This study investigated the elements of soundscape in and around the traditional Korean style housing complex and the standardized Korean style housing complex popularized as farm village by Traditional Korean style housing assistance policy located in the rural area of Jeollanam-do. The purpose of this study is to understand the phenomenon and characteristic differences of the sound environments in various observation points in order to utilize them as the important elements of sound scape to consider for standardized Korean style housing complex development in the future. As a result, the traditional housing in rural area led more positive evaluation of nature sounds than standardized, newly developed Korean style housing complex. In the list of noises in each residential development type, traffic sounds and construction noise were majorly ranked. However, nature sounds had high rate of response in the sounds of introduction request. Additionally, the sounds generated by human activities such as whispering and footsteps were also in the wish list. This may suggests that soundscape design needs to approach in cultural level of a society rather than simple investigation and treatment of individual sounds of natural and artificial.

This paper analyzed the CO2 emission of existing buildings with reconstruction and reusing in the declined residential area of Jeonju old town. The average CO2 emission to square meter of residential buildings in Jeonju is 1.7tCO2/m2.

This paper analyzed the CO2 emission of existing buildings on the operation phase in the declined residential area of Jeonju old town. The average CO2 emission to square meter of residential buildings in jeonju was calculated.

해양에너지를 비롯한 신재생에너지를 이용한 분산형 발전시스템 설계의 기초자료로 활용하기 위해 본 연구에서는 도서 주민의 전력소비량을 실측 분석하고 시기별 전력소비 패턴을 개발하였다. 실측조사는 남해안에 위치한 곤리도의 5가구를 대상으로 2010년 10월부터 2012년 2월까지 수행되었다. 월평균 전력소비량은 가구에 따라 12월 혹은 1월에 최대값이 발생하였다. 가구별 월간 전력소비량은 H가구가 J가구보다 2~3배 많았지만 가구별 1인당 월평균 전력소비량은 J가구가 H가구보다 10~30% 가량 많은 것으로 조사되었다. 시각별 전력소비 패턴을 개발한 결과 여름철에는 20시에서 자정 사이에 최대 전력소비가 발생하고, 겨울철은 여름철에 비하여 하루 동안의 전력소비 변화는 완만하지만 18시 이후 자정까지의 시간대에 전력소비가 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 가구별 주중과 주말의 전력소비 패턴은 매우 유사한 것으로 나타났다.

To establish a reasonable resource circulation oriented society of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW), more exact and detailed information for MSW generation characteristics should be obtained. Although a municipality has generally various MSW discharge sources, a simplified generation characteristics is uniformly applied in all cases for establishing an integrated waste management system regardless of living style such as single detached house or apartment and living area such as urban or rural area. The annual average generation rate of municipal solid wastes in Changwon is approximately 0.345 kg/ c·d. As the results of density analysis, the average density of urban or rural area 0.210 ~ 0.216 kg/L. The weight percent of combustible matters is on average 98.9% and food waste was major source of solid waste as 58.5%. Calorific value range from 1,620 kcal/kg to 1,680 kcal/kg at detached house and 2,780 kcal/kg to 2,980 kcal/kg at apartment. Apartment residence has higher the calorific value than detached house. In this study Changwon city was selected as a model municipality which has urban and rural area. MSW generation rate and its physicochemical properties were experimentally estimated, and then the MSW discharge characteristics of residents were also surveyed by questionnaire. Data were classified into generation source and region to identify their differences in MSW generation characteristics.

This study aims to present the policy issues and direction of sub-urban residential complex by analyzing the settlement environment and life satisfaction. For the purpose, 10 sub-urban residential complexes in Chungnam Province were surveyed for general situation, physical environment, social environment, economic environment. The results are as follows; 1) The satisfaction in the physical environment is more higher in case of the complex created by the public organization. 2) The physical environment is an important factor in the determinant of the settlement, while the economic environment have a relatively lower impact. 3) The residents community is the more active, the satisfaction in the social environment is the more improved. 4) The source of income or the activity of consumption doesn't have an effect on the satisfaction in the economic environment. On the basis of this study, three programs for improvement of sub-urban residential complex policy were suggested. First, the various information and counseling service should be provided to attract city dwellers. Second, the policy on the development of sub-urban residential complex has to consider residential preference factors and improve the quality of life. Third, to increase the life satisfaction, the residents community should be activated and especially the activation of community with residents in other village is very important.

