Gas turbine engines are widely used as prime movers of generator and propulsion system in warships. This study addresses the problem of designing a DS-based PID controller for speed control of the LM-2500 gas turbine engine used for propulsion in warships. To this end, we first derive a dynamic model of the LM-2500 using actual sea trail data. Next, the PRC (process reaction curve) method is used to approximate the first-order plus time delay (FOPTD) model, and the DS-based PID controller design technique is proposed according to approximation of the time delay term. The proposed controller conducts set-point tracking simulation using MATLAB (2016b), and evaluates and compares the performance index with the existing control methods. As a result of simulation at each operating point, the proposed controller showed the smallest in , which means that the rpm does not change rapidly. In addition, IAE and IAC were also the smallest, showing the best result in error performance and controller effort.

Thin-film shape technology is recognized for its core technology to enhance the technology of LCD, PDP, semiconductor manufacturing processes, hard disks and optical disks, and is widely used to form coated thin films of products. In addition, resistance (electron beam filament) technology for heating is used to manufacture filament for ion implants used in semiconductor manufacturing processes. By establishing an electronic beam filament production system and developing seven specifications of electronic beam filament, it is contributing to improving trade dynamics and increasing exports to Japan through localized media of theoretical imports to domestic companies. In this study, CAE analysis was performed after setting electron beam filament specification and development objectives, facilities and fabrication for electron beam filament production, electron beam filament JIG & fixture design and fabrication followed by electron beam filament prototype. Then, the automation and complete inspection equipment of the previously developed electronic beam filament manufacturing facilities was developed and researched to mass-produce them, to analyze and modify prototypes, design and manufacture automation facilities, and finally, to design and manufacture the complete inspection equipment. In this paper, design and manufacture of electronic beam filament automation facilities for mass production were dealted with.

Zero-waste pattern cutting is a groundbreaking sustainable fashion practice. However, few brands and designers have pursued this method because it requires creative pattern design that diverges from the existing process of using pattern slopers. Therefore, application within the fashion industry is not sufficient. Therefore, in an attempt to highlight the key characteristics of zero-waste pattern design, this study classifies and analyzes cases in which similar designs employ zero-waste pattern-cutting techniques. We hope to make zero-waste pattern design more accessible by presenting realistic pattern-cutting guidelines. To this end, theoretical research on relevant literature, previous research, and online resources and an empirical analysis of cases involving zero-waste pattern cutting were conducted in parallel. As a result of the study, we were able to classify the factors of zero-waste pattern design in terms of fabric use, design, and composition. Regarding materials, our research revealed the importance of appropriate fabric width, understanding the difference between waste minimization and minimal fabric use, and easy reuse and recycling. In terms of design, the simultaneous progress of pattern and design work, adjustable loose silhouettes, and the use of surplus fabric for functional and decorative details emerged as key characteristics. For composition, we found that size adjustment limits, arrangement irregularity, and pattern shapes were crucial elements and that various arrangements revealed unlimited design potential.

생물환경조절학회지 31권 4호에 게재된 논문의 사사가 잘못 기재되어 있어 바로 잡습니다.

The external weather conditions including temperature and wind speed in the Saemangeum reclaimed land is different from that of the inland, affecting the internal environment of the greenhouse. Therefore, it is important to select an appropriate covering material considering the insulation effect according to the type and characteristics of the covering material considering the weather condition in the Saemangeum reclaimed land. A hexahedral insulation chamber was designed to evaluate the insulation efficiency of each glass-clad material in the outside weather condition in reclaimed land. In order to evaluate the insulation effect of each covering material, a radiator was installed and real-time power consumption was monitored. 16-mm PC (polycarbonate), 16-mm PMMA (polymethyl methacrylate), 4-mm greenhouse glass, and 16-mm double-layered glass were used as the covering materials of the chamber. In order to understand the effect of the external wind directions, the windward and downwind insulation properties were evaluated. As a result of comparing the thermal insulation effect of each greenhouse cover material to single-layer glass, the thermal insulation effect of double-layer glass was 16.9% higher, while PMMA and PC were 62.5% and 131.2% higher respectively. On average the wind speed on the windward side was 53.1% higher than that on the lee-wind side, and the temperature difference between the inside and outside of the chamber at the wind ward side was found to be 52.0% larger than that on the lee ward side. During the experiment period, the overall heating operation time for PC was 39.2% lower compared to other insulation materials. Showing highest energy efficiency, and compared to PC, single-layer glass power consumption was 37.4% higher.

