된장의 영양성과 기능성을 향상시키기 위해 해양심층수와 protease 고 생산성 미생물을 이용하여 개량식 된장을 제조하여 다양한 기능적 특성을 조사하였다. Protease 활성은 재래식 된장에서 분리한 DH3을 접종시킨 된장이 (unit/mL/min)로 가장 우수하였다. Protease 활성과 ACE저해 활성은 발효기간이 길어질수록 증가되었으며 발효 30일 후 된장M과 된장 PD의 동결건조 분말(10mg/mL)의 ACE 저해활성은 각각 , 로 조
This study was carried out to estimate the selection of appropriate forage crops proper application levels of livestock manure, and carrying capacity per unit area for organic livestock, as influenced by livestock manure application levels compared with chemical fertilizer to corn and sorghum × sorghum hybrid, in order to produce organic forages by utilizing livestock manure. For both corns and sorghum × sorghum hybrids, no fertilizer plots had significantly (p
The highland area remained bare for the winter and spring seasons and this condition has resulted in soil erosion. In this areas, crop rotation by legume has not been commonly practiced. Thus, this study was carried out to evaluate the effects of the growth characteristics and nitrogen yield as a green manure crop according to sowing seasons of hairy vetch and woolly pod vetch. In this experiment, we was investigated the growth characteristics, winter tolerance, soil coverage and productivities of hairy vetch and woolly pod vetch. We cultivated two hairy vetch(Madison, H1) and two woolly pod vetch(Naomi, Haymaker) varieties in the highland are a from 2006 to 2007. The result are summarized as follows; The plant heigpt of hairy vetch increased with the progress of growth stage until flowering stage. The wintering rate of hairy vetch was 79~83% in highland area. But, the wintering rate of woolly pod vetch was 29.5~39.2%. The 100% soil coverage of hairy vetch was reached between end of May and beginning of June under autumn sowing and between end of June and beginning of July under spring sowing The weeds density of hairy vetch field under autumn sowing was lower than that under spring sowing Dry matter yield of hairy vetch was significantly higher than that of woolly pod vetch under autumn sowing. The dry matter yield of hairy vetch and woolly pod vetch were 5,255~5,405㎏/㏊ and 3,520~3,640㎏/㏊, respectively. But, hairy vetch in spring sowing was not significantly higher fresh matter yield than that of woolly pod vetch. The nitrogen content in hairy vetch and woolly pod vetch was 2.98~3.08 and 2.74~3.21%, respectively. There were no significant difference in nitrogen content of the hairy vetch and woolly pod vetch under the spring sowing. N-uptake of hairy vetch was significantly higher than that of woolly pod vetch in autumn sowing. The N uptake was 156~164 ㎏/㏊ in hairy vetch and 96~101 ㎏/㏊ in woolly pod vetch under autumn sowing. It was thought that hairy vetch was better than woolly pod vetch as a green manure crop in autumn sowing considering wintering rate and yield of dry matter in highland area. And woolly pod vetch could use as a green manure crop under spring sowing in highland area.
녹비작물은 농업생산의 건전성과 지속성 유지를 위하여 작부체계내의 재배기술이 중요하다. 특히 두과 녹비작물인 헤어리베치는 공중질소를 고정할 뿐만 아니라 생초 생산력과 질소함량이 높아서 생물비료로써는 높은 효과를 가지고 있다. 본시험은 이러한 효과를 가진 헤어리베치의 답리작에서 안전성을 구명하고자 파종방법별 녹비생산력 및 토양 이화학성의 변화를 구명하고 수행하였다. 시험장소는 경기도 수원시 서둔동 국립식량과학원 벼 시험포장에서 벼 수확 후 답리작으로 시험을 수행하였다. 시험토양은 신흥통으로 식양질이었고, 헤어리베치는 중국에서 도입한 H-1을 파종하였다. 파종방법은 벼 입모중 파종과 벼수확 후 부분경운파종 및 세조파를 하였다. 입모중파종과 부분경운파종이 세조파에 비하여 녹비 생산성이 우수하였고 토양물리성도 개선되는 경향이었다.
