This study dealt with passenger safety assessment of roadside barrier structures using high anti-corrosion steels, which are called hot-dip zinc-aluminium-magnesium alloy-coated steels. We performed a simulation with high anti-corrosion barriers capable of absorbing impacts and calculated the breakage stress to assess passenger safety. Passenger safety was assessed by calculating the THIV (Theoretical Head Impact Velocity) and PHD (Post-Impact Head Deceleration). This process compares normal steel materials and high anti-corrosion steel materials. The simulation test results for the roadside barriers built with high strength anti-corrosion steels with reduced sectional thickness meet the safety evaluation criteria, hence the proposed roadside barrier made by high strength and high anti-corrosion hot-dip zinc-aluminium-magnesium alloy-coated steel will be a good solution to serve passenger safety as well as save maintenance cost and better structural performance.

This study describes the seismic performance evaluation of bridge structures located in Daegu. Structure design criteria focuses on the collapse or brittle fracture of the bridges when the earthquake situation is given. Thus, this study describes the seismic safety evaluation based on the design of a spectrum of ASCE-7 KBC2009 of the United States, South Korea architectural structure was based on using 3D linear elastic finite element model using the ABAQUS platform bridges. If the target structure was found to be vulnerable to tensile stress than compressive stress appeared to be a case of displacement Z-axis displacement is dominant.

This study performed an inverse detection of fiber stiffness degradation that occurs due to damages in free vibrating composite structures. Five unknown parameters are considered to determine the fiber stiffness which is a modified form of the bivariate Gaussian distribution function. The proposed approach is more feasible than the conventional element-based damage detection method from the computational efficiency because a finite element analysis coupled with a genetic algorithm using a small number of unknown parameters is performed. The numerical examples show that the proposed technique is a feasible and practical method, which can prove the location of a damaged region as well as inspect the distribution of deteriorated fiber stiffness although there is a small difference in dynamic characteristics between damaged and undamaged structures.

In this study the structural performance of new composite column to composite beam connection was evaluated by cyclic tests. It is designed to be applied to various types of through type system to the bottom plate to view synthesis composite beam. A composite column is composed of a RC type column reinforced by steel angles which the end bends in each edge corners of column. also, A composite beam is composed of trussed type’s web, a bottom steel plate and reinforced by steel angles which the end bends in each edge corners of beam. 4 cyclic tests of the clarified structural performance of the connections are performed. All specimens that is apply reinforced concrete beam-column joints based on KBC2009 criteria was performed by cyclic test of column to beam. All specimens were exposed to be satisfied with the required ultimate strength.

Generally, antiseptic synthetic woods are used in septic environment because of their durability and relatively fine view. However, they have problems such as a failure of connection between the members under the septic conditions. In this study we investigate a fiber reinforced polyurethane foothold to be used in the wet environment to replace the synthetic wood. The fiber reinforced polyurethane foothold is consist of 2 different layer of materials. First layer is a glass fiber reinforced polymeric plastics (GFRP) which is located at outer surface of the foothold. This GFRP outer layers carry most parts of load. Second layer is a polyurethane layer which transfers the load to each outer layer. Flexural tests for this foothold are conducted. From the flexural tests it is confirmed that the structural performance of foothold test specimen with different number of GFRP layers and density of the polyurethane.

멸강나방(Pseudaletia separata)은 국내에서 월동하지 못하나 해에 따라 다량으로 비래하여 목초지, 옥수수 등에서 큰 피해를 야기 시키는 비래 해충이다. 나방류의 경우 장기간 누대 사육하기가 쉽지 않으며 멸강나방도 예외는 아니다. 본 연구에서는 이러한 현상의 원인이 사육 개체군의 유전적 변화로 인한 결과일 것이라는 가정 하에 6개의 microsatellite 마커를 이용하여 2012년 2개 지역에서 채집하여 누대 사육한 4개의 집단과 2015년 채집된 3개 집단 총 224개체의 유전자 구조 분석을 수행하였다. AMOVA 검정 결과 집단간 전체 유전적 변이의 10%는 개체 간에, 7%는 집단 간에 그리고 83%는 개체 내에서부터 유래되었다. 집단 간 유전적 거리 차이를 보면 태안 2세대 개체군과 안성 개체군 간 차이가 가장 적었으며 (Fst=0.010), 태안 6세대 개체군과 수원 6세대 개체군 간 차이가 가장 컷다 (Fst=0.094). PCoA 분석결과 첫 두 주요인에 의한 분산이 전체 분산의 74.60%를 차지하였다. Structure 프로그램을 이용하여 집단 내 개체들이 가지는 유전자 구조 변화를 분석한 결과 누대 사육 초기에는 여러 유전자 cluster가 일정한 비율로 존재하였으나 6세대 누대 사육 개체군에서는 하나의 cluster가 비율이 급격하게 높은 개체들이 많아지는 방향으로 강력한 선택압이 진행되었음을 알 수 있었다.

