The fish species collected in the Keumho River basin are 42 species 31 genera elonging to 15 Families. This report was investigated for the evaluation of water quality in the Keumho River system which is a tributary of Nakdong River in Korea on september in 1999. The fishes collected were 42 species, 31 genera belonging to 15 Families. The dominant species were 5 species; Zacco platypus, Zacco temmincki, Squalidus chankaensis tsuchigae, Moroco oxycephalus, Squalidus gracilis majimae, and 8 species; Hemibarbus longirostris, Pseudogobio esocinus, Culter brevicauda, Cobitis rotundicaudata, Pseudobagrus fulvidraco, Pungitius sinensis kaibarae, Monopterus albus, Clanna argus were rare species. The relationship among the GPI, EC and BOD by the organic pollutants were over 0.9. The group pollution index(GPI) was lowest at St. 1(0.85) and highest at St. 5(2.33). The water quality of the Keumho river divided into 3 parts; the water of upper reaches in river(St. 1) was 1st class(oligotrophic condition), middle parts(St. 2, 3, 4) were 3rd class( a -mesosaprobic condition) and lower part(St. 5) was 4th class(Polysaprobic condition) as the source of tap water, respectively. And the tributary which are the Sinryeong Stream(St. 6), the Sincheon Stream(St. 7) and the Donghwa Stream(St. 9) in Keumho river were 2nd class as the source of tap water. The results in this study was represented same patterns as the result by the use of indicator species like as algae and invertebrates for the discrimination of water quality. So, some freshwater fish species can be use applicant for the discrimination of water quality.

본 연구는 혀의 분얼최성기의 관수스트레스 시 탁도(청수, 반탁수, 탁수) 및 관수시간에 따라 반응하는 단백질, 지방산 조성 및 지질과산화(malodialdehyde)를 정량하여 관수에 따른 생육장해 및 그 작용기작을 구명하여, 관수에 따른 생화학적 대사의 기초자료를 제공하고자 실시되었다. 관수스트레스에 의해 가용성단백질은 약 20%가 감소하였다. 특히 탁도가 높고 관수시간이 경과할수록 급격히 감소하였으며, 관수 36시간부터 감소량이 크게 나타났다. 단백질 전기영 동패턴은 관수스트레스에 따라 생성이나 소멸한 펩타이드는 없었으나 약 53Kd부위의 폴리펩타이드는 관수초기부터 함량이 증가하였고, 약 28Kd는 48시간, 54시간에서만 함량이 증가하였다. 관수스트레스에 의한 지질의 과산화정도는 약 150%가 증가하였고, 탁도처리에서 청수와 반탁수간의 차이는 작은 경향이었지만, 관수 60시간에서 약 160-180%가 증가하였다. 그러나 탁수에서는 관수초기부터 malondialdehyde함량이 높았고, 36시간이후부터는 약 190-200%로 급격히 증가하였다. Catalase는 탁도가 높고 처리시간이 경과할수록 활성은 급격히 증가하였다. 관수 48시간을 기준으로 catalase 활성변화가 크게 나타났다. 지방산조성의 변화는 포화지방산의 조성비율은 증가하고 불포화지방산은 감소하였다. 특히 불포화지방산 중 monounsaturated은 증가하였고 polyunsaturated의 상대적인 조성비율은 감소하였다. Double bond index는 탁도가 높을수록 관수기간이 경과할수록 감소폭은 커서 불포화정도가 떨어짐을 나타냈다.

본 실험은 청수, 반탁수, 탁수에 따른 탁도처리와 관수시간에 따른 광합성, 엽록소형광, 증산량 및 회복능을 분석하여 관수스트레스에 대한 벼의 생리반응을 구명하고자 실시한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 광합성은 탁도가 높고, 관수 시간이 경과할수록 감소하였다. 특히 관수 36시간 전까지는 약 25%, 42시간이후에는 약 50%가 감소하였다. 증산량은 탁도 및 관수시간이 증가함에 따라 증가하였으며, 청수에서는 약 30%, 반탁수에서는 약 25%, 탁수에서는 약 20%가 증가하였다. Fv/Fm은 탁도 및 관수시간 증가에 따라 감소하였으며, 청수에서는 48시간이후에, 반탁수 및 탁수에서는 36시간이후 약 20%가 감소하였다. 전질소함량은 관수스트레스에 의해 감소하였고, 탁수처리 36시간이후부터 감소량이 켰다. 2. 관수스트레스에 따른 회복력을 나타내는 건물중은 탁도 리별 차이는 작았으나, 관수시간이 경과할수록 크게 감소하였다. 피해정도는 24시간안에는 약 25%, 42시간이후에는 각 처리구 모두에서 약 50%의 생장감소가 일어났다. 관수 48시간의 반탁수 및 탁수는 고사하였다. 광합성은 탁도에 따라서는 청수에서 약 15%, 반탁수, 탁수에서는 10%가 감소하였고, 특히 42시간이후에는 30-50% 감소하였다. 증산량은 탁도 및 관수시간에 처리간의 차이 없이 약 20%증가하였다. 3. 관수 24시간처리에서 관수처리 시 및 퇴수 후 회복기간에도 광합성과 증산량의 일시적인 감소가 일어났다

