본 연구의 목적은 돈 프로젝트 활동이 유아의 수학성취와 구매행동에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지 알아보기 위한 것이다. 이를 위하여 대전광역시에 위치한 D유치원의 만 5세 유아 20명을 실험집단으로, 20명을 비교집단으로 구성하여 총 5주 동안 ‘돈’을 주제로 프로젝트 활동을 실시하였다. 연구의 결과 돈 프로젝트 활동은 유아의 수학성취와 구매행동에 긍정적 효과가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 이는 통합적 접근 방법인 돈 프로젝트 활동이 유아의 수학성취와 구매행동에 영향을 미쳤음을 알 수 있다.

he present study was conducted to provide basic data for efficient vermicomposting of swine manure by investigatingthe effect of rice hull mix on growth and reproduction of earthworms, amount of earthworm cast produced, and its chemicalcomposition when mixing swine manure in different levels (0 (SRH0), 10 (SRH10), 20 (SRH20), 30 (SRH30), and 40%(SRH40)) with rice hull commonly used as a bulking agent for facilitation in manure composting. The C/N ratio of thefeed was 10.19-13.95 and increased with higher level of rice hull mixed, and the survival rate of earthworms during theexperiment period was 35.2-99.2%. The biomass growth rate of earthworms was significantly higher in the SRH30 andSRH40 treatments than others (p<0.05), and young worms were not found in any treatments, but the number of cocoonswas 7.4 in the SRH40 treatment. The production of earthworm cast and digested amount were higher with the higherlevel of mixed rice hull (p<0.05), and the C/N ratio of cast increased with the mixed rice hull ratio, being significantlyhigher ratio in SRH40 than other treatments (p<0.05). Among heavy metals, the copper content tended to decrease withthe mixed rice hull level. To summarize, the higher level of mixed rice hull was associated with improvement in growth,reproduction, and cast production of earthworms, and 30-40% rice hull mix in particular could result in efficientvermicomposting.

본 시험에서는 가축분의 퇴비화에 수분조절제로서 사용되는 bulking agent 중 일반적으로 많이 사용되고 있는 톱밥을 수준별(0(SSD0), 10(SSD10), 20(SSD20), 30(SSD30) 및 40%(SSD40))로 돈분과 혼합한 다음 지렁이 먹이로 이용하였을 때, 지렁이 생육과 증식에 미치는 영향과 지렁이 분립의 생산량 및 화학적 조성을 조사하여 돈분의 효율적인 vermicomposting의 기초자료로 이용하고자 실시하였다. 그 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 탄질율과 지렁이 생존율은 SSD0구가 각각 10.19와 35.2%이었으나, 톱밥 혼합수준이 증가함에 따라 탄질율은 11.09~16.44로 높아졌으며, 실험기간 동안 지렁이의 생존율은 35.2~100%로 나타났다. 산자수는 SSD40구에서 16.6 마리로 나타났으며, SSD0구 및 톱밥을 30% 이하 첨가구에서는 새끼 지렁이가 나타나지 않았다. 난포수와 난포중은 SSD30과 SSD40구가 각각 23.8~59.8개와 256~660mg의 범위로 나타났다. 지렁이 분립생산과 소화량은 톱밥 혼합수준이 높을수록 높게 나타났으며(p<0.05), 분립의 탄질율은 톱밥 혼합수준이 높을수록 높아져 SSD30과 SSD40구가 다른구 보다 유의하게 높았다(p<0.05). 중금속 함량은 톱밥 혼합수준이 높을수록 낮아지는 경향이었다. 이상의 결과를 종합하면, 돈분에 톱밥 혼합수준이 높을수록 지렁이의 생육과 증식이 향상되었으며, 특히 톱밥 30~40% 혼합 시에 돈분의 효율적인 vermicomposting을 기대할 수 있었다.

Carbonization process with pig manure is carried out to estimate the reaction kinetics with increasing carbonizationtime and temperature in the process. From the examination of conversion characteristics of pig manure, carbonizationreaction can be described by the 1st order kinetic reaction. Degree of carbonization, which can be expressed by C/H moleratio, is increased with increasing carbonization temperature. As increased carbonization temperature from 250oC to 400oC,reaction rate constant in the 1st order kinetic reaction is also increased from 0.0622min−1 to 0.1999min−1. Frequency factorand activation energy in Arrhenius equation for pig manure in the carbonization process can be decided by 1.06×10−3min−1 and 5441.8kcal/kmole, respectively. From the results of the reaction kinetics including TGA and SEM analysis,it is desirable that pig manure should be carbonized below carbonization temperature 400oC.

The Codonopsis pilosula is traditional oriental herb associated with immune-modulatory functions and has anti-inflammatory properties and antioxidative activity. The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation of Codonopsis pilosula extract powder (CEP) on the immunity and productivity in sows and piglets. A total of 20 pregnant sows were randomly assigned to two dietary treatments, which was given a corn-soybean meal diet with 0% and 0.5% CEP from 40 days prepartum to weaning (25 days postpartum). The immune system of piglets was expected to build up, because the feeding of CEP might increase the colostrum contents in sows. We also predicted that the growth performance of piglets also could be increased by some compensation effects due to the increased immunity of piglets. In results, immunities of sows and piglets as well as growth performance of piglets were not affected by the supplementation of CEP. The correlation between the colostrum and the serum on the IgG contents tended to have a positive correlation, although there was no significant (coefficient, 0.435; P=0.102). This result suggests that the supplementation of CEP may increase IgG contents in sows and piglets and contribute to improve immunity of piglets. In conclusion, it is thought that the physiologically active substances of CEP did not influence to the immune synergic effects in vivo of sows. Thus, the metabolic and action mechanism of the physiologically active substances of CEP should be explored to evaluate the availability of CEP as a feed additive for the immunomodulator.