Recently, as interest in safe food and ingredient content has increased, the demand for highly concentrated health functional food that can be manufactured at home is increasing. Accordingly, in this study, we developed a galenic maker that can increase the extraction efficiency of herbal medicine(ginseng) ingredients and shorten the manufacturing time. After verifying the safety of the designed components through structural analysis and thermal flow analysis, the dimensions and shape of the galenic maker were determined. A prototype was produced based on the design process and the performance of the product was verified through extraction efficiency and ingredient analysis.

In the automobile manufacturing industry, lightweight design is one of the essential challenges to be solved fundamentally. The vehicle wheels are classified as safety related components as the main substructure of the vehicle. In this study, we illustrate a technique for selecting the appropriate number of spokes. Based on the basic model of the selected number of spokes, we propose a method to maintain stiffness and design lightweight using topology optimization software. Based on the basic model of the selected number of spokes, it was redesigned to be lightweight while maintaining stiffness by utilizing topology optimization software. By comparing and reviewing the structural analysis results of the basic model and the redesigned model, a design technique that can maintain structural safety and reduce wheel mass was proposed.

본 논문에서는 AI 기반 설계 탐색 기법을 활용하여 선박의 주요 치수 최적화를 수행하였다. 설계 탐색 기법은 최적화 프로그램 HEEDS의 SHERPA 알고리즘을 사용하였다. 유동 해석은 상용 CFD 코드인 STAR-CCM+를 사용하였고, 주요 치수 변환은 전처리 과정에서 JAVA Script와 Python을 사용하여 선박의 치수가 자동으로 변환되도록 설정하였다. 대상 선박은 소형 쌍동선형으로 주요 치수 최적화는 한쪽 선형의 길이, 폭, 흘수 그리고 단동선형 간의 간격에 대하여 수행되었다. 최적화 알고리즘에 사용된 목적함수는 총저항이며, 내부 의 장 시스템의 크기 등을 고려한 배수 체적의 범위를 제한조건으로 선정하였다. 그 결과 최적 선형의 주요 치수는 기존 선형 대비 ±5% 내 에서 변화가 있었고 총저항은 약 11% 개선된 결과를 보였다. 본 연구를 통해 선박의 형상을 직접 변경하지 않더라도 주요 치수 최적화를 통해 선박의 저항 성능이 향상됨을 확인하였고, 다양한 선박의 주요 치수 최적화를 통한 성능 향상에 활용이 될 것으로 기대한다.

로터 블레이드는 조류발전 터빈의 매우 중요한 구성 요소로서, 해수의 높은 밀도로 인해 큰 추력(Trust force)와 하중(Load)의 영 향을 받는다. 따라서 블레이드의 형상 및 구조 설계를 통한 성능과 복합소재를 적용한 블레이드의 구조적 안전성을 반드시 확보해야 한 다. 본 연구에서는 블레이드 설계 기법인 BEM(Blade Element Momentum) 이론을 이용해 1MW급 대형 터빈 블레이드를 설계하였으며, 터빈 블레이드의 재료는 강화섬유 중의 하나인 GFRP(Glass Fiber Reinforced Plastics)를 기본으로 CFRP(Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastics)를 샌드위치 구조에 적용해 블레이드 단면을 적층(Lay-up)하였다. 또한 유동의 변화에 따른 구조적 안전성을 평가하기 위해 유체-구조 연성해석 (Fluid-Structure Interactive Analysis, FSI) 기법을 이용한 선형적 탄성범위 안의 정적 하중해석을 수행하였으며, 블레이드의 팁 변형량, 변형 률, 파손지수를 분석해 구조적 안전성을 평가하였다. 결과적으로, CFRP가 적용된 Model-B의 경우 팁 변형량과 블레이드의 중량을 감소시 켰으며, 파손지수 IRF(Inverse Reserce Factor)가 Model-A의 3.0*Vr를 제외한 모든 하중 영역에서 1.0 이하를 지시해 안전성을 확보할 수 있었 다. 향후 블레이드의 재료변경과 적층 패턴의 재설계뿐 아니라 다양한 파손이론을 적용해 구조건전성을 평가할 예정이다.

This study chiefly aims to clarify efficient methods considering behavioral pattern of refugees in multi-use facilities which can be applied to architectural planning. Accordance with COVID-19 situation, it is mandatory to check the temperature of visitors as a measure for the prevention of COVID-19 in multiuser facilities. When disaster occurs, for people in multi-use facilities such as medical facilities, museum, concert hall etc, it is difficult to find out short and right route to outside since the spatial characteristics are not familiar to visitors. If we design floor plans and circulation system considering behavioral pattern of refugees we can prevent the spread of disasters when they happen.