귀리는 가축 기호성 및 사료가치가 높기 때문에 축산농가가 선호하며, 생육속도가 빨라 다른 작물과 연계한 작부 도입 용이한 장점이 있다. 국내에는 생태형 및 용도에 따라 하파, 추파용 및 쌀귀리 등 다양한 귀리품종이 개발되어 있으나 우수품종의 홍보 및 재배기술 개발 미흡으로 축산농가는 종자를 도입 품종에 의존하고 있다. 따라서 도입 귀리 종자를 국내품종으로 대체하고, 조사료 연중 생산을 위해 작부체계상 적기에 적품종이 공급 재배되도록 국내 육성품종의 작기별 생육 반응 검토하였다. 시험재료는 하이스피드, 다크호스, 스완(하파용, 8월 중순 파종, 10월 중순 수확), 삼한, 동한, 조한(추파용)및 선양, 대양, 조양(쌀귀리)이었고, 이들을 3월 상순부터 11월 상순까지 한 달에 2회 총 16회를 파종하여 생육, 조사료 수량 및 사료가치를 평가하였다. 각 절기에 따른 귀리 생태형별 건물수량은 춘파에서는 하파>쌀귀리>추파용 귀리, 하파에서는 하파>쌀귀리>추파용 귀리, 추파에서는 추파>쌀귀리>하파용 귀리 순으로 높았고, 계절별로 조사료 생산성이 우수한 품종은 하이스피드, 조양, 다크호스(춘파), 하이스피드, 다크호스, 스완(하파), 삼한, 동한, 동한(추파)순이었다. 그리고 여름 재배(5월 하순 ~8월 초순 파종)에서는 하고와 습해 등 생육장해로 인해 모든 생태형에서 조사료 생산이 불가능하였다. 기타 이들의 출수반응과 사료가치에 대해 고찰하였다.
참돌꽃 캘러스로부터 elicitor와 전구체가 salidroside 생산에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. Elicitor로서 효모추출물, 연자성 세라믹, methyl jasmonate, jasmonic acid, ascorbic acid, 및 중금속 (CuCl2/CdCl2)을 캘러스 배양에 처리하였다. 효모추출물 0.2g/l농도로 처리한 결과 처리하지 않은 대조구에 보다 3.45배 증가시켰다. 사용된 elicitor 중 효모추출물이 가장 높은 salidroside 생산을 보여 가장 적합한 elicitor로 사료된다. 전구체로서 L-phenylalanine과 L-tyrosine을 배지에 첨가하여 4일 간 배양 처리하였다. Salidroside 함량분석 결과 캘러스로부터 전구체들은 유용물질 생합성에 영향을 주지는 않았다. 캘러스 배양에 첨가 처리된 L-tyrosine의 모든 농도의 경우에는 캘러스 생장뿐만 아니라 salidroside 생산을 감소시켰다.
This trial was conducted to assess effects of cattle slurry application on productivity and feed values of barley and hairy vetch when they were influenced by single or mixed-sowed cultivation in paddy fields, and to obtain good quality of organic forage resources. The results summarized are as follows. For barley and hairy vetch, single-sowed cultivation was lower in annual dry matter (DM) and total digestible nutrients (TDN) yields than mixed-sowed (P
This study was conducted to determine adequate forage crop choice and optimal level of livestock manure, when different types and levels of the livestock manure were applied in corns or sorghum×sorghum hybrids for the production of organic roughages by utilizing livestock manure. For the corn, yields of annual dry matter (DM) and total digestible nutrients (TDN) were highest in N+P+K-applied treatments, showing 17.3 and 11.7 ton/ha, respectively. Treatments applied 100% composted cattle manure (8.9 and 6.1 ton/ha) and 100% cattle slurry (9.4 and 7.5 ton/ha) in contrast with chemical fertilizer-N had higher yields of DM and TDN than no fertilizer (4.8 and 2.7 ton/ha) and P+K-applied treatments (8.8 and 6.0 ton/ha). Particularly, treatments applied 150% composted cattle manure and 150% cattle slurry were markedly higher, which represented 11.4 and 7.6 ton/ha and 10.3 and 7.3 ton/ha, respectively. Crude protein (CP) contents for corns applied livestock manure ranged from 5.6 to 6.6%, which were significantly (p<0.05) higher than those of no fertilizer (3.9%) and P+K-applied treatments (5.5%). ADF (42.4%) and NDF (58.3%) contents for no fertilizer treatment were significantly (p<0.05) higher than those of other treatments. However, TDN contents were higher for livestock manure treatments than for no and/or chemical fertilizer treatments. In particular, TDN contents of treatments applied 150% composted cattle manure and 150% cattle slurry showed 72.3 and 70.8%, respectively and both treatments were significantly (p<0.05) higher than all of the other treatments. For the sorghum×sorghum hybrid, yields of annual DM and TDN for 100% (12.4 and 7.4 ton/ha) and 150% (13.1 and 7.6 ton/ha) cattle slurry-applied treatments, and N+P+K-applied treatments (12.6 and 7.7 ton/ha) were significantly (p<0.05) higher than those of the others. In the others, 150% composted cattle manure (9.3 and 5.2 ton/ha) had higher annual DM and TDN yields than P+K-applied (8.4 and 