워터 프런트에 있어서의 집합주택은 전면에 퍼지는 수역의 경관을 얻을 수 있어 사람들의 생활에 윤택이나 안락함 등을 가져다 준다. 그러나 시가지와는 다른 워터프런트만의 환경적 이점을 살릴 계획 수법이 확립되어 있다고는 말하기 어려운 것이 현상이다. 본 연구에서는 일본의 워터프런트(니시노미야하마와 비와코) 거주자를 대상으로 앙케이트 조사를 실시하여 친수 활동, 거주 환경 의식과 거주 선택 이유 등에 대해 비교 분석을 실시하였다. 그 결과 향후의 워터 프런트에 입지하는 집합주택 거주자들의 거주환경에 대한 의식과 거주선택이유의 상이점을 알 수 있었다. 또 각각의 워터프런트지역에서 염해나 해충에 대한 대책 등 지역환경 특성에 맞는 문제점을 경감 대책의 필요성과 수변에의 전망을 확보를 희망하고 있으며 "방의 넓이" "통풍" "전망 채광" "프라이버시의 확보"등 워터프런트에 입지하는 집합주택의 계획수립 시에 상기한 거주환경의 조성이 거주자들의 주거의식에 영향을 미치고 있음을 알 수 있었다.

The federal government has been implemented several housing policies attempting to improve living quality at Eup-Myun area(rural area), but those were mostly fund supports to reconstruct or repair houses. Existing minimum housing standard is focused on urban apartments and indoor space, but the houses of Eup-Myun area are scattered and are different from urban's house space. Therefore, this study focused on these area, and intended to propose suitable minimum housing standard for Eup-Myun area. Based on literature reviews about housing standard of England, U.S., Japan and South Korea, questionnaire survey was given to 50 experts divided into 2 groups, professors of architecture and researchers on rural environment. This study proposed the direction of new minimum housing standard of Eup-Myun area, it could be added to 2 household composition, be divided into 2 groups, agricultural and non-agricultural residents into facility guideline, be added to outdoor facilities, for example warehouse and open yard, and finally be inserted water quality into environment standard. The results of this study provide insightful strategies for rural housing standard.

This research selected The Old Rectory, Sissinghurst and East Lambrook Manor as a case study location that is meaningful to discuss potager garden, herb garden and harvest garden, which is a topic of productive garden. This research focuses on the growth potential of Korea's rural house into a garden that embellishes decoration and appreciation. The application method through the interpretation of the case study location will be, first, organizing the shape of the flower bed and then adding additional materials along with the main materials. Second, it can increase the appreciation of productive garden through layering method and making it abundant. Third, it can be utilized well by pursuing artistic feature by combing unique color and texture of edible plants. Lastly, for the weakness of flat structure by short edible plants, vertical structure shall be utilized to provide decoration and frame. Also, by using natural materials, the ambiance of the garden can be presented.

