This paper deals with the phase analysis of bulk using spark plasma sintering process after ball milling. Mg and amorphous B powders were used as raw materials, and milled by planetary-mill for 9 hours at argon atmosphere. In order to confirm formation of phase, DTA and XRD were used. The milled powders were fabricated to bulk at the various temperatures by Spark Plasma Sintering. The fabricated bulk was evaluated with XRD, EDS, FE-SEM and PPMS. In the DTA result, reaction on formation of phase started at . This means that ball milling process improves reactivity on formation of phase. The MgO and FeB phases were characterized from XRD result. MgO and FeB were undesirable phases which affect formation of phase, and it's distribution could be confirmed from EDS mapping result. Spark Plasma Sintered sample for 5 min at was relatively densified and it's density and transition temperature showing super conducting property were and 21K.

베트남내 지역별로 채집된 벼멸구의 유연관계 및 개체간의 다양성을 Micro-satellite marker를 이용하여 조사하였다. 벼의 주요해충인 벼멸구(Nilaparvata lugens)는 벼를 직접 흡즙하여 피해를 줄 뿐만 아니라 2차적으로 벼에 virus병을 매개하여 벼 재배지에 심한 피해를 주고 있다. 상세한 지역 간에 유전적 변이를 확인하기 위해 베트남의 네 지역, Haipong, Ha Tay, Can Tho, Cuu long에서 채집한 벼멸구를 마이크로새털라이트 마커를 이용하여 유전적 다양성을 분석하였다. 5개의 위치(18, 27, 65, 67, 76)를 기준으로 분석한 결과, Haipong과 Ha Tay, 그리고 Can Tho와 Cuu long 지역이 각각 유전적으로 비슷할 것으로 나타났다. 이는 북쪽과 남쪽은 지리적으로 멀기 때문에 유전적 교류가 적게 일어나고, 남북의 각 지역 간에는 개체군의 이동이 보다 쉽게 발생하기 때문으로 생각된다. 이러한 정보는 베트남 지역 간에 벼멸구의 이동과 분산의 근원과 경로를 파악하는데 중요한 기초자료가 될 것으로 생각된다. 또한 비래하는 벼멸구의 근원지와 이동 경로를 분석하여 예찰함으로서 벼 재배지에 벼멸구 대발생 피해를 최소화 할 수 있을 것이다. 더 정확한 결과를 위해서는 더 많은 연구가 수행되어야 할 것으로 생각된다.

BGA test sockets failed earlier than the expected life-time due to abnormal signal delay, shown especially at the low temperature (-50˚C). Analysis of failed sockets was conducted by EDX, AES, and XRD. A SnO layer contaminated with C was found to form on the surface of socket pins. The formation of SnO layer was attributed to the repeated Sn transfer from BGA balls to pin surface and instant oxidation of fresh Sn. As a result, contact resistance increased, inducing signal delay. Abnormal signal delay at the low temperature was attributed to the increasing resistivity of Sn oxide with decreasing temperature, as manifested by the resistance measurement of SnO2.

Composites of gadolinium-doped ceria/magnesia(CGO/MgO) were synthesized and characterized for the electrolytes of intermediate temperature solid oxide fuel cells. XRD and SEM results revealed that composite electrolytes consisted of their own phases after sintering at 1400˚C without noticeable solid solution of Mg into CGO. As the MgO content increased, the total electrical conductivity decreased, which might be attributed to the decrease of grain boundary conductivity, possibly due to the lowering of the continuity of the CGO grains and blocking effects of the insulating MgO phase. The space charge effect may not be a significant factor to affect the electrical conductivity of the CGO/MgO composites.