Constitutive modeling of constituent materials is very important for reinforced concrete (RC) frames. Cyclic constitutive behavior of unconfined concrete, confined concrete and reinforcing steel should be well defined in fiber-based discretization of RC sections. This study performs nonlinear dynamic analyses of RC frame structures to investigate the sensitivity of seismic behavior of such frames to different constitutive models of constituent materials. The study specifically attempts to examine confinement effects in concrete modeling and degrading effects in steel modeling, which substantially affects the monotonic, cyclic and seismic responses of RC members and frames. Based on the system level analysis, it is shown that the response of non-ductile frames is less sensitive to confined concrete models while the modeling of reinforcing steel is quite influential to the inelastic response of both non-ductile and ductile frames.

The capacity of a pressure fan can be designed based on the air flow resistance of containers packed with fruits and vegetables in a pressure cooling system. This study was conducted to develop an air flow resistance model that was dependent on changes in the air flow rate and the method of stacking containers. The air flow resistance of a container packed with uniformly shaped balls was 1.5 times greater than the sum of the air flow resistance of a vacant container and that of a wire net container packed with only balls. In addition, the air flow resistance increased exponentially as the width of the stacks increased; however, the air flow resistance did not increase greatly as the length and height of the stacks increased, which indicates that the air flow resistance is primarily influenced by the width of the stack in the air flow direction. The air flow resistance in two lines of stacking was up to 17% less than that of the width of the stack. It was also possible to determine the air flow resistance using a function of the air flow resistance through a single container and develop a prediction model. A prediction model of air flow resistance that is dependent on the stacking method and the air flow resistance of a single container was developed.

한국원자력연구원에서는 사용후핵연료를 직접 처분하는 대신 이를 처리하여 발생하는 방사성 폐기물을 심지 층에 직접 처분하는 방식의 A-KRS 개념의 방사성폐기물 처분 시스템을 개발해 오고 있다. 이러한 A-KRS 개 념에 대한 장기적 안전성 및 처분 시스템 성능 평가를 위한 모델을 GoldSim을 이용 개발하고 이를 지속적으로 수정 보완하고 개선해 오고 있다. KAERI에서 개발된 A-KRS 모델의 신뢰도를 증진 시키기 위하여 유사하게 개 발된 다른 모델과의 벤치마킹을 통한 비교 연구의 결과를 제시하였다. A-KRS모델을 미국 NRC에서 SwRI 연구 소의 협력을 통하여 개발하여 처분 시스템 성능평가에 활용한 SOAR와 비교하고 병행하여 스웨덴의 SKB에서 최근 수행한 SR-SiTE 안전성 평가를 통하여 KBS-3 개념의 처분 시스템 내 전단 응력에 따른 용기의 파손에 따른 유출 계산 결과와도 비교 검토하여, 전반적으로 상호 잘 일치하는 결과를 얻어 내었다. 보다 개선된 GoldSim으로의 모델의 이행의 필요성은 있으나 A-KRS 모델이 GoldSim을 통해 잘 이행되어 처분 시스템 안전 성 평가에 적합한 것으로 나타났다.

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of the Cordyceps militaris extract on the improvement of the glucide metabolism in serum of streptozotocin (STZ, 50 mg/kg BW, IP injection)-induced diabetic rats (SD strain, male) fed the experimental diets for 5 weeks. Concentrations of creatinine, lipid peroxide and NEFA in sera were significantly higher in the STZ-induced diabetic group (group DMG) and STZ+Cordyceps militaris extract administration group (group DMS) than those in the control group (group BD). However, the concentrations of creatinine, lipid peroxide and NEFA in sera were reduced in the group DMS than those in the group DMG. The activity of creatine phosphokinase (CPK) in serum was lower in the group DMS than in the group DMG. The activity of LCAT in serum was increased in the group DMS (Cordyceps militaris extract administration) than in the group DMG. The results indicate that Cordyceps militaris extract were effective in the improvement of the glucide metabolism in the sera of STZ-induced diabetic rats.