톱다리개미허리노린재(Riptortus pedestris (Fabricius))는 한국, 일본, 중국 등을 포함한 아시아 지역에서 콩에 심각한 피해를 야기 시키는 해충이다. 본 연구에서는 NGS를 이용하여 얻은 톱다리개미허리노린재 유전자 정보를 바탕으로 4개의 microsatellite 마커를 선발하였다. 선발된 유전자 마커를 이용하여 국내 15개 지역 톱다리개미허리노린재 지역 집단들 간의 유전적 차이를 분석하였다. 총 384 개체를 이용하여 분석한 결과 초위성체 마커에 따라 대립유전자의 수는 7-21개 였다. AMOVA 검정 결과 전체 유전적 변이의 92%는 개체 간에, 7%는 집단 간에 그리고 1%는 개체 내에서부터 유래되었다. 집단 간 유전적 거리 차이를 보면 군산과 구례 개체군간 차이가 가장 적었으며 (Fst =0.005), 칠곡과 구례 개체군 간 차이가 가장 컸다 (Fst = 0.067). PCoA 분석결과 첫 두 주요인에 의한 분산이 전체 분산의 75.58%를 차지하였다. Bayesian clustering 결과 의 최대값은 K=3일 때 6.77로 가장 컸으며 이는 우리나라에 분포하는 톱다리개미허리노린재 개체군은 최소 3개의 공통 조상으로부터 유래되었다는 것을 의미한다.

자연계에 존재하는 동식물의 기관, 조직 또는 센서 시스템을 모방하는 일은 더 이상 새로운 일이 아니며 매우 빠르게 진화하고 있다. 이러한 생체모방의 발전방향은 크게 두 가지로 볼 수 있는데, 첫 째는 모방하는 구조물이 나노미터 수준으로 더욱 정교해지고 있다는 것이고, 다른 하나는 한 개의 특정 구조물만 모방하는 것이 아닌 특정 기관 전체를 모방하는 수준으로 복잡도가 높아지고 있다는 것이다. 자연계에 존재하는 다양한 광학구조를 모사하는 것도 위의 두 가지 방향으로 연구가 진행되고 있다. 전자의 예로는 몰포나비의 날개 구조, 나방 눈 각막 구조, 풍뎅이 등껍질 구조 등이 해당하고, 후자의 예로는 사람의 안구, 곤충의 겹눈 등 시각 시스템의 모사, 문어의 위장 시스템 모사 등이 해당한다. 본 발표에서는 앞서 언급한 몇몇 생체 모방 광학 구조 및 소자에 대한 소개를 하고, 그 특징 및 응용 가능분야에 대해 토의한다.

PURPOSES : Nowadays, cavity phenomena occur increasingly in pavement layers of downtown areas. This leads to an increment in the number of potholes, sinkholes, and other failure on the road. A loss of earth and sand from the pavement plays a key role in the occurrence of cavities, and, hence, a structural-performance evaluation of the pavement is essential. METHODS: The structural performance was evaluated via finite-element analysis using KPRP and KICTPAVE. KPRP was developed in order to formulate a Korean pavement design guide, which is based on a mechanical-empirical pavement design guide (M-EPDG). RESULTS: Installation of the anti-freezing layer yielded a fatigue crack, permanent deformation, and international roughness index (IRI) of 13%, 0.7 cm, and 3.0 m/km, respectively, as determined from the performance analysis conducted via KPRP. These values satisfy the design standards (fatigue crack: 20%, permanent deformation: 1.3 cm, IRI: 3.5 m/km). The results of FEM, using KICTPAVE, are shown in Figures 8~12 and Tables 3~5. CONCLUSIONS: The results of the performance analysis (conducted via KPRP) satisfy the design standards, even if the thickness of the anti-freezing layer is not considered. The corresponding values (i.e., 13%, 0.7 cm, and 3.0 m/km) are obtained for all conditions under which this layer is applied. Furthermore, the stress and strain on the interlayer between the sub-grade and the anti-freezing layer decrease gradually with increasing thickness of the anti-freezing layer. In contrast, the strain on the interlayer between the sub-base and the anti-freezing layer increases gradually with this increase in thickness.

