을 건조 저장법으로 -1℃에서 60일 저장한 후 절화 수명과 절화품질을 조사하였다. ‘의성작약’은 홑 꽃이었고 나머지 품종은 겹꽃이었다. 개화시기는 5월 10일부터 18일 사이였으며, ‘Etched Salmon’, ‘Monsieur Jules Elie’, ‘Gilbert’, ‘Henry Bockstoce’는 개화일이 5월 10일로 가장 빨랐고, ‘Elsa Sass’는 5월 18일로 가장 늦었다. 식물체 키는 74.6∼107.8cm 였고, 절화 무게는 ‘Henry Bockstoce’ 품종 이 89.8g으로 가장 무거웠고, ‘Angel Cheeks’ 품종이 26.7g으 로 가장 가벼웠다. 꽃의 주된 색은 흰색, 빨강색, 분홍색, 자주색 이었다. -1℃에서 60일간 저장 후에 꽃과 잎의 상태가 아주 양 호한 품종은 ‘Kansas’, ‘Ole Faithful’, ‘Sonw Mountain’이 었다. 절화수명은 ‘Nick Shaylor’ 품종이 8일로 가장 길었고, 다음으로 ‘Blush Queen’, ‘Elsa Sass’ 품종이 7일이었으며, ‘Gilbert’, ‘Highlight’ 품종이 1일로 가장 짧았다. 작약은 저온 장기 저장에서 일부 품종을 제외하고는 꽃과 잎에 저온장해 증 상이 발생하였다. 이와같은 결과는 작약재배시에 품종 선택과 수확후 저온 장기 저장을 통하여 유통기간을 연장하고 하고자 할 때 기초자료로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

본 연구는 소래풀을 경관화훼로 이용하기 위해 온도조건에 따른 발아특성을 알아보고 회귀분석(bilinear, parabolic, beta distribution)모델을 통해 주요온도(최저, 최적 및 최고온 도)를 구명하고자 하였다. 소래풀 종자는 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35℃ 항온 조건 중 25℃에서 약 6~7일만에 최종발아율이 100%에 도달하였으며, 발아세, 발아속도, 평균발아속도와 평균발아시간이 각각 100%, 21.37ea/day, 14.48, 4.39일 로 다른 처리보다 발아특성이 우수하였다. 이를 바탕으로 발아 속도(germination rate, GR)가 50%인 시점(GR50)을 역수로 (1/GR50)하여 주요온도를 분석한 결과, bilinear모델의 경우, 최저, 최적 및 최고온도는 4.8℃, 25.8℃, 35.6℃였으며 (R2=0.9566, p<0.001), parabolic모델은 최저온도 6.1℃, 최 적온도 21.6℃, 최고온도 36.7℃였다(R2=0.8818, p<0.001). 또한 beta distribution 모델의 주요온도는 최저온도 6.1℃, 최 적온도는 23.1℃, 최고온도 40.1℃였다(R2=0.9102, p<0.001). 본 연구에서 분석한 회귀모델 모두 0.1% 수준에서 통계적 유의 차가 인정된 것으로 보아 소래풀 종자의 발아 시 최저온도는 4.8~6.1℃, 최고온도는 35.6~40.1℃, 최적온도는 21.6~25.8℃ 이며, 50% 이상의 발아율을 기대하였을 때 온도의 범위는 20~25℃가 적합할 것으로 판단된다. 이와 같은 결과는 소래풀 을 이용하여 경관조성을 할 때 파종 및 발아시기를 예측할 수 있는 자료로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 판단된다. 그러나 경관조성 을 하는 현장에서 실질적인 도움을 제공할 수 있도록 발아의 주요온도 모델과 함께 식물의 생물계절 관점에서 추가적인 연구 가 필요할 것으로 판단된다.