4.8 ton/ha) and 100% composted cattle manure treatments (7.4 and 4.2 ton/ha), with no significant difference. Crude protein contents for sorghum×sorghum hybrid applied P+K and cattle slurry were 8.8 and 8.6%, respectively. CP contents for both treatments were significantly higher than those of composted manure (7.5~8.3%) and no fertilizer (4.0%) treatments, but 100% livestock manure treatments had higher CP contents than 150%-applied treatments. ADF and NDF contents for N+P+K and cattle slurry-applied treatments were significantly (p<0.05) lower than the others. However, TDN contents were highest in N+P+K and cattle slurry-applied treatments, showing 61.2 and 58.3 to 59.4%, respectively. These results indicated that application of livestock manure instead of chemical fertilizer to the soil of forage crops might not only improve yields of DM and TDN, but also reduce environmental pollution by producing organic roughages through recycling of livestock manure.
컨테이너 화물의 복합운송시스템 중에서 체화현상은 항만에서 가장 심각하다. 이러한 문제를 해결하기 위해 해상과 육상의 경계선에서 체선체화 문제를 발생시키는 컨테이너 크레인의 직업효율을 향상시키는 방법을 생각할 수 있다. 이를 위해 본 연구에서는 가능한 범위에서 트롤리를 목표지점까지 빠르게 이동시키는 동시에 목표위치에서의 흔들림도 짧은 시간 내에 제어하는 문제를 다루고 있다. 제어 전략으로 설계된 구간에서 최적의 성능과 강인성이 보장되는 LQ 제어와 제약조건에서 최적화가 가능한 실수코딩 유전알고리즘을 결합한다. 컴퓨터 시뮬레이션을 통해 제안한 제어기가 설정한 설계사양을 완벽하게 만족하는 것을 보임으로 그 유효성을 증명한다.
This study was conducted to evaluate effects of feeding earthworm meal on the meat safety and performance of broiler chicks. A total of 60 broiler chicks at 7 days of age were fed the commercial diet and water until 47 days of age, earthworm meal divided into three treatments, 0% (control), 0.4% (treatment-1) and 0.6% (treatment-2) of dry earthworm meal. The body weight gain and feed/gain tend to be increase fed a 0.4 to 0.6% than 0% of earthworm meal. The effects tended to be higher in 0.4% than 0.6% of earthworm meal. As, Cd, Cr, Hg and Pb were detected at level of 4.41, 1.23, 1.18, 0.00 and 3.39ppm in earthworm meal, respectively, but those were not detected in the chicken meat (breast and thigh meat). It was assumed that supplementing 0.4% of earthworm meal in the broiler diet, improved the performance of broiler chicks and it still did not affect meat safety.
This experiment was conducted to study the spring productivity and feeding value of hairy vetch varieties. We also measured DM yield and feeding value by analyze CP and CF that authors made possible to calculate TDN and RFV. The results can be summarized as follows; Dry matter yield were increased earlier autumn seeding date and later cut in spring. Differences of dry matter yield in earlier cut in spring was high in order of Ostsaat, Welta, Vv4712, Penn-02, Common and Minnie. Crude protein(CP) yield was increased when earlier autumn seeding date and later cut in spring. Total digestible nutrient(TDN) yield of hairy vetch varieties was decreased when later autumn seeding date, and was increased when later cut in spring. TDN yield was highest in Ostsaat and Welta varieties had highest dry matter yield. Acid detergent fiber(ADF) content was decreased when later autumn seeding date and was increased when later cut in spring. Neutral detergent fiber (NDF) content was decreased when later autumn seeding date. Average values for relative feed value(RFV) were 157% and 132% in both cut. It shows that a high feed value in all of hairy vetch varieties. Above all, the results presented that the optimal seeding date for cultivating hairy vetch in the central region of Korea is between the 10th to the 20th of September. Because Ostsaat and Welta had significantly high dry matter yield we expected Ostsaat and Welta have a higher wintering ability.