Brachymystax lenok tsinlingensis (family Salmonidae), cold freshwater fish, is endemic to Asia. This species is currently distributed throughout Russia, Mongolia, China and the Korean Peninsula. B. lenok tsinlingensis in South Korea was severely affected by anthropogenic activities such as habitat destruction, agricultural run-off and water pollution, and hence this fish has recently been dramatically decreased in its population sizes and become now critically endangered. To recover the number of individuals of B. lenok tsinlingensis, stocking or translocation programs have been conducted continuously by local governments since 1970s. However, these programs made little effort to clarify populations that may have originated from stocked, translocated or introduced fish. An understanding of genetic characteristics of endangered populations is critical to develop effective conservation and restoration plans especially because genetic diversity ensues their future fate. Therefore, we assessed the “conservation status” of this species by estimating the level of genetic diversity and genetic structure among ten geographic populations including restored populations via reinforcement and supplementation. Also, we aimed to trace the genetic origins of the newly translocated population (Chiak) through a restoration practice program. Moreover, we inferred the phylogenetic relationships among Korean lenok populations as well as across the Northeast Asia. Two hundred eighteen individuals of B. lenok tsinlingensis were sampled from ten localities (Yanggu, Injae, Seorak, Bangtae and Hongcheon: North Han River basin; Pyeongchang, Chiak and Jeongseon: South Han River basin; Taebaek and Bonghwa: Nakdong River basin in South Korea). Based on mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) control region and eight nuclear microsatellite loci, we found extremely low levels of within-population genetic diversity, which suggests small effective population sizes (Ne) within populations. For mtDNA control region, each population housed one, or at most, two haplotypes that are restricted to the respective localities, meaning that these ‘genetically unique’ lineages will be lost permanently if the local populations undergo extinction. The overall values of haplotype diversity (h) and nucleotide diversity (π) for the entire Korean population were 0.703 ± 0.024 and 0.021 ± 0.010, respectively. In the case of microsatellites, average number of alleles across the eight loci for the entire population was 9.1 and allelic richness (AR) per population ranged from 2.375 to 4.144 (mean = 3.104). The values of observed heterozygosity (HO) and expected heterozygosity (HE) were similar to each other [HO: 0.400 ~ 0.590 (mean = 0.518); HE: 0.407 ~ 0.608 (mean = 0.504)]. The inbreeding coefficient (FIS) values were generally low, ranging from 0.048 to 0.279. Consequently, the majority of the populations (except Yanggu and Pyeongchang) were not significantly deviated from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE), suggesting random mating at these loci tested. In addition, we found that Korean lenok populations were significantly genetically isolated from each other, with private mtDNA haplotypes and microsatellite alleles, indicating limited gene flow among populations, strong effects of genetic drift due to small Ne, or a combination of both. The Mantel test of microsatellites revealed a significant correlation (r = 0.414, P = 0.04) between genetic and geographic distances for pairwise comparisons among the ten populations, while that of mtDNA showed a lack of correlation. Given the shared identical mtDNA haplotype and similar microsatellite allelic distributions between Chiak and Hongcheon populations, we suggest that the restored (introduced) Chiak population would be inferred to be genetically originated from Hongcheon population. Phylogenetic relationships among Northeast Asian populations showed that South Korean lineages have more recently diverged from China (Yellow River), than between North Korea and Russia. Although the phylogenetic relationship would be expected to be associated with geography, South-North Korea and China populations with a similar latitude was more phylogenetically closely related. These findings may suggest a possible scenario for the historical movements of B. lenok tsinlingensis in Northeast Asia during Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). It would be supported by the line of evidence that most lenok populations migrated to southward from Northern Asia such as Russia and Mongolia during LGM because the Korean Peninsula was landlocked as inland epoch and functioned as a southern shelter with Yellow River. For this reason, the Korean Peninsula is suggested to be an important geographical region for better understanding phylogenetic relationships and evolutionary histories of B. lenok tsinlingensis across the Northeast Asia. Despite large efforts made to develop several restoration programs in South Korea for B. lenok tsinlingensis, it is still unknown whether these past restoration efforts were successful or fruitless, mainly because of little attention paid to post-restoration monitoring research. Hence, there was a lack of their published official records. In the future, conservation and restoration projects of the Korean lenok populations should consider the genetic data for a better understanding of their ecological and evolutionary trajectories. And finally, we hope that our findings here can help inform on the future effective conservation and restoration plans for B. lenok tsinlingensis populatio ns in South Korea.