현재 북한의 권력승계로 인한 과도기적 상황에서 남북한 전쟁에 대한 위기감은 증가하고 있으나 민방위사태 발생시 이용가능한 임시거주공간은 민방위기본법에 의해 진압시까지 앉은 상태로 대피기능을 하는 지하 비상대피시설로 규정되어 있는 실정이다. 그러나 전쟁대응 임시거주공간은 이재민 주거시설 마련을 위한 2주 이상의 기간동안 대피공간 및 거주기능을 수행해야하므로 거주성 확보와 심신적 안정을 위한 최소주거기준과 주거환경계획기준 설정방향을 모색하고자 한다. 이에 본 연구는 재해유형에 따른 법적, 문헌적 기준 현황과 국외법을 비교·분석함으로써 최소면적기준과 부대시설, 거주성능에 대한 적용 가능성을 검토해 보고 세부기준 마련을 위해 건축관계 법령과의 연계성을 살펴보았다. 이를 위해 전쟁대응 임시거주공간에 대한 개념과 필요성에 대해 살펴보고, 국내외(한국, 일본, 미국) 주거관련 법적 기준과 민방위기본법에 따른 비상대피시설, 재해구호법에 따른 임시주거시설 지침을 대상으로 주거기준 분석을 통하여 다음과 같은 공간계획기준을 제시하였다. 먼저, 최소면적 기준에 대해서는 각국의 지침이 재해유형과 인체특성상 차이가 있고 지하공간은 한정된 부분이 있으므로 거주를 고려한 현행 임시주거시설 지침을 반영하여 2.0-3.3㎡/인과 별도의 공용면적을 산정하였다. 또한 주거환경 계획기준은 부대시설과 거주성능 항목으로 분류하고 적용가능성을 검토해 보았으나 다수의 지침이 필요 항목만 명기되어 있으므로 건축관계 법령을 고려하여 인간의 기본생활욕구를 충족시키는 기준을 마련하고자 하였다.

The present study aims to evaluate the characteristics of atmospheric polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) pollution in roadside and residential areas of two Korean metropolitan cities (Seoul and Incheon) and a background area (Seokmolee). This purpose was established by analyzing temporal and spacial concentration distribution of total and 7 individual PAHs, which were extracted from ambient particulate matters, and by utilizing a multivariate statistical method (principal component analysis, PCA) for the qualitative determination of potential PAH sources. Target PAHs included benzo(a)anthracene (BaA), benzo(a)pyrene (BaP), benzo(b)fluoranthene (BbF), benzo(k)fluoranthene (BkF), chrysene (Chr), dibenzo(a,h)anthracene (DahA), and indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene (IcdP). For all surveyed sites, the concentrations of total PAHs were higher in winter season than in other seasons. However, the concentrations of individual PAHs varied with surveyed sites. In both residential and roadside sites of Seoul and Incheon, BbF revealed the highest atmospheric levels. For all 7 target PAHs, the ambient concentrations were higher in Seoul and Incheon than in a background area (Seokmolee). In both residential and roadside areas, the concentrations of 4 target PAHs (BaA, BbF, BkF, DahA) were higher in Incheon than in Seoul. However, both the residential and roadside Chr concentrations were comparable in Seoul and Incheon. In addition, the residential IcdP concentrations were higher in Incheon than in Seoul, whereas the roadside concentrations were higher in Seoul. The roadside and residential BaP concentrations exhibited the reverse result to the IcdP concentrations. An PCA analysis suggested that atmospheric PAHs in both residential and roadside areas would be due to combined effects of several potential sources such as gasoline- and diesel-fueled vehicles, coal/oil combustion, and waste incineration.

As people get aged, we need to pay more attention to the elderly living condition with respect to welfare policy. The present study focuses on housing condition of elderly people living in rural area, and analyzes its determinants, periodical difference, and regional disparities, incorporating an index of minimum housing standard. This study applies multi-level logit model that has a strong statistical advantage that can take random aspects of household and regional context into account. We found that married couple household, presence of economically-active family members, higher education, specialized profession, migration and higher level of land price tend to lower the probability of residing in substandard housings. We also found that housing conditions for elderly people prove to be different by regions and it is particularly noticeable in mountainous rural areas in Gyeongsangnam-do and Gyeongsangbuk-do with the poorest elderly housing conditions. Results also implies that housing welfare policies should be implemented differently considering the target groups based on regional differences. We conclude with some additional policy implications for the elderly living in rural areas.