석탄회의 시용은 토양의 pH를 증가시키는 경향을 보였으며, 무연탄회 보다는 유연탄회에서 그 효과가 더 현저하였다. 석탄회 시용에 의한 토양 pH 교정효과는 토양중 유효인산의 함량을 증대시켰으나 공시토양의 높은 pH와 고온, 건조한 환경으로 인하여 석탄회의 시용량이 증가하여 토양 중의 인산함량이 높을수록 식물체에 함유된 인산의 함량이 오히려 낮아지는 경향을 보였다. 토마토의 수량은 식물체내의 인산함량이 높은 처리구에서 많아 식물체 중의 인산 함량의 증가가 식물의 수량을 증가시키는 요인이 된 것으로 생각된다. 수확기별로 보면 모든 처리구에서 제 2과방의 주된 수확시기인 7월 21일에서 7월 30일 사이에 주당 수확된 과실의 수가 많았고, 과실의 개별 무게가 무거워 수량이 가장 많았다. 결론적으로 석탄회의 시용은 토양의 물리화학성을 개량시키는데 기여하는 것으로 생각된다.
본 연구의 목적은 기존의 컨테이너터미널 이송차량의 기술대안을 분석하여 터미널 생산성을 높일 수 있는 고생산성이송차량 모델을 개발하는 것이다. 대안 개발을 위해 YT(Yard Tractor), S/C(Straddle Carrier), SHC(Shuttle Carrier), AGV(Automated Guided Vehicle) 등의 이송차량에 대한 기술적 사양을 분석하며, 이송차량의 기술단계별 세대를 분류하기 위하여 운영현황과 성능을 조사한다. 본 연구에서 제시하는 이송차량의 개발 대안은 향후 고생산성의 진보된 컨테이너 터미널에 유용하게 활용될 것이다.
재배년수 및 재식거리에 따른 삼백초의 생산성을 구명하여 재배법 확립의 기초자료를 제공하고자 40×5 cm 등 6처리를 두어 2002년부터 3년간 시험한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 가. 경엽 생육중 초장은 1년생은 소식할수록 좋았으나, 2년생은 재식거리 40×10 cm, 3년생은 40×20 cm에서 가장 좋았으며, 분얼수는 1, 2, 3년생 모두 밀식할수록 많았고, 근경생육은 1, 2년생은 밀식할수록 양호한 경향이었으나, 3년생은 40×20 cm에서 가장 좋았다. 나. 상품 경엽수량은 1년생은 재식거리 40×5 cm, 2년생 40×10 cm, 3년생 40×20 cm, 1~2년 누적수량 40×10 cm, 1~3년 누적수량 40×10, 20 cm에서 가장 많았다.
This experiment was conducted to investigate effects of application of diluted and undiluted cattle slurry with water on seasonal and annual dry matter yields and feed values of tall fescue in the uncultivated rice paddy and it was compared with chemical fertilizer. Annual dry matter yields for diluted (average 6.43 ton DM/㏊) and undiluted (average 6.56 ton DM/㏊) cattle slurry were significantly higher (p<0.05) than those of no fertilizer (3.82 ton DM/㏊). This trend was much more conspicuous in treatments applied in spring. In chemical fertilizer treatments, fertilizers with P and K (6.12 ton DM/㏊), and P, K and N (10.13 ton DM/㏊) had significantly (p<0.05) higher dry matter yields compared with no fertilizer. However, annual dry matter yields for treatments of P and K mixture tended to be lower than those of cattle slurry applications. The efficiency of DM production for inorganic nitrogen in chemical fertilizers annually averaged 26.7kg DM/kg N. In terms of cutting frequencies, it was highest in 2nd growth followed by 1st and 3rd growth. On the other hand, efficiencies of annual DM production of nitrogen for diluted and undiluted cattle slurry were 18.3 and 17.4 ㎏ DM/kg N, respectively, especially, highest in 2nd growth. While, efficiencies of DM production for cattle slurry versus for inorganic nitrogen were 68.5 (undiluted) and 65.2% (diluted), respectively. For annual crude protein contents of tall fescue, no fertilization (11.5%) was significantly higher than chemical fertilizer, but that was lower than cattle slurry (12.4~12.6%) diluted with water. on the contrary, no fertilizers had significantly lower NDF (64.1%) and ADF (37.2%) contents than those of any other treatments, but their RFV (87.0) was significantly higher (p<0.05) than other treatments. The application of cattle slurry and their dilution significantly increased yields of crude protein and total digestible nutrients compared with no and/or P and K fertilizers (p<0.05). This trend was more conspicuous in cattle slurry applied in the early spring.