PURPOSES: The behavior of a concrete pavement in a tunnel was investigated, based on temperature data obtained from the field and FEM analysis. METHODS: The concrete pavement in a tunnel was evaluated via two methods. First, temperature data was collected in air and inside the concrete pavement both outside and inside the tunnel. Second, FEM analysis was used to evaluate the stress condition associated with the slab thickness, joint spacing, dowel, and rock foundation, based on temperature data from the field. RESULTS : Temperature monitoring revealed that the temperature change in the tunnel was lower and more stable than that outside the tunnel. Furthermore, the temperature difference between the top and bottom of the slab was lower inside the tunnel than outside. FEM analysis showed that, in many cases, the stress in the concrete pavement in the tunnel was lower than that outside the tunnel. CONCLUSIONS : Temperature monitoring and the behavior of the concrete pavement in the tunnel revealed that, from an environmental point of view, the condition in the tunnel is advantageous to that outside the tunnel. The behavior in the tunnel was significantly less extreme, and therefore the concrete pavement in the tunnel could be designed more economically, than that outside the tunnel.

Seagrasses, sea flowering plants, comprise approximately 60 species globally and are often called ‘ecosystem engineers’ because they create their own habitats by modifying the surrounding environments, which provide coastal zones with a number of crucial ecosystem services. Zostera marina (the common name ‘eelgrass’) is one of the seagrass beds-forming species distributed widely in northern hemisphere including the Korean coast, which plays a pivotal role in ecosystem as a primary producer and a nursery habitat or refuge for other marine organisms. However, due to global climate change and anthropogenic activities such as reclamation and dredging, there has recently been a drastic decline in population sizes of Z. marina in Korea. In order to develop effective conservation and restoration management programs of Z. marina populations, it would be helpful to consider all biological aspects of this species such as genetic characteristics as well as ecological and physiological features. This study first provides information on genetic diversity and genetic structure of Jeju Island and Namhae populations of Z. marina, which will contribute to the establishment of appropriate conservation and restoration management plans for future persistence of this species. Using six microsatellite markers, we investigated the level of genetic diversity and genetic structure among 10 geographic populations of Z. marina inhabiting Jeju Island (Hamdeok, Tokki-seom, Sungsan, Woljeong, Ojo) and Namhae (Gamak bay, Jindong bay, Nampo, Anggang bay, Geoje) on the southern coast of Korea. The level of genetic diversity within Jeju populations (mean allelic richness [AR]: 1.57 ~ 3.09) was found to be significantly lower than Namhae populations (AR: 3.09 ~ 4.29) (Mann-Whitney U-test, P < 0.05). These findings suggest that effective population sizes (Ne) of Jeju populations are generally smaller than those of Namehae populations. Within Jeju Island, Hamdeok population had the smallest population size (coverage: 138 m2) and the lowest genetic diversity (AR: 1.57), while Ojo population had the largest population size (coverage: 275,736 m2) and the greatest level of genetic diversity (AR: 3.09). Hamdeok population showed evidence of genetic bottleneck. These results again suggest that Ne of Jeju populations is generally low (except Ojo population). Among Jeju populations, all pair-wise comparisons of FST values (i.e., degree of genetic differentiation) were highly significant (FST = 0.0612 ~ 0.7168, P < 0.001) despite Jeju populations that were geographically closely located, indicating that these local populations are genetically divergent, probably due to a lack of gene flow among the populations. The observed strong population structure was substantiated by evidence that five genetic clusters are most likely, based on population assignment test (STRUCTURE). The Mantel test showed a positive relationship between genetic distance (FST) and geographic distance (km) across all the populations sampled (R2 = 0.4118, P < 0.05), suggesting that our data follow Isolation By Distance (IBD) model. Woljeong population revealed the highest level of FST values compared to other populations within Jeju Island in IBD. STRUCTURE and factorial correspondence analysis (FCA) further showed that some Woljeong individuals included genotypes of Namhae populations. Population size of Woljeong (coverage: 310m2) was approximately 50 % smaller than that of Sungsan (coverage: 841m2); however, extent of its genetic diversity (AR: 2.39) was even higher than that of Sungsan population (AR: 1.77). We speculated that Woljeong population underwent a transplantation from Namhae populations with relatively higher level of genetic diversity. FST values within Namhae populations were relatively lower (compared to within Jeju Island) despite the populations that were geographically more distant. It means that level of gene flow is higher among Namhae populations than among Jeju populations. Z. marina is known to have different life histories by water depth. In subtidal zone (deep water depth) populations predominantly undertake sexual reproduction through seeds such as annual life history, whereas those of intertidal zone (shallow water depth) undertake both sexual and asexual reproductions through horizontal rhizomes i.e., perennial life history. STRUCTURE analysis showed no clear differences between shallow and deep populations at Namhae, but some FST values were statistically significantly different despite their low values. For Geoje population sampled in 2005, intertidal and subtidal populations were not significantly different (FST = 0.0045, P = 0.033), but these populations sampled in 2015 showed a significant difference (FST = 0.0328, P < 0.001). It means that genetic structure of Geoje has been changed over the 10 year period between shallow and deep populations. Overall, the Jeju and Namehae populations analyzed in the current study have relatively low levels of genetic diversity and distinct genetic compositions, which warns the message that this ecologically important species should be conserved separately in the local populations and with high priority. We propose that future conservation and restoration plans for seagrasses should consider genetic characteristics particularly because a close relationship between genetic diversity and ecological performance in marine species has been well documented.

