There is not much difference in mid- to late-Holocene climate change between in South Korea and in other parts of the northern hemisphere. According to paleoclimate data from South Korea, the Holocene Climate Optimum ended around 7600-6000 BP. Lower latitudinal areas seemingly showed later termination times of the Holocene Climate Optimum. In late-Holocene, the climate was relatively cool between AD 200-AD 800 and AD 1300-AD 1900 and relatively warm between AD 800-AD 1300. In addition, the climate might be relatively cool between 1200 BC-400 BC and relatively warm between 400 BC-AD 200.

This study tried to show the usability of Asian air pollution emission data in order to improve a visibility modeling for the operation of numerical weather prediction models. For this purpose, the three most popular Asian air pollution emission data (TRACE-P, INTEX-B, REAS) were compared with domestic air pollution emission data by root mean square error. In this study, root mean square errors of air pollution materials including SOx, NOx, and VOC in Asia air pollution emission data were analyzed for 2001 and 2006. In the results, INTEX-B would be useful when the measurement data is required, while REAS would be acceptable if multi-year data were required and estimation data were allowed. Air pollutant diffusion model with Asian air pollution data can be used to estimate hourly air pollution concentration data by altitude, which would improve the accuracy of numerical weather prediction models.

현대의 도시들은 도시를 구성하는 여러 요소들이 복잡하게 얽혀있어 주변 환경 색과의 조화는 염두에 두지 않는 색채의 남용, 오용이 심각한 문제로 대두된다. 그러므로 도시 경관 색채계획이 체계적으로 이루어져 도시 전체가 어우러져 통일된 조화를 보이도록 그 주변의 자연환경과 어울리는 일정한 범위의 색채 내에서 개성 있고 짜임새 있는 색채 연출이 이루어져야 할 것이다. 도시환경 전체의 통일된 느낌을 표현하기 위해서는 커다란 부분을 차지하는 색채를 같은 계열의 색상 또는 같은 계열의 톤으로 통일시킴으로써 전체적으로 편안하고 정리된 느낌을 만들어 낼 수 있으며, 환경시설물이나 건축물 등의 색채를 적절히 조절함으로써 그 지역의 문화적 특성을 살린 의도적인 이미지를 만들어 낼 수 있다. 이러한 도시환경 색채계획을 통해 보다 쾌적한 환경을 조성하고 다른 지역과의 차별성을 강조하여 경쟁력 있는 도시로 발전하는 효과를 기대할 수 있다.

자연공원은 국민 누구나 차별없이 보호해야 할 의무가 있는 반면 향유하고 누릴 권리 역시 동등하게 갖고 있다. 그러나 현재 우리나라의 자연공원 보호론자들은 식민통치와 전쟁으로 황폐했던 녹지를 복원하고, 오염됐던 자연생태계를 정화했던 과거의 사고에서 극복하지 못하고 있다. 그러나, 경제성장과 아울러 국민들의 여가선용과 레저에 관한 욕구가 분출되면서 이러한 과거의 사고와 정책들은 오히려 자연공원을 훼손시키는 또 다른 원인이 되고 있다. 더욱이 외국의 국립공원처럼 주거지에서 멀리 격리된 것도 아닌 세계 십위권 안에 속하는 거대도시 주변에 있는 북한산, 도봉산 등은 더 할 나위도 없고 그 외에도 설악산, 지리산, 계룡산 등의 대도시 주변 산악 공원은 실로 통제가 불가능할 정도의 탐방객이 몰려들고 있는 실정이다. 그럼에도 보호론자들은 완고한 보전위주의 논리를 견지하며 편의시설 설치를 극력반대하고 있다. 다른 한편으로는 노약자, 장애인 등 사회소외계층의 자연공원을 탐방코자 하는 욕구도 분출되고 있으며, 관광업계의 외국관광객 탐방편의에 대한 민원, 그리고 해당 지방자치단체, 지역주민들의 이해관계도 첨예하게 얽혀 있는 실정이다. 이에 오랜 세월 힘들게 복원시켜놓은 자연공원을 유원지화 하는 훼손의 수단이 아닌, 보다 효율적으로 관리하고 보전할 수 있는 대안으로서의 편의시설 설치에 관하여 연구하였다.

