위암발증 원인을 밝히기 위하여 농촌지역 일반 주민들의 Helicobater pylori의 감염율과 생활습관 및 영양섭취 상태와의 상관관계를 검토하기 위하여 강원도 춘천시 인근 농촌 지역 주민들을 조사하였다. 조사 대상자는 40대 이상인 지역 주민 183 명으로 남자 81명, 여자 102명에 대하여 설문조사와 식사량 조사, 혈액 생화학적 분석 및 혈청 ELISA법에 의한 Helicobater pylori의 감염 정도를 분석하였다. 그 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 조사 대상자의 학력은 74.3%가 국졸이하였고, 월수입은 80.3%가 100만원 이하였다. 2. 조사 대상자의 직업은 75.3%가 농업에 종사하였으며, 가족형태는 62.8%가 핵가족이었다. 3. 출산 자녀수는 75.9%가 2명에서 5명의 자녀를 출산하였고, 음주자는 46.4%이며 매일 술을 마시는 사람이 12%였다. 흡연자는 21.9%였으며, 비흡연자는 78.1%였다. 4. 평균신장은 157.4㎝였고 여자의 평균 신장은 151.9㎝, 남자의 평균 신장은 164.4㎝였고 남녀간에 유의차가 있었다(p<0.001). 5. Helicobater pylori의 감염율은 총 조사대상자중 64.5%였으며, 남자가 65.4 %, 여자가 63.7 %였다. 감염율은 흡연자, 학력 수준이 낮을수록, 월수입이 적을수록, 출산 자녀수가 많을수록, 50대의 연령에서 많은 것으로 나타났다. 6. Helicobater pylori의 감염 음성자와 양성자 간의 영양소 섭취실태를 보면 음성자가 에너지, 총지질(p<0.05), 동물성 지질(p<0.05), 철분 섭취량(p<0.001), 비타민 A의 섭취량(p<0.01), 비타민 C 섭취량(p<0.05)에 있어서 유의적으로 높은 섭취량을 나타내었다. 그러나 칼슘 섭취량은 음성 인자가 낮았다.

As passenger ship accidents so frequently have occurred, crisis consciousness is highly aroused in Korean society. Although bombastic policy guidlines were suggested in accordance with every passenger ship accident, there remains a still high possibility of such an accident reoccurring because passenger ship accidents occur from the perspective of non-compliance. The research objective of this study is to government's safety regulatory policies. Data for the analysis was collected from literature review. A Case study related to passenger ship accident is adopted for the analysis. The research methods utilized in this study consist of extensive quantitative analysis of 138 passenger ship accidents which had happened over last 10 years from 1984 to 1993 in Korea and a qualitative analysis of the passenger ship accident of the Seohae Ferry in October 1993. The results of the quantitive analysis on the 138 passenger ship accidents are as follows; Seeing the accidents yearly, the accidents which occurred by policy non-compliance are still exist, only somewhat reduced as years gone by. Seeing the accidents from the perspective of types of accident, fire accidents and death and injury accidents had more non-compliance factors than contact accidents and one-side collision accidents, etc. had. Seeing the accidents from the perspectives of types of passenger ship, large ships like car ferries and general passenger ship accidents had more non-compliance factors than any other kinds of ships had. Seeing the accidents from the perspectives of tons of passenger ships, large ships weighing more than 1, 000 tons and small ships weighing less than 50tons contained a lots of non-compliance factors. The results of the qualitative analysis of the passenger ship accident of the Seohae Ferry in Octovber 1993 are as follows; From the viewpoint of the human factor, there were non-compliance to the recruiting of required number of qualified crew members and non-compliance to the rule which prohibited them from leaving port in bad weather and high wave conditions. From the viewpoint of the ship factor, there were defects in the ship. So we might say that there was non-compliance which was aroused from the lacks of technical skills. From the viewpoint of the administrative factor, there were many non-compliance factors such as sailor education, shipping management, rescue, safety equipment. From the viewpoint of the passenger factor, there were passengers' threats which compelled the crews to leave the port under bad weather conditions. In conclusion, the principal non-compliances factors are passenger ship company did not follow safety rules such as shipping the permitted number of passengers, loading permitted tons of freight and fastening freights properly and recruiting required number of qualified crew. In order to reduce accidents, firstly we should find out the causes which play key roles in passenger ship companies' non-compliance to the government's safety regulations. Secondly we should tackle the causes.

The distribution of bacteria in kimbab and its ingredients have been investigated. The total bacterial counts were over 3 × l0³/g(n=30) when the kimbabs were delivered to restaurant and it e×ceeded the legal level 1 × 10^5/g defined by the Code of Food Standard in 1991. The gram-negative coliforms were also detected 1.9 × 10^5/g. In order to study the cause of bacterial contamination in kimbabs, the ingredients used in kimbabs were examined. The bacterial counts were found 10⁴-10^5/g for kim (layer), 10⁴-l0^5/g for sausage, 10⁴-l0^6/g for boiled-spinach, 10³-10^7/g for carrot, and 10³-10^6/g for Danmyji, respectively. From these results it could be concluded that the bacterial contamination in Kimbabs was caused mainly by the ingredients such as kim, boiled-spinach, carrot, and sausage. Therefore, this suggested that the sanitary manufacture of kim, the storage at refrigerator temperature of the ingredients for kimbabs, and the proper treatment of equipments should be maintained in order to reduce the bacterial contamination for kimbaba. Furthermore, it should be required to obtain the basal data for establishment of the sanitary standard of kim and kimbab.

철근 콘크리트 구조물은 여러가지 복합적인 원인으로 균열이 발생한다. 이러한 균열은 내구성의 저하와 일체식 구조물의 외관을 손상시킬 뿐 아니라 철근이 공기중이나 해수에 노출되어 철근의 부식으로 콘크리트 구조물에 치명적인 구조적 문제를 야기시킨다. 본 연구에서는 서해안 A 항만 건설현장 케이슨 구조체의 일부 균열현상에 대하여, 유한요소법을 이용 Computer Modelling을 하고, 제작 및 진수, 예인, 가거치 등 시공단계별 구조해석을 통해, 균열발생원인을 규명하고, 올바른 시공법을 제안하였다.

To slove the problems by the scum, which causes operational and water quality problems in water treatment plants, several researches were conducted based on the site investigations on twelve large water treatment plants, biological and chemical analysis of scum, analyzing raw water quality data. Two types of scum, which are from scum and floe scum, can be classified based on the analysis and site investigations. The major parameter generating floe scum was indicated as fine bubbles dissolved in the water. The fine bubbles dissolved in the water can be generated by over-saturated air in the water, adding aluminum surface as the coagulant, conducting the break point pre-chlorination and so on. The water spray method, which is one of the physical treatment methods for removing scum, was selected for conducting experiments on the removal efficiency in the flocculation basin of the real water treatment plant. The water spray method was successfully applied for removing scum with the advantages of using spiral nozzles in case of using the raw water rather than the cleaned water.

The purpose of this study is to analyse the type of student's misconceptions on earth science concepts and its sources in grades 7 to 9. The test questionnaire was develpoed to investigate their misconceptions to the selected students. The following conclusions were drawn. 1) The sellected students had the various types of misconceptions on earth science concepts. 2) There were no grade differences in the patterns of the misconceptions. 3) The sources of student's misconceptions were resulted from the poor development of cognitive structures, the influences of environments, the error of information processing. 4) The misconceptions were not changed and corrected easily.