낙동정맥 마루금 일대의 식생상황을 파악하기 위해 식생 조사데이터를 분석한 결과(TWINSPAN기법), 9개 식물군 락으로 유형화되었다. 거제수나무-신갈나무군락(군락 Ⅰ) 은 백병산지역에서만 출현한 군락이었다. 이곳은 낙동정맥 이 시작되는 매봉산과 같은 강원도 태백시에 위치하고, 온 대북부 기후대에 속하는 지역으로서 내한성이 강하고 햇볕 이 잘 드는 고산지대에서 잘 자라는 거제수나무와 신갈나무 가 함께 군락을 이루었다. 현재 교목층에서 거제수나무와 신갈나무가 비슷한 세력을 보였고 관목층에서 조릿대의 비 율이 다소 높았다. 신갈나무의 종자크기가 크고 영양분 함 량이 높아서 조릿대의 하층에서 광량이 적더라도 발아초기 에 빠르게 성장하여 2차 생장체계를 갖추어 조릿대가 종다 양성 저하 및 종자발아 감소 등에 미치는 영향을 거제수나 무보다 적게 받을 것으로 보인다. 이에 비해 거제수나무는 종자크기기 작고 양수성 식물로서 조릿대의 영향으로 치수 발생이 저해하여 향후 신갈나무와의 경쟁에서 불리하게 작 용할 것이다. 이 군락의 식생변화를 지속적으로 모니터링해 야 할 것이다. 신갈나무군락(군락 Ⅱ)은 신갈나무가 교목층 에서 높은 우점도를 차지했고, 소경목에서 대경목에 해당하 는 거의 모든 구간에 분포하여 특별한 외부요인이 없다면 신갈나무군락이 유지될 것으로 보인다. 이 군락은 백두대간 및 정맥 등에서 가장 넓은 면적으로 분포하며, 마루금에 흔 하게 출현하는 군락으로서 낙동정맥 마루금에서의 중간극 상수종일 것이다. 소나무-신갈나무군락(군락 Ⅲ)은 교목층 에서 소나무와 신갈나무가 우점하는 가운데 아교목층에서 는 소나무가 거의 출현하지 않는 것으로 보아 소나무는 점 차 도태되고 신갈나무군락으로 천이될 것이다. 이는 남한 정맥의 산림식생유형 연구에서 밝힌 것처럼 소나무-신갈나 무군락은 신갈나무가 우점하는 가운데 작은 면적으로 소나 무가 분포하는 형태로 정맥의 능선부에 출현하는 군락으로 신갈나무와의 경쟁에 밀려 도태될 가능성이 높을 것이다. 소나무군락(군락 Ⅳ)은 백두대간과 정맥의 마루금에서 신 갈나무군락과 함께 흔하게 출현하는 군락이지만, 낙동정맥 마루금에서 분포면적은 그리 넓지 않았다. 교목층에서는 소 나무만이 우점했지만, 아교목층과 관목층에서 교목성 비목 나무, 물푸레나무, 신갈나무 등이 우점하여 향후 이 수종과 의 경쟁이 예상된다. 낙엽성 참나무류-소나무군락(군락 Ⅴ)은 운주산, 고헌산, 구덕산에 출현한 군락으로서 교목층에서 소나무와 낙엽성 참나무류인 떡갈나무, 신갈나무가 우점하여, 소나무와 낙엽 성 참나무류가 경쟁하였다. 기존 연구결과에서 보고한 것과 같이 소나무는 낙엽성 참나무류에 밀려 도태되어 낙엽성 참나무류로의 천이가 예상된다. 특히, 이 군락은 아교목층 에서 낙엽성 참나무류보다 난온대, 온대남부 기후대 능선부 등의 건조토양에 출현하여 토지극상단계를 이루는 소사나 무의 우점도가 높다는 점이다. 앞으로 기후변화 등에 따른 식생변화를 모니터링해야 할 것으로 판단된다. 낙엽성 참나 무류군락(군락 Ⅵ)은 굴참나무가 가장 우점하는 가운데 상 수리나무, 떡갈나무가 함께 출현하였고, 아교목층에서도 낙 엽성 참나무류의 비율이 높았다. 백병산을 제외한 칠보산, 백암산, 운주산, 고헌산, 구덕산의 온대 중부 이남 능선부와 사면부의 저지대에서 고지대(해발 316~1,016m)에 주로 분 포하였다. 이 군락은 정맥의 마루금 능선부나 사면상부에 주로 나타나며, 남한 정맥의 대표적인 식생유형이라 할 수 있다. 곰솔군락(군락 Ⅶ)은 부산광역시 해안지역인 구덕산 지역의 환경특성을 반영한 식물군락이었다. 교목층에서 곰 솔이 우점하는 가운데 상수리나무가 출현하였으나 토양이 척박하여 종다양성이 낮은 편이었다. 