Thin-film shape technology is recognized for its core technology to enhance the technology of LCD, PDP, semiconductor manufacturing processes, hard disks and optical disks, and is widely used to form coated thin films of products. In addition, resistance (electron beam filament) technology for heating is used to manufacture filament for ion implants used in semiconductor manufacturing processes. By establishing an electronic beam filament production system and developing seven specifications of electronic beam filament, it is contributing to improving trade dynamics and increasing exports to Japan through localized media of theoretical imports to domestic companies. In this study, CAE analysis was performed after setting electron beam filament specification and development objectives, facilities and fabrication for electron beam filament production, electron beam filament JIG & fixture design and fabrication followed by electron beam filament prototype. Then, the automation and complete inspection equipment of the previously developed electronic beam filament manufacturing facilities was developed and researched to mass-produce them, to analyze and modify prototypes, design and manufacture automation facilities, and finally, to design and manufacture the complete inspection equipment. In this paper, mainly design and manufacturing of facilities for making electron beam filament were dealted with.

In this study, We designated the injection molded plug housing for charging electric vehicles as a research subject. And we analyzed the effect of Rib design on the quality of injection molded products. First, we used the Taguchi method to derive optimal conditions for rib design. The factors were set as the Thickness of the rib, the Height of the rib, and the Radius of the rib. Each factor consisted of 5 levels and generated conditions for a total of 125. We performed an injection molding analysis and confirmed significant factors affecting the deformation of injection molded products through ANOVA. Based on this, the 25th design detail was selected as the optimal condition. In addition, We compared the results of the molding analysis with the molded products that did not design ribs. We confirmed that the molded product designed with ribs under optimal design detail improved the deformation amount by 22.22% and the residual stress by 8.35%, compared to the molded product not designed with ribs.

Controller modeling is essential for the design. It allows various control techniques to be simulated in advance, and various interpretations can be performed. If this is not the case, we need to reverse engineering in the real system developed by others. In this paper, controller modeling was reversely designed using the frequency test results of the target system. First, the characteristic equation of the target equipment was based on and a block diagram was assumed. Thereafter, controller variables were estimated using the frequency test results for each of the four control loops. In addition, time response simulations were performed using the estimated controller modeling. This method is thought to be of great help to reverse engineering in situations where there is completed equipment but no controller modeling.

In this study, it was investigated about optical simulation in high brightness and high uniformity direct-type backlight design for medical application. Direct-type backlight has been used high-brightness backlight such as Medical LCD application. The key parameter in designing direct-type backlight was consists of three geometrical dimension such as the distance of two lamps, the gap of lamp and reflection plate and the number of lamps. It has many of variations in optical design and it causes the different properties in backlight system. It shows the best values of above parameters; 26mm of the distance of two lamps, 4.5mm of the gap of lamp and reflection plate and 16 lamps. And we produced the specimen as above condition, and acquired good result in backlight such as the value of the brightness is 6423 nit in center of emission area and less than 5% in brightness uniformity. It shows the effective ways of designing backlight system using optical simulation method for medical LCD application.

The flange spreader has been used to withdraw butterfly valves during maintenance. The typical flange spreaders required an excessive working space, and the pipe and flange are damaged by the load. In the previous study, the author developed a valve easy out tool with collet, and designed collet shape to ensure structural safety. However, clamping force of the collet had not been checked. In this study, design of collet shape was performed to improve clamping force. Techniques of structural analysis were established and design parameters were selected. Through parametric study, the collet shape with clamping force of 159,748N was suggested. This will contribute to stability and efficiently of valve maintenance.

In this paper, we design a basic algorithm enabling recognition of surrounding environment and collision avoidance among elemental technologies for autonomous driving, also applies sensor theoretical data and actual road performance to robo-racing system based on experimental data obtained through driving tests to enable sophisticated collision avoidance. For this study, a commercial autonomous driving patform(ERP-42), LiDAR and GPS sensors were used to implement efficient comunication systems and autonomous driving algorithms between each module.

Thin-film shape technology is recognized for its core technology to enhance the technology of LCD, PDP, semiconductor manufacturing processes, hard disks and optical disks, and is widely used to form coated thin films of products. In addition, resistance (electron beam filament) technology for heating is used to manufacture filament for ion implants used in semiconductor manufacturing processes. By establishing an electronic beam filament production system and developing seven specifications of electronic beam filament, it is contributing to improving trade dynamics and increasing exports to Japan through localized media of theoretical imports to domestic companies. In this study, CAE analysis was performed after setting electron beam filament specification and development objectives, facilities and fabrication for electron beam filament production, electron beam filament JIG & fixture design and fabrication followed by electron beam filament prototype. Then, the automation and complete inspection equipment of the previously developed electronic beam filament manufacturing facilities was developed and researched to mass-produce them, to analyze and modify prototypes, design and manufacture automation facilities, and finally, to design and manufacture the complete inspection equipment. In this paper, mainly jig & fixture design, production and trial production of electron beam filament were dealted with.