In rural areas, in spite of the development projects of town and houses has been performed after the New Community Movement, due to rapid industrialization and urbanization, which lasted until the 2000s from the 1980s, out-migration to the cities, changes in the industrial structure, rapid aging was carried. As a result, the gap of housing environment between urban and rural areas became more serious. The meantime, the housing problem is recognized only to the problems of the big cities, mostly urban public housing policy oriented. However, when you check the indicator of the housing environment, such as the percentage of aging housing, rural environment has become a relatively poor compared to the city. In addition, due to a decrease in income and aging of the population living in rural areas of existing infrastructure to improve the living environment is weakened. And inside of the rural areas, changes in the housing environment and polarization phenomenon is becoming increasingly serious. Therefore, in this study, there is a purpose to be presented the improvement direction for efficient implementation of house remodeling support program for underprivileged group in rural areas and requires immediate attention improvement of housing environment. Previously, House remodeling support project in rural areas was carried out at the initiative of local governments and government mainly. For this reason, it is difficult due to limited institutional, to reflect the necessary parts directly to the real life of the residents. And, the demand for improvement of housing environment need modifications to solve the inconvenience of life of residents directly in many cases. It is considered that community-based house remodeling support project is to be carried out through the participation of local residents.

This study investigated the elements of soundscape in and around the traditional Korean style housing complex and the standardized Korean style housing complex popularized as farm village by Traditional Korean style housing assistance policy located in the rural area of Jeollanam-do. The purpose of this study is to understand the phenomenon and characteristic differences of the sound environments in various observation points in order to utilize them as the important elements of sound scape to consider for standardized Korean style housing complex development in the future. As a result, the traditional housing in rural area led more positive evaluation of nature sounds than standardized, newly developed Korean style housing complex. In the list of noises in each residential development type, traffic sounds and construction noise were majorly ranked. However, nature sounds had high rate of response in the sounds of introduction request. Additionally, the sounds generated by human activities such as whispering and footsteps were also in the wish list. This may suggests that soundscape design needs to approach in cultural level of a society rather than simple investigation and treatment of individual sounds of natural and artificial.

Recently, the occurrences of droughts have been increased because of global warming and climate change. Water resources that mostly rely on groundwater are particularly vulnerable to the impact of precipitation variation, one of the major elements of climate change, are very sensitive to changes in the seasonal distribution as well as the average annual change in the viewpoint of agricultural activity. In this study, the status of drought for the present and future on Jeju Island which entirely rely on groundwater using SPI and PDSI were analyzed considering regional distribution of crops in terms of land use and fluctuation of water demand. The results showed that the precipitation distribution in Jeju Island is changed in intensity as well as seasonal variation of extreme events and the amount increase of precipitation during the dry season in the spring and fall indicated that agricultural water demand and supply policies would be considered by regional characteristics, especially the western region with largest market garden crops. Regarding the simulated future drought, the drought would be mitigated in the SPI method because of considering total rainfall only excluding intensity variation, while more intensified in the PDSI because it considers the evapotranspiration as well as rainfall as time passed. Moreover, the drought in the northern and western regions is getting worse than in the southern region so that the establishment of regional customized policies for water supply in Jeju Island is needed.