The Keum river is one of the important river in Korea and has a drainage area of 9,873 ㎦. The Keum river is deepening pollution state due to development of the lower city and construction of a industrial complex. The water quality of the Keum river come to eutrophication state and belong to Ⅲ grade of water quality standard. The concentration BOD in river is affected by the organic loading from a tributary and the algae biomass that largely happen to under eutrophication state. In the eutrophic water mass such as the Keum river, the autochthonous BOD was very important part for making a decision of water quality management, because it was accounted for majority of the total BOD. The purpose of this study was to survey the characteristics of water quality in summer and to estimate reaction coefficient. Also, we studied to correlationship between chlorophyll a and BOD(COD) for estimation of the autochthonous BOD. The correlationship between chlorophyll a and BOD(COD) were obtained through the culture experiment of phytoplankton in the laboratory. The results of this study may be summarized as follows ; The characteristics of water quality in summer were belong to Ⅲ∼Ⅳgrade of water quality standard as BOD and nutritive condition is very high. The BOD, ammonia nitrogen and phosphate loadings in Miho stream which inflowing untreated sewage from Chungju city was occupied with 64.07%, 26.36%, 46.08%, respectively. Maximum nutrient uptake (Vmax) was 0.4400 μM/hr as substrate of ammonia nitrogen, 0.1652 μM/hr as substrate of phosphate. Maximum specific growth rate (μmax) was 1.2525 hr-1 as substrate of ammonia nitrogen, 1.5177 hr-1 as substrate of phosphate. The correlation coefficient between chlorophyll a and BOD by the culture experiment were found to be 0.911∼0.935 and 0.942∼0.947 in the case adding nutrient and no adding nutrient, respectively. The correlation coefficient between chlorophyll a and COD through the culture experiment were found to be 0.918∼0.977 and 0.880∼0.931 in the case adding nutrient and no adding nutrient, respectively. The autochthonous BOD(COD) was estimated to the relationship between BOD(COD) and chlorophyll a. The regression equation were found to be autochthonous BOD=(0.045∼0.073)×chlorophyll a and autochthonous COD=(0.137∼0.182)×chlorophyll a.

Improvement of water quality and Investigation of bacterial characteristics have been conducted in a pilot plant using biological activated carbon (BAC) in water treatment process at the downstream of the Nakdong River. Most of water control parameters were highly improved after passing through BAC. Approximately 54% of dissolved organic carbon was removed in coal-based BAC process. Bacterial biomass and bacterial production appeared 9.8×108 CFU/g and 7.l㎎-C/㎥·hr in coal-based BAC, respectively. Predominant bacteria species grown in BAC were identified as Pseudomonas, Flavobacterium, Alcaligenes, Acinetobacter and Aeromonas species. Particularly Pseudomonas vesicularis was dominant in both coal-based and coconut-based BACs, while Pseudomonas cepacia was dominant in wood-based BAC.

This study was carried out to provide the basic informations for the water quality management in Boryung fresh water reservoir watershed. Four agricultural reservoirs were selected and the water qualify of the reservoirs were investigated from November 1998 to December 2000, periodically. Including storage rate, temporal variation of water quality constituents such as water temperature, pH, EC, total nitrogen, total phosphorus were analysed. The result showed that pH ranged 6.7~10.4, EC 56.1~1079μS/cm, COD 0.75~8.0mg/L, respectively. And, total-N concentration affected by the livestock wastes and agricultural activity ranged from 0.21 to 4.66mg/L and which was almost over the agricultural water quality standard(1.0mg/L). Total-P ranged from 0.001 to 0.080mg/L as lower than the agricultural water quality standard(0.1mg/L).