This paper tries to explore the local uniqueness and evolutionary characteristics of the spatial structure of the rural dwelling houses of China's Korean Ethnic. For this purpose, the paper selected 51 typical samples in each district, analyzing their ancestral home, building age, size, construction method, family composition etc. Moreover, the paper classified the pattern of the samples and analyzed the characteristic and evolutionary process of each pattern. Conclusions based on the analysis of the ancestral homes are as follows: 1.The house pattern of these China's Korean ethnics who are originally from the Hamkyung province is mainly jeongji- access type (A-type). A-type is mainly distributed along the Tumen River and Yalu River, in the Sino-Russian borders and the inland areas of Heilongjiang province. With the migration of the China's Korean ethnics, in Sino-Russian borders and the inland areas of Heilongjiang province, A-type with the 'badang' space, vestibule-access type (C-type) and living-centered type (D-type) appeared. 2. House patterns of Korean ethnics who are originally from the Pyongan province include three types: A-type, kitchen type (B-type) and C-type. A-type is mainly distributed along the Yalu River while B-type and C-type are mainly in the inland areas of these three Northeast provinces. With the decrease of population, the merger of rooms happened in A-type; while in the B-type and C-type, bathroom and storage came to exist in the north of the room. 3. The house pattern of Korean ethnics who are originally from the Gyeongsang province is mainly B-type, which is distributed in the inland areas of Heilongjiang and Jilin provinces. Besides, C-type and D-type also exist. They are in Jilin and Liaoning provinces. In the process of evolution, storage was set in the north part of the room or the window was cancelled in order to defend the coldness in Heilongjiang area, while in Jilin and Liaoning provinces, living room came into existence, which is gradually developing to D-type.

The purpose of this research was to evaluate rural housing environment through evaluation of the two parties, public officials, the interest group and residents, the beneficiaries surveying general understanding and measuring difference in understanding between public officials and residents. Through the difference in understanding, this study was to propose effective promotion method and desirable direction of rural housing environment. For progress hereafter, by seeking active involvement of residents, this study proposed possible renewal plan of residential environment. Process of this study was first, research documents to examine several rural housing environment related promotions, and several analysis techniques like principal component analysis, multiple regression analysis used to understand different ideas Opinion of Public Officials and Inhabitants. Then take surveys of residents living in renewal zone, and surveys of public officials of borough, which already performed renewal projects to evaluate comprehensively as either residents' or administrators' view.

지금까지의 집합주거를 살펴보면 건축의 역사를 통해 일반적 혹은 보편적으로 생각되는 형태가 존재함을 알 수 있다. 왜냐하면 집합주거는 형태적으로 변화가 어렵기 때문이다. 최근 세계적인 해양강국인 네덜란드에는 이러한 전형적인 형태와는 매우 다른 집합주거 작품들이 많이 건립되었다. 이 연구는 바로 이러한 작품들의 형태적 특징에 초점을 둔다. 네덜란드 독특한 집합주거들은 현대사회의 다양한 요구를 만족시키기 위한 시도임과 동시에 근대건축의 전형적인 형태들을 탈피하고자 하는 노력의 결과이다. 일반적인 형태의 집합주기에 대하여 이러한 독특한 형태의 건축물은 유형학적 측면에서 볼 때 건축적 신-유형이라 할 수 있다. 이러한 맥락에서 이 연구의 목적은 현대 집합주거건축의 유형적 변화에 내재된 의미를 밝히는 것이다.

We measured ambient concentrations of hazardous air pollutants such as volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and aldehydes in residential areas nearby small and medium scale shipbuilding companies. The VOC concentrations were higher during the normal operation periods than vacation at which almost all operations were shutdown. Concentrations of VOCs was higher, as the sampling site was nearer from shipbuilding companies. The major components of VOCs were m,p-xylene, ethylbenzene, o-xylene, toluene, and 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene which had been found as major VOC compounds emitted from painting processes of shipbuilding in the previous studies. The major components of aldehydes analyzed were benzaldehyde, acrolein, formaldehyde, and acetaldehyde. The concentration of aldehydes was highest at the furthest sampling point from shipbuilding companies because the formation of aldehyde compounds could be occurred by the secondary chemical reactions of VOCs. The results of this study shows a proper counterplan need to be established for the reduction of hazardous air pollutants emitted from small and medium scale shipping companies.