잣나무-리기다소나무 군락(군락 Ⅷ)은 구덕산의 해발 485~511m에 위치한 군락 으로 척박한 토양과 환경조건이 그리 좋지 않아 생육상태가 불량한 편이었다. 편백-사방오리군락(군락 Ⅸ)은 구덕산의 저지대에 위치한 인공조림지로서 종다양성이 가장 낮았다. 상기 3개의 군락은 부산광역시 구덕산에 분포하는 군락으 로 과거 사방녹화 및 임목생산 목적으로 조림된 것으로 보 인다. 낙동정맥은 남북방향을 길게 늘어져 있는 특성상 기후대 변화에 따른 식생변화가 뚜렷한 편이었다. 강원도 태백시 백병산지역에서는 온대북부 기후대로서 거제수나무-신갈 나무군락이 특징적으로 출현하였고, 신갈나무군락과 소나 무-신갈나무군락, 낙엽성 참나무류군락은 주로 온대 중·남 부 기후대 지역에 주로 분포하였고, 곰솔군락 등은 난온대 기후대에 속한 구덕산에 나타났다. 구덕산지역은 도심에 위 치해 있고 해발고도가 낮아 사람들이 자주 찾는 곳으로서 임목생산 및 사방녹화를 위한 편백, 곰솔 등과 조경수가 심 어져 자연성이 낮은 편이었다. 그 외 지역에서는 구덕산에 비해 식생이 양호한 편으로 남한의 정맥을 대표하는 산림식 생유형인 신갈나무우점군락, 소나무우점군락, 낙엽성 참나 무류군락이 주로 분포하여, 타 정맥과 식생유형이 크게 다 르지 않았다. 구덕산은 정맥의 산줄기로서 우리나라의 중요 한 생태축이기보다 부산광역시의 도시공원 성격이 강하였 다. 구덕산이 낙동정맥의 산줄기로서 생태적 기능을 수행할 수 있도록 지자체와의 협력 및 시민들에게 낙동정맥 홍보도 필요할 것이다.

In order to improve seismic safety of nuclear power plant (NPP) structures in high seismicity area, seismic isolation system can be adapted. In this study, friction pendulum system (FPS) is used as the seismic isolation system. According to Coulomb‘s friction theory, friction coefficient is constant regardless of bearing pressure and sliding velocity. However, friction coefficient under actual situation can be changed according to bearing pressure, sliding velocity and temperature. Seismic responses of friction pendulum system with constant friction and various velocity-dependent friction are compared. The velocity-dependent friction coefficients of FPS are varied between lowand fast-velocity friction coefficients according to sliding velocity. From the results of seismic analysis of FPS with various cases of friction coefficient, it can be observed that the yield force of FPS becomes larger as the fast-velocity friction coefficient becomes larger. Also, the displacement response of FPS becomes smaller as the fast-velocity coefficient becomes larger.