This study was carried out to evaluate the effect of replacing antibiotics by organic acid mixture on growth performances and blood metabolites in growing pigs. Twenty-five crossbred pigs (Large White×Landrace) at the age of 79 days were fed five different diets by supplementing organic acid mixture and chlortetracycline. The experimental diets were consisted of diets without antibiotics supple¬mentation (control), diets added 100㎎/㎏ of chlortetracycline to control diet (T1), diets added 100㎎/㎏ of chlortetracycline and 0.1 % of Acidomix®(comprising formic acid 25%, sorbic acid 10%, fumaric acid 10%) to control diet (T2), diets added 0.1% of Acidomix® to control diet (T3), and diets added 0.3% of Acidomix® to control diet (T4). The changes in feed conversion ratio, average daily gain and blood metabolites were investigated. Twenty-five pigs were allotted to five treatments with five replications of each and the experiment was conducted on the basis of complete randomized design for 6 weeks. Average daily gain was significantly (p＜0.05) different between T4 and control diets. All treatments including diets added Acidomix® and chlortetracycline were slightly higher than control diets. The feed intakes did not show a significant difference between the control and other treatments, and did not give change in feed intake by the addition of Acidomix®. No differences on feed conversion ratio among treatments were observed but T4 and T3 treatments showed lower value than other treatments. The concentrations of blood urea nitrogen, total cholesterol and triglyceride were significantly (p＜0.05) different among treatments, but their values were within the normal range representing that effects on blood profile by organic acid or antibiotics supplementation were not found. The results from this study indicated that adding chlortetracycline or organic acid mixtures to diets showed tendency to improve average daily gain and feed conversion ratio in growing pigs. These results showed that antibiotics could be replaced by organic acid mixture in growing pig diets, leading to stimulated growth and improved feed conversion ratio.

돈차는 전남 서남부 지역 7개 군에서 이용된 것으로 확인된 가운데, 장흥군에서는 10군데의 마을에서 이용되었다. 돈차의 기본적인 제조공정은 “채엽→찌기→찧기→성형→건조→구멍뚫기→꿰기→건조→숙성” 이었다. 돈차의 건조는 그늘이나 햇볕 조건에서 꼬치를 꿰어서 걸어놓는 방법, 소쿠리에 올려놓는 방법, 화력에 의한 건조법 등이 주로 사용되었다.

1930-40년대 돈차는 전차, 단차, 벽돌차, 곶차, 강차, 차, 청태전 등으로 불린 가운데, ‘차’라는 이름이 대중적으로 이용되었다. 모양은 엽전 모양이었으며, 크기는 지름 2.3-10.0cm로 다양했다. 용도는 감기치료용, 배앓이 치료용, 두통치료 등에 이용되기도 하였으나 음료수용으로 많이 이용되었다.

돈차의 쓴맛, 떫은맛은 찻잎을 8월, 4월, 6월에 채취한 것 순으로 좋았고, 단맛, 향은 채엽 시기가 늦을수록 호전되는 양상을 보였다. 추출 횟수에 따른 맛은 첫 번째 추출물에서 좋은 것으로 나타났다. 돈차의 제조 후 숙성기간에 따른 맛은 4, 8개월이 경과된 차에서 식미가 향상되었다. 따라서 좋은 차맛을 갖는 돈차를 만들기 위해서는 돈차를 제조 후 4개월 이상 숙성을 시키는 것이 좋을 것으로 생각된다.

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of different ratios of rice straw to swine manure as an earthworm feed on the change of physico-chemical characteristics and earthworm viability during composting, and further to provide the basic information for an efficient vermicomposting using the manure of livestock. Experimental earthworm used in this study was Eisenia foetida and the ratio of swine manure and rice straw was determined to 100:0(SM), 90:10(SRS10), 80:20 (SRS20), 70:30(SRS30) and 60:40(SRS40) on the basis of volume. The results are summarized as follows. Earthworm appeared after 8 week of aging period, and it was possible for the earthworm to survive in all the treatments. C/N ratio was significantly higher (P＜0.05) in the treatments of rice straw mixture (SRS30 and SRS40) than swine manure alone (SM treatment). Appropriate C/N ratio for earthworm survival was the range of 10.43 to 11.16. During the period of aging, pH value and electrolyticconductivity (EC) were the highest in the treatment of swine manure alone. However, as the inclusion of rice straw was increased, pH value and EC showed a decreasing tendency. Appropriate pH value and EC for earthworm survival were 7.7 to 7.8, and 2.72 to 4.59mS/㎝, respectively. The results from this study indicated that mixing swine manure with rice straw more improved more physico-chemical environment for earthworm growth in comparison with swine manure alone, and rice straw showed the sufficient possibility as a bulking agent for an efficient vermicomposting of swine manure.