The Keum river has been utilized for drinking water supply of several city including Kunsan city and is deepening pollution state due to numerous municipal and industrial discharges. The concentration BOD in river is affected by the organic loading from a tributary and the algae biomass that largely happen to under eutrophication state. In the eutrophic water mass such as the Keum river, the autochthonous BOD was very important part for making a decision of water quality management, because it was accounted for majority of the total BOD. The predict of water quality has important meaning for management of water quality pollution of the Keum river. The purpose of this study will manage and predict water quality of the Keum river using QUAL-2E model considering the autochthonous BOD. The estimation of autochthonous BOD represented that the relationship between BOD and chlorophyll a. The regression equation was shown to be autochthonous BOD=β5×chlorophyll a. The results of this study may be summarized as followed; The QUAL-2E model was calibrated with the data surveyed in the field of the study area in June, 1998. The calculated value by QUAL-2E model are in good agree to measured value within relative error of 7.80∼20.33%. Especially, in the case of the considering autochthonous BOD, the calculated value of BOD were fairly good coincided with the observed values within relative error of 15%. But the case of not considering autochthonous BOD, relative error of BOD was shown to be 43.2%. In order to attain Ⅱ grade of water quality standard in Puyo station which has a intake facility of water supply, we reduced to the pollutants loading of tributaries. In the case of removed 100% BOD of tributaries, the BOD of Puyo station was 4.07㎎/ℓ, belong to Ⅲ grade of water quality standard. But in the case of removed 88% nutrient of tributaries, it was satisfied to Ⅱ grade of water quality standard as below 3㎎/ℓof BOD. For estimation of autochthonous BOD in Keum river, we are performed simulating in accordance with reduction of nutrient load(50∼100%) under conditions removal 90% organic load. Occupancy of autochthonous BOD according to nutrient loading reductions were varied from 25.97∼79.51%. Occupancy of autochthonous BOD was shown to be a tendency to increasing in accordance with reduction of nutrient loading. Showing the above results, the nutrient that one of the growing factor of algae was important role in decision of BOD in the Keum river. For the water quality management of the Keum river, therefore, it is necessary to considering autochthonous BOD and to construction of advanced sewage treatment plant for nutrient removal.

This study aims at the development of the model for a forecasting of water quality in river basins using artificial neural network technique. Water quality by Artificial Neural Network Model forecasted and compared with observed values at the Sangju 1 and Dalsung stations in Nakdong river basin. For it, a multi-layer neural network was constructed to forecast river water quality. The neural network learns continuous-valued input and output data. Input data was selected as BOD, DO, discharge and precipitation. As a result, it showed that method Ⅲ of three methods was suitable more than other methods by statistical test(ME, MSE, Bias and VER). Therefore, it showed that Artificial Neural Network Model was suitable for forecasting river water quality.

Chonan and Asan city have been a focal point due to rapid development as the first station for Express Railroad and key cities West Coast Development Region. Gokgyo stream adjacent to the cities plays an important role as a drainage channel for an agriculture and a discharger of urban storm water. Water quality of the stream has been deteriorating caused by pollution sources such as a untreated wastewater discharge and runoff from the watershed. In this study, we conducted 4 surveys in April, May, July, and September to understand the current state of water quality for the stream and to make it possibe to predict future water-quality variation for future development. The system runs on a personal computer under the windows enviroment and provides extensive graphics using graphic user interface(GUI) for user-friendly assessment. Using the pull-down menus provided by the GUI panel, the user is able to operate the system by pointing and clicking the icon to identify the state of water-quality at locations concerned. Furthermore, we developed an integrated watershed management system. The constructed system could be a useful tool as a decesion maker for pollution source control strategy.

In order to study on the variational characteristics of water quality and chlorophyll a concentration, the water samples were collected daily or three times a week during the period from April 1990 to November 1991 at Kukdong port located in the Northern Kamak bay of Southern Korea I made an analysis on biological factor as chlorophyll a concentration as well as physico-chemical factors such as water temperature, salinity, sigma-t, dissolved oxygen, nutrients (ammonia, nitrite, nitrate, phosphate, and silicate), N/P ratio and chemical oxygen demand. In Northern Kamak bay seasonal variations in physical factors such as water temperature, salinity and sigma-t were very marked. On the other hand, chemical factors such as nutrients concentration and COD were not so. Chemical factors, in particular, silicate were influenced by input of freshwater. And the roles of silicate on the seasonal succession of phytoplankton species composition was very low. Phytoplankton biomass as measured by chlorophyll a concentration was very high all the year round, and it was controlled by the combination of several factors, especially of N/P ratio determined by dissolved inorganic nitrogen.