Cerebral ischemia is a serious neurological disorder that can lead to high morbidity and mortality. Baicalin is a naturally bioactive flavonoid derived from Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi, which has neuroprotective activity. Baicalin exerts a neuroprotective effect against hypoxic ischemic injury. In this study, we investigated whether baicalin regulates specific proteins in the cerebral cortex of ischemic stroke animals. Middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) surgery was performed to induce ischemic brain injury, and baicalin (30 mg/kg) or vehicle was injected into the abdominal cavity before MCAO surgery. Neurological behavior tests were performed 24 h after MCAO surgery and proteomics approach was performed using proteins extracted from cortical tissue. Two-dimensional electrophoresis analysis and MALDI-TOF were performed to identify the regulated protein by baicalin. MCAO damage caused severe behavioral disorders, but baicalin treatment improved these behavioral deficits. Baicalin also induced changes in the expression of various proteins in the cerebral cortex of MCAO animals. Proteins changed by baicalin administration are as follow: adenosylhomocysteinase, isocitrate dehydrogenase [NAD] subunit alpha, apolipoprotein A-I, Rab GDP dissociation inhibitor beta, eukaryotic initiation factor 4A, and mu-crystallin. These proteins were involved in metabolism and protein synthesis. The results of this study demonstrated the neuroprotective effects of baicalin by improving behavioral disorders caused by MCAO damage. The results also showed that baicalin regulates the expression of a variety of proteins involved in neuroprotective functions. Therefore, our findings provide evidence that baicalin plays a neuroprotective role in stroke animal models by regulating specific proteins.

Schlumbergera truncata absorbs CO2 through its mature phylloclades during the night, and can use a substantial amount of CO2 without requiring ventilation. This study investigated the growth and photosynthetic responses of S. truncata ‘Red Candle’ at two CO2 levels—ambient (≈ 400 μmol･mol-1) and elevated (≈ 1000 μmol･mol-1). At 0–8 weeks after treatment (WAT), width and length of mature phylloclade and length of immature phylloclade did not differ significantly among the CO2 treatments. At 4–8 WAT, number of branches and phylloclades were significantly greater in plants grown under ambient CO2 than those under elevated CO2. Net CO2 uptake was highest in mature phylloclades of plants grown under ambient and elevated CO2 regimes at night, at 2.51 and 1.30 μmol·CO2·m-2·s-1, respectively. However, no statistically significant variation was observed at 6 WAT, and stomatal conductance was significantly affected only by CO2 uptake time at 6 and 8 WAT. Water-use efficiency of mature and immature phylloclades at night increased with increase in CO2 levels (r = 0.7462 and 0.9312, respectively). At 123 days after treatment, plants grown under elevated CO2 had 82.7 floral buds, compared to 72.1 buds in those under ambient CO2. However, this difference was not statistically significant. Moreover, S. truncata grown under elevated CO2 exhibited decreased growth and photosynthesis, whereas the number of floral buds did not exhibit any significant differences among the treatments.

This study was conducted for the purpose of systematically identifying research trends in technology transfer and commercialization and setting future research directions in academia. Over a total of 35 years (1987-2021), 146 papers related to technology transfer and commercialization were analyzed for research period, research area, research methods, and research subjects. The research results are as follows. First, the largest number of papers (55) was published during the Park Geun-hye administration. Second, among major academic journals, only the ‘Korea Society for Technology Innovation’ had a relatively high proportion of research. Third, quantitative research (38%) was the most widely applied research method. Fourth, the most frequent research target was institutions/systems (44%). Additionally, the results of frequency analysis of 729 keywords were presented in a word cloud. This study is significant as the most current study that attempted bibliographic analysis of technology transfer and commercialization research papers over the past 35 years.

장미 속은 오랜 시간에 걸쳐 잡종화, 배수화 및 육종 등을 통해 약 250개의 종과 30,000여 품종이 존재하는 진화 역사를 가지고 있으며, 다양한 분류체계로 구분되고 있다. 이에, 본 연구 는 장미 속 자원의 다양성을 평가하고 자생식물 해당화의 육종적 활용을 위해 수행되었다. 장미 속 자원의 형태학적 다양성을 확인하기 위해 장미 속 자원 303점에 대해 형태적 특성조사를 실시하고 해당화 및 장미 속 자원 29점을 선발하여 SSR 분석을 실시하였다. 추가적으로, 해당화의 육종적 활용을 위한 자원 6점 을 선발하고 화분 검정을 실시하였다. 본 연구의 결과, 장미 속 자원 303점의 다양성 평가 결과에서 유사한 형태적 특징을 지닌 자원끼리 7개 그룹으로 나뉘었다. 선발된 29개 자원의 형태학적 데이터와 분자학적 데이터를 이용한 군집 분석 결과, 데이터의 유사성을 보인 자원끼리 각각 5개, 4개 그룹으로 구분되었다. 또한, 혼합분석 시에는 3개 그룹으로 확인되었다. 분류 결과를 바탕으로 자생 식물을 이용한 정원장미 육종을 위해 각각 특성이 다른 해당화를 3점 선발하였고 장미 속 자원에 속하는 정원 장미 3점을 선발하여 총 6자원을 선발하였다. 선발된 자원의 화분 검정 결과, 종간 교잡체를 제외한 5가지 자원에서 90% 이상의 정상화분율을 확인하였다. 본 결과는 자생식물 해당화를 재평가 하고 정원 장미 육종 전략 수립에 도움이 될 것으로 기대된다.

