PURPOSES: The purpose of this paper is to estimate expected effects on traffic operational and economic aspects of 2+1 roads application in Korea. METHODS : Micro simulation study using VISSIM 5.0 was used to analyze the operation efficiency of 2+1 roads compared to two-lane highways and four-lane highways. Some scenarios for various traffic volumes were set up in order to analyze the effect of 2+1 roads under various traffic situations. Also imaginary road networks were set up for each type of roads. The MOEs to measure the operation efficiency were selected with average travel speed and delay. For analyzing economic effect of 2+1 roads, construction cost of a specific imaginary 2+1 road was compared to construction cost of a four-lane highway with same conditions. RESULTS: The results of study show that a 2+1 road is more effective with 19 percents higher average travel speed and 39 percents lower average delay than a two-lane highway. In the economic analysis, construction costs to construct a 2+1 road are saved as approximately 26.4~40.7 percents when compared to construction of four-lane highway. CONCLUSIONS: It can be concluded that 2+1 roads can improve the traffic operational level of service for two-lane highways and 2+1 roads can be applied as an effective design alternative for higher-volume two-lane highways in Korea.

District heating is a system of distributing heated water from centralized facilities to local homes and buildings. In this paper, we model the distribution planning problem as a supply chain planning problem and propose an explicit column generation algorithm to handle large scale data as well as nonlinear constraints. The algorithm has been successfully applied to a Korean district heating company and the computational experiments show that the integrated operation of district heating network improves the total profit compared to the previous isolated network operation.

Purpose of this study is to propose a specific model by utilizing existing research. In addition, to make the model suitable form to apply to companies through benchmarking and continuous improvement. Through this study, the actual production Cap a D companies doubled in a short time. Improve the internal management capabilities through management innovation is the industry's highest level of performance is maintained. SCM operations substantially, which consists of a performance management through research model for SCM build on the success factors that are described in terms of this research has been in progress, most of the existing research to develop a specific and explicit models presented can be said. Similar ferroalloy industry standard applicable to the entire model, which means This approach also suggests that other types of industrial significance.

The purpose of this paper is to examine the effects on reliability of equipment or product which spends a great deal of its time in the non-operating condition. The paper will look at the effects on the failure modes, the failure rates, the failure distribution and the possible reliability models. Many military and commercial systems experienced periods of non-operating stage throughout their life cycle, such as periods of operational storage where the system waits, ready for use. The design of such systems must account for how these periods of non-operating effects system performance. The simulation methodology for reliability analysis was developed to support the evaluation of nonoperating modes of operation of systems and subsystems. For proper handling of the non-operating environment, issues relating to non-operating failures need to be taken into consideration from design stage of the life cycle. Furthermore, the relevant environmental concerns and issues that need to be taken into consideration are discussed.

The revitalization of e-business via Internet brings big changes to the postal business, and leads to a tremendous increase of heavy and large sized postal mails with continuing growth of home delivery business. Thus, even though the number of intermediate storages for mail delivery that mailmen use for picking up mails in the middle of mail delivery has been being increased, it has still many problems such as insufficient number and size of the storages as well as avoidance of mail keeping of trust agents. It is necessary that safety of mail keeping, seamless mail delivery, and individual parcel pick-up process reestablishment should be made through an improved counter plan for the problems described previously. This study presents the efficient and right operational plan for the intermediate storage for mail delivery with providing the number and size of intermediate storages per mail delivery sequence according to four different types of post offices.

이 연구는 나눔교육 프로그램이 만5세 유아가 배려와 나눔의 마음을 키우는데 영향을 미치는가를 알아보기 위한 것으로 연구자의 담임학급 만5세 유아 30명을 대상으로 연구되었다. 연간 생활주제에 적합한 나눔교육의 내용을 선정해 적용한 결과, 유아가 친구 뿐 아니라 사회적 약자를 배려하고 그들에게 필요한 도움을 주어야 한다는 실천적인 생각을 가지게 되었으며, 일상생활에서도 친구를 돕는 등 친사회적 행동이 증가하였다. 연구 결과 나눔교육 프로그램의 지속적인 운영은 유아의 배려와 나눔의 마음을 키우는데 긍정적인 영향을 미친다는 것을 알 수 있었다.

본 연구의 목적은 노인복지관의 운영 및 무용프로그램·서비스의 질적 향상을 도모하여, 앞으 로 노인복지관이 고령사회 노인들의 삶의 질을 향상시킬 수 있도록 바람직한 역할과 기능을 재 정립 시키는 데 있다. 이러한 목적을 수행하기 위해 노인복지관 관계자 인터뷰를 실시하였으며, 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 첫째, 복지관의 회원모집, 프로그램 계획, 강사모집에 있어서 4개의 복지관은 거의 같은 방식 으로 운영되고 있었다. 둘째, 노인복지에 있어 예산상의 어려움이 문제점으로 제기 되었으며, 정부의 지원이 많이 부족함을 알 수 있었다. 셋째, 현재 운용되고 있는 노인 무용프로그램은 중 복되거나 비슷한 양상을 보이고 있었다. 넷째, 한국무용프로그램의 문제점에 대해서는 대부분의 복지관에서 전문적이다, 어렵다라는 인식이 문제점으로 지적되었다. 이와 같은 결과는 노인복지관의 재정적인 문제 해결과 한국무용의 인식 변화가 이루어져야 함을 시사하며, 이를 해결하기 위해 다음과 같이 제언한다. 첫째, 노인복지의 발전을 위해 정부 의 적극적인 지원이 필요하다. 둘째, 남성노인들의 무용관련프로그램 참여를 위해 무용이 여성 만 하는 것이 아니라는 사실을 시청각 자료를 활용해 홍보 할 필요가 있으며, 남성노인들이 배 울 수 있는 무용프로그램 개발에도 힘써야 할 것이다. 셋째, 한국무용은 어렵다는 인식을 바꾸 기 위해서 시니어 공연단을 모집하여 활동할 것을 제안한다. 전문무용수의 공연은 어렵다는 인 식을 갖게 하므로 시니어 공연단의 활동모습을 쉽게 접하게 한다면 인식변화에 도움이 될 것이 라 사료된다. 이와 같은 사항들이 수용되어진다면 노인복지에 있어 보다 질 높은 교육과 더불어 한국무용 의 인식변화로 인한 대중화가 활발히 진행 될 것으로 사료된다.