In this study, we propose a standardized design method using dimensionless design factors (specific catchment area, specific storage capacity) for the catchment area and storage tank capacity for the installation of rainwater facilities under rainfall conditions in Korea. As a result of simulating the water-saving efficiency of rainwater facilities that supply toilet flushing water in 17 office buildings in the metropolitan area, it was confirmed that the specific catchment area is a major design factor affecting the water-saving efficiency. In order to achieve the annual water-saving efficiency of 30%, it was evaluated that the specific catchment area and the specific rainwater storage capacity required 0.2 or more, respectively. In addition, when looking at the monthly water-saving efficiency, it is estimated that 100% of the required water demand can be supplied for up to three months from July to September under optimal conditions. Due to the annual rainfall variation, there is a limit to using all of the collected rainwater as toilet flushing water. Consideration of temporary use for other purposes should be reflected in the design stage of the building considering the characteristics of the target building and local conditions. In the future, follow-up studies are needed for field verification of dimensionless design and efficiency evaluation based on water supply and demand.

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of pH on the mineral nutrient uptake and growth of the four Chinese chives species. The Chinese chives species used in the experiment were the cultivated species grown in the farm (cultivated Allium tuberosum) and three wild species of wild Allium tuberosum, A. thunbergii and A. senescens. The pH levels of soil medium were set to be 4.5, 6.5, and 7.5. Fresh weight (FW) of cultivated A. tuberosum was highest at all pH levels. The increase of soil pH increased the FW of the wild A. tuberosum and A. thunbergii, but no difference was noted for the A. tuberosum and A. senescens. Plant height was higher in the order of wild A. tuberosum, A. thunbergii, and cultivated A. tuberosum and A. thunbergii. Notably plant height of the wild A. tuberosum increased significantly by the pH increase. The Zn content of the wild A. tuberosum was shown to be significantly higher than that of the other species and increased with the increase of soil pH. This indicates that there is a close relationship between the plant height and Zn content in Chinese chives plant. Principal component analysis for characterizing closely related A. species using the factors of plant growth and amounts of nutrients uptake showed that the cultivated A. and wild A. tuberosum were in the 4th quadrant of the graph which are classified as the same species, while A. senescens and thunbergii was in 1st and 3rd quadrant indicating different species, respectively.

This study is carried out in order to propose a drought risk assessment methodology. This methodology is required to deal with practical questions that a variety of stakeholder often raise in the course of discussions on mitigation measures. With a focus on the socioeconomic aspect of drought, more particularly, residents’ hardship from water scarcity, it suggests basic concepts and a system of methods in order to assess hazard, exposure, vulnerability and risk. The case study shows a considerable possibility of the methodology in evaluating potential levels of damages in a certain area, in identifying the boundary of districts where risk is disproportionately concentrated, and also in understanding the underlying risk factors of those districts. The authors think that the proposed methodology is able to offer risk information in terms of socioeconomic damages, and therefore contribute to reducing information gaps that policy-makers are currently encountered with.

This study was conducted to develop a Han-sik database as well as to assess the effects of Han-sik on dietary quality among Koreans. The Han-sik database was developed by a focus group composed of food and nutrition specialists considering the results of Han-sik perception surveys conducted in previous studies for frequently consumed dishes. Among the 1,322 dish items identified in the 4th (2007-2009) Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES), 973 items (73.6%) were classified as Han-sik. Han-sik usage was defined as the percentage of Han-sik items of all individually consumed dish items in the dietary data of 22,113 subjects who participated in a 24-hour diet recall in the 4th (2007-2009) KNHANES. Dietary quality was evaluated based on adherence to the Korean Food Guidance System (KFGS), which was calculated as the percentage of the number of servings consumed in each food group out of recommended servings according to age and sex. Mean usage of Han-sik was 80.1% and was higher in older age groups, rural areas, as well as in households at the lowest income level. Han-sik usage was also higher on weekdays as well as for breakfast. Adherence to the KFGS was significantly higher for grains, meat · fish · egg · beans, vegetables, and fruits (p<0.001) but lower for milk · dairy products and oils · fats · sugars (p<0.001) across the quartiles of Han-sik usage. The results of this study indicate that Han-sik usage is high among Koreans. Further studies are needed to update the Han-sik database as well as investigate the association between health-related factors and Han-sik use.

본 연구에서는 노선선정과정에서 정량적으로 환경성을 평가할 수 있는 방법에 대한 각종 제도 및 문헌을 고찰해 보고, 이를 바탕으로 도로노선의 정량적 환경성 평가 방법을 제안하였으며 이를 국내에 계획된 도로노선에 적용하여, 국내도로에 대한 친환경성을 평가하였다. 이에 따라 중부권, 강원권, 남부권의 지역별 사례구간을 선정하고 제안된 환경성 평가방법을 수행하였다. 그 결과 각 지역별 사례구간의 해당 지역에 대한 환경점수대의 분포가 다양하게 나타남을 확인하였다. 또한 각 노선의 환경적인 정도를 나타낼 수 있도록 해당지역의 환경영향 최소화 경로를 생성한 후 이를 기준으로 각 노선의 친환경도를 분석하였다. 그 결과 지역의 환경적 민감도가 큰 지역 즉, 높은 점수대가 많은 지역인 강원권에 설계된 노선의 친환경도가 가장 낮게 분석된 결과를 볼 수 있었다.

본 연구는 수입사료가 우리나라 농업환경의 오염부하에 미치는 영향을 파악하고자 2005년을 기준년도로 하여 수입사료 품목별 수입량 및 비료성분량, 수입사료로 인한 가축 사양단계에서 비료성분 발생량을 추산하고, 농경지 작물별 재배면적과 양분요구도 분석을 통해 수입사료로 인한 농경지의 오염부하도를 분석하였다. 수입사료를 통해 국내로 도입되는 비료성분량은 질소 371천톤, 인산 140천톤, 가리 143천톤, 주요 수입품목인 곡류 및 식물성 유박류에서 유래하는

The purpose of this investigation was to examine the influence of head and neck(HN) position in the transverse plane on the static production of elbow extension force in the involved(paretic) upper extremity of patients with hemiparesis. On this study, thirty patients who had experienced a cerebrovascular accident were matched with neurologically intact subjects. Force of static elbow extension was tested with a hand-held dynamometer, twice with the HN rotated toward the paretic side and twice with the HN rotated toward the non-paretic side. Elbow extension force differed significantly with the HN in the two position in patients with hemiparesis but not in normal persons(=0.05). Results of this study support the conclusion that HN position in the transverse plane influences the production of static elbow extension force on the paretic side in patients with hemiparesis.