This study was conducted to assess the nutritional value and the safety of the fermented food wastes (FFW) made by adding lactobacillus spp. and bacillus spp. at the ratio of 3:7, respectively to food wastes collected everywhere, and also to determine effects on the performances, carcass characteristics and economical profitability when FFW was fed to pigs. For swine trial, FFW was formulated to pellet by utilizing different feed ingredients, and its formulated FFW pellet was used in this feeding trial. Treatments were consisted of different ratios (T1:100+0%, T2: 75+25%, T3: 50+50%, T4: 25+75%, T5: 0+100%) of FFW pellet to commercial diet. A total of 20 male pigs were allotted to treatments of five groups of four pigs per pen. Experimental period lasted for 4 months. The nutritional composition of FFW was 56.7, 19.5 and 19.5% for moisture, crude protein and ether extract, respectively. Salt content was 0.39%. Noxious microorganisms such as salmonella and E. coli were not detected in FFW, and contents of heavy metal and aflatoxin B1 were lower than the standard. Nutritional values of FFW pellet satisfied over 100% of requirements presented in official Korean feeding standard for swine. Feeding trial for pigs showed that feed intakes were significantly (P<0.05) decreased with increasing levels of FFW pellet. T2 treatment was ideal ratio under the consideration of economical value of feeds and body weight gain of pigs. For carcass characteristics, dressing rate (%) was highest in T3, and carcass grades for T2, T3 and T4 treatments were estimated as “A”. Feed cost for FFW per kg was ₩167.95, which implies 52% of commercial feed cost (₩350/㎏). Thus, this result implied the decreased feed cost in the swine farm. Con-clusively, the utilization of food wastes as feed source may lead to the reduced environmental pollution and the practice of organic livestock farming. However, our results showed that excessive amount of fermented food wastes supplementation to pigs might give rise to their reduced palatability and delayed growth.
본 연구에서는 수직배치형 장치장 블록형태의 자동화 컨테이너 터미널을 대상으로 안벽에서 컨테이너의 양·적하 작업을 수행하는 안벽크레인(Q/C)에 대한 하역생산성을 평가해 보았다. 분석 대상이 되는 안벽크레인의 유형으로 기존의 싱글트롤리 타입외에 차세대 안벽크레인으로 인식되고 있는 듀얼트롤리 더블트롤리, 수직순환식의 하역방식을 가지는 네 가지 장비이다. 이들은 각기 다른 방식으로 선박의 컨테이너를 하역하며, 이들 각각에 대해 기계적 생산성과 순작업 생산성을 산출해 보았다. 특히, 안벽크레인의 순작업 생산성을 산출하기 위해 각 장비에 대한 시뮬레이션 모델을 수립하고 이를 적용한 시뮬레이션 시스템을 개발하였으며, 개발된 시뮬레이션 시스템을 통해 내 가지 안벽크레인에 대한 다양한 시뮬레이션이 수행되었다.
차나무 카테킨류의 생산성을 높이기 위하여 차나무 잎의 캘러스 배양시 thiamine-HCl과PVP의 효과를 조사하였다. 캘러스의 생장은 20 mg/L thiamine-HCl이 포함된 캘러스증식배지(0.2 mg/L 2,4-D와 1.0 mg/L TDZ가 첨가된 MS 배지)에서 가장 왕성하여 대조구에 비해 1.7배의 생장을 보였다. 배양된 캘러스의 카페인 함량은 신초에 비해 10%이하로 낮아졌고 총 카테킨류 함량은 40 mg/L thiamine-HCl에서 가장 높아 신초의 1.6배까지 증가하였다. 특히 신초에서는 검출되지 않았던 (-)-epicatechin(EC)이 thiamine-HCl 또는 PVP를 처리하여 배양하였을 경우 모든 처리에서 검출되었으며, (-)-epicatechingallate(ECG)는 신초에서 보다 4.8배나 높은 함량을 나타내었다. 캘러스 생장과 고효율의 카테킨 생산을 고려했을 때 30 mg/L thiamine-HCl이 포함된 배지가 최적의 배양조건으로 판단된다.