본 연구에서는 게임의 실외 지형을 구성하는 많은 수의 다양한 나무를 효율적이고 자연스럽게 표현하기 위한 나무 성장 모델을 설계한다. 제안하는 나무 성장 모델은 (1) 다양한 종류의 나무를 보다 직관적이면서 자연스럽고 효율적으로 모델링하기 위한 성장 볼륨 및 약수 함수의 합성 곱 기반의 나무 모델링 방법, (2) 복잡한 구조의 다수 나무들의 실시간 처리를 위하여 인스턴싱 기반의 가지의 세분화 단계를 통한 렌더링 방법, 그리고 (3) 이를 조합하여 게임 배경을 효율적으로 구축하는 방법으로 구성된 나무 성장 모델이다. 제안한 나무 성장 모델을 통하여 자연스럽고 다양한 나무의 성장과 이를 통한 자연스러운 게임 배경의 구축 가능성 및 실시간 처리의 효율성을 실험을 통해 확인한다.

FRP hybrid bar, a type of the reinforcing bar, is combined with the FRP or steel core and FRP cover. FRP braided hybrid bar is a type of the FRP hybrid bar having the FRP braid as FRP cover. To estimate the axial behavior of FRP braided hybrid bar, the behavior of FRP braid in axial direction of the bar should be calculated. In this paper, to estimate the stiffness of FRP braid in axial direction of the bar, the approximate analytical solution was proposed.

In this paper, we evaluate the applicability of p-y curve on the lateral behavior of monopile foundations as compared with FEM 3D models and present safety factors in case p-y curve method is used to investigate the lateral behavior of monopile foundations for 5MW offshore wind turbines in Korea.

Under cyclic loading, the shear capacity of reinforced concrete (RC) beam-column connections is significantly decreased by the joint bond-slip and shear cracking as deformation increases. In the present study, Joint shear strength model on the basis of bond-slip was developed to evaluate deformability at the joint shear failure.

The objective of this study is to apply a constitutive damage model for cyclic response of E-shaped dampers as well as metal and metallic plate dampers in order to be used in more broad area such as material and component level. Seismic isolation system using sliding bearings and metallic dampers experience almost elastoplastic behavior due to seismic excitation. Accordingly, a cyclic damage model is applied to understand inelastic behavior and to evaluate a potential damaged state of E-shaped dampers in seismic isolation system. This damage model is originally formulated through a thermodynamic approach based on entropy production equation. The proposed cyclic damage model is implemented as a user subroutine in the finite element software ABAQUS. Finally, numerical results of E-shaped energy dissipation devices in seismic isolation system are compared with experimental data to check the validity of this model

Existing approaches on flexural analysis of unbonded post-tensioned concrete beams are very difficult to be applied to estimation of service load behavior up to failure. In this study, theorectical flexural behavior model for post-tensioned members with unbonded tendons was, therefore, proposed based on the basic concept of idealization of curvature distribution within maximum moment region in a simple manner, which was previously developed by authors. The proposed model can predict the service load behavior as well as ultimate strength, and it is confirmed that this concept can be extended to estimate the flexural behavior of continuous unbonded post-tensioned members.

Based on the yield line theory, a theoretical model to predict the ultimate strength of fiber reinforced slab-on-grade subjected to concentric load was developed. The validity of the developemd model was examined by comparing its predictions with the test results obtained from SOGs reinforced either with conventional steel fibers or amorphous steel fibers. The average ratio of the theoretical predictions to experimental results on ultimate strength was 1.06.

In recent year, a reduction of the damage to nonstructural components such as piping, ceiling, mechanical and electrical equipments or an improvement on the performance of nonstructural components has emerged as a key area of research. Therefore, the primary objective of this study was to evaluate and understand the seismic performance of the complex piping system such as a T-joint connection. Furthermore, it was targeted on evaluating the Finite Element (FE) Model of the T-joint connection based on moment-rotation relationship of the experimental tests. The results of FE analysis by OpenSees were in a good agreement with the experimental test result till the failure point in both models.

Gas permeability is a substantial parameter for understanding the durability performance of concrete and its micro‐structural densification. Nevertheless, it is very rate to deal with the effect of carbonation on the parameter. In this paper, it is introduced to define transport coefficient of carbonated concrete such as gas permeability coefficient Kg. These are expressed as time function considering hydration evolution of hardened cement paste. The definition of the material parameters is a prerequisite to simulate the deterioration of concrete as time elapsed

In this study, to estimate the corrosion initiation time of reinforced concrete structures subjected to chlorine environments, a 2-parameter model for the age factor of concrete diffusion coefficients is proposed and its applicability is discussed.