This study aims to examine domestic research trends on technoparks and to explore future research directions in this field. For this purpose, 493 articles were collected from academic journal sites, covering the period from 1997, when the pilot technoparks were designated, to 2022. To avoid duplication of identical titles and content, theses and conference papers were excluded. Only articles registered or candidate-registered in the Korea Citation Index (KCI) were selected. After reviewing the research topics and content, a total of 74 papers were used for the final analysis. The data analysis involved descriptive analyses of the research period, research areas, research methods, research subjects, and research topics. Furthermore, a word cloud text analysis was conducted using 305 keywords related to technoparks. This study is significant as the first comprehensive analysis of research trends on technoparks and aims to provide meaningful foundational data to explore future directions for research and innovation policy related to technoparks.

This study develops a model to determine the input rate of the chemical for coagulation and flocculation process (i.e. coagulant) at industrial water treatment plant, based on real-world data. To detect outliers among the collected data, a two-phase algorithm with standardization transformation and Density-Based Spatial Clustering of Applications with Noise (DBSCAN) is applied. In addition, both of the missing data and outliers are revised with linear interpolation. To determine the coagulant rate, various kinds of machine learning models are tested as well as linear regression. Among them, the random forest model with min-max scaled data provides the best performance, whose MSE, MAPE, R2 and CVRMSE are 1.136, 0.111, 0.912, and 18.704, respectively. This study demonstrates the practical applicability of machine learning based chemical input decision model, which can lead to a smart management and response systems for clean and safe water treatment plant.

Based on the motivation theories, we postulated that interest in learning languages influences the self-efficacy beliefs of students about their capabilities as second/foreign language (L2) English learners. This study examined the longitudinal causal relation between affective interest and cognitive self-efficacy in the L2 motivational context using the Gyeonggi Education Panel Study (GEPS) data from South Korea. A secondary school student sample from 2015–2020 GEPS over six years comprised 6,314 students (3,189 males and 3,125 females). Using a parallel growth model (PPM) with Mplus 8.4, the results indicated that the initial level and growth rate of L2 English interest positively predicted L2 English self-efficacy. Subsequently, the initial level of L2 English interest exhibited a negative cross-effect on the growth rate of L2 English self-efficacy. Finally, the sequential causal effect of L2 English interest on self-efficacy was found across the six-year period. The findings are discussed in terms of the pedagogical implications in English learning and teaching practices and further research.

There is a demand for introducing a challenging and innovative R&D system to develop new technologies to generate weapon system requirements. Despite the increasing trend in annual core technology development tasks, the infrastructure expansion, including personnel in research management institutions, is relatively insufficient. This situation continuously exposes difficulties in task planning, selection, execution, and management. Therefore, there is a pressing need for strategies to initiate timely research and development and enhance budget execution efficiency through the streamlining of task agreement schedules. In this study, we propose a strategic model utilizing a flexible workforce model, considering constraints and optimizing workload distribution through resource allocation to minimize bottlenecks for efficient task agreement schedules. Comparative analysis with the existing operational environment confirms that the proposed model can handle an average of 67 more core technology development tasks within the agreement period compared to the baseline. In addition, the risk management analysis, which considered the probabilistic uncertainty of the fluctuating number of core technology research and development projects, confirmed that up to 115 core technology development can be contracted within the year under risk avoidance.

In an influential paper, Choi and Kim (2010) derived waiting times in an  queuing model under net neurality and under prioritization. In this short paper, we argue that the waiting times of content transmission that Choi and Kim (2010) derived by using the  gueuing model under the non-preemptive priority rule are miscalculated. We provide corrected waiting times in the  queuing model in the prioritization case. We also show that this correction does not affect their main results on the delay time and the incentive to invest in the network capacity qualitatively.