본 논문에서는 역전파 방법 기반 자동미분법을 이용하여 설계민감도를 구하고 이를 응력제한조건을 고려한 위상최적설계에 적용 하였다. 응력제한조건이 있는 위상최적화문제는 특이점(singularity)과 응력의 국부성(local nature of stress constraint)문제, 그리고 설 계 변수에 대한 비선형성의 문제를 포함하고 최적해를 얻기가 매우 힘들다. 특이점 문제를 해결하기 위해서 응력 완화(stress relaxation) 기법을 사용하였고, 응력의 국부성을 해결하기 위해 p-norm을 이용한 전역 응력치를 제한조건에 사용하였다. 설계 변수에 대한 비선 형성을 극복하기 위해 해석적인 방법으로 정확한 설계민감도를 구하는 것이 중요하다. 위상최적설계에서 기존에는 보조변수방법 (adjoint variable method)을 사용하여 빠르고 정확한 설계민감도를 구했지만, 설계민감도를 해석적으로 구해야 하고, 보조평형방정식 을 추가로 풀어야 하는 어려움이 있다. 이를 해결하기 위해서 인공신경망에서 최적 가중치(weights)와 편차(biases)를 구할 때 쓰이는 역전파 기법을 이용하여 설계민감도를 구하고 이를 응력제한조건을 고려한 위상최적설계에 적용하였다. 역전파 기법은 자동미분에 쓰이는 기법으로 목적함수나 제한조건에 대한 설계민감도를 별도의 수식유도 없이 간단하게 구할 수 있는 장점이 있다. 또한, 미분값 을 구하는 역전파의 과정이 보조평형방정식을 푸는 것보다 계산시간이 빠르고 해석적 방법으로 구한 설계민감도와 같은 정확도를 보 여준다

Complaints about foul odors are emerging as an issue, and the number of complaints is steadily increasing every year. Biofiltration is known to remove harmful or odorous substances from the atmosphere by using microorganisms, and full-scale biofilters are being installed and operated in various environmental and industrial facilities. In this study, the current status and actual odor removal efficiency of full-scale biofilters installed in publicly owned treatment facilities such as sewage, manure, and livestock manure treatment plants were investigated. In addition, the effects of design and operating factors on their efficiency were also examined. As a result, it was found that odor prevention facilities with less than 30% odor removal efficiency based on complex odors accounted for 40%-50% of the biofilters investigated. In investigating the appropriate level of operating factors on odor removal efficiency, it was found that compliance with the recommended values p lays a significant role in improving odor removal efficiency. In the canonical correlation analysis for the on-site biofilter operation and design data, residence time and humidity were found to be the most critical factors. The on-site biofilter operation and design data were analyzed through canonical correlation analysis, and the residence time and humidity maintenance were found to be the most important factors in the design and operations of the biofilter. Based on these results, it is necessary to improve the odor removal efficiency of on-site biofilters by reviewing the effectiveness of the operation factors, improving devices, and adjusting operating methods.

본 논문에서는 3차원 엮임 재료의 유체투과율 향상을 목적으로 수치해석 데이터 기반의 물성치 회귀 분석 및 최적설계를 소개한다. 우선 3차원 엮임 재료를 구성하는 와이어 사이의 간격을 결정하는 배율 계수를 매개변수화 하여 다양한 배율 조합을 가지는 수치 모 델을 생성하였고, 전산 수치해석을 통해 계산된 각 모델의 체적 탄성계수, 열전도 계수, 유체투과율 데이터를 이용하여 다항식 기반의 회귀 분석을 수행하였다. 이를 사용해서 체적 탄성계수와 유체투과율 사이의 다목적함수 최적설계를 통한 파레토 최적해를 도출하였 으며, 두 물성치가 서로 상충 관계에 있음을 확인하였다. 한편 3차원 엮임 재료의 열전달 효율을 높이기 위해서 유체투과율을 최대화 시키는 것을 목적으로 경사도 기반 최적설계를 수행하였고, 제약조건인 체적 탄성계수의 크기별 유체투과율의 변화율을 분석하였다. 그 결과 설계자가 원하는 최소한의 강성을 가지는 최대 유체투과율 설계 모델을 얻어낼 수 있음을 확인하였으며, 회귀 방정식을 통해 서 얻어진 설계가 높은 정확도를 가지고 있음을 추가적으로 검증하였다.