Fluctuation patterns of groundwater level as a factor that reflects the characteristics of groundwater system can be categorized as the various types of aquifer with the time-series data. Time-series data on groundwater level obtained from 115 monitoring wells in Jeju Island were classified according to variation types, which were largely affected by rainfall(Dr), rainfall and pumping(Drp), and unknown cause(De). Analysis results indicate that 106 wells belong to Dr and Drp and the ratio of the wells with the wide range of fluctuation in the western and northern regions was higher than that in the eastern and southern regions. From the results that Drp is relatively higher than Dr in the western region which has the largest agricultural areas, groundwater level fluctuations may be affected significantly due to the intensive agricultural use. Non-parametric trend analysis results for 115 monitoring wells show that the increasing and decreasing trends as the ratio of groundwater levels were 14.8% and 22.6%, respectively, and groundwater levels revealed to be increased in the western, southern and northern regions excluding eastern region. Results of correlation analysis that cross-correlation coefficients and the time lags in the eastern and western regions are relatively high and short, respectively, indicate that the rainfall recharge effect in these regions is relatively larger due to the gentle slope of topography compared to that in the southern and northern regions.

For Kangjeong stream and Akgeun stream in the central part of the southern Jeju Island, on-site discharge estimation was carried out for approximately 10 months (July 2011-April 2012) twice a month on a regular basis by using ADCP (acoustic doppler current profiler) and long term rate of discharge was calculated by using SWAT (soil and water assessment tool) model. The discharge was 0.28-1.30 m 3 /sec for Kangjeong stream and 0.10-1.54 m 3 /sec for Akgeun stream. It showed the maximum in the summer and the minimum in the winter. As a result of parameter sensitivity analysis of SWAT model, CN (NRCS runoff curve number for moisture condition Ⅱ), SOL_AWC (available water capacity of the soil layer), and ESCO (soil evaporation compensation factor) showed sensitive responses. By using the result, the model was corrected and the rate of discharge was calculated. As a result, the annual discharge rate was 27.12-31.86(%) at the Akgeun basin and 23.55-28.43(%) at the Kangjeong basin.

In this study, compared with the result of water surface elevation and water velocity on the establishment of river maintenance basic plan and result of HEC-GeoRAS based GIS, and after use the result of water surface elevation and velocity were observed in the Han stream on Jeju island, analysis 2 dimensional stream flow. the lateral hydraulic characteristics and curved channel of the stream were analyzed by applying SMS-RMA2 a 2 dimensional model. The results of the analysis using HEC-RAS model and HEC-GeoRAS model indicated that the distribution ranges of water surface elevation and water velocity were similar, but the water surface elevation by section showed a difference of 0.7～2.18 EL.m and 0.63～1.16 EL.m respectively, and water velocity also showed differences of maximum 1.58m/sec and 2.67m/sec. SMS-RMA2 analysis was done with the sphere of Muifa the typhoon as a boundary condition, and as a result, water velocity distribution was found to be 1.19 through 3.91 m/sec, and the difference of lateral water velocity in No. 97 through 99 the curved channel of the stream was analyzed to be 1.59 through 2.36 m/sec. In conclusion it is anticipated that the flow analysis of 2 dimension model of stream can reflect the hydraulic characteristics of the stream curved channel or width and shape, and can be applied effectively in the establishment of river maintenance basic plan or management and designing of stream.

본연구의 결과 원예활동 프로그램을 통해 지역아동센터 아동의 자아존중감과 사회성 수준이 향상되었음을 확인되었다. 철학자 아리스토텔레스는 ‘인간은 사회적 동물이다’라는 말을 통해, 인간은 혼자서 살 수 없으며 여러 사람들과 어울려 공동체(사회)를 구성하고 그 안에서 살아가는 유기적 존재로 보았다. 공동체를 구성하고 어울려 살아간다는 것은 곧 공동체(사회)를 구성하고 유지할 수 있는 성격(특질), 즉 사회성이 필요함을 의미한다.(김동배, 권중돈, 2013) 자아존중감이 높은 아동이 사회성향상에 긍정적 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타나 있으며, 개인성격발달관점에서 자아존중감이 낮고 사회성이 부족하여 발생할 수 있는 문제들을 호소하는 아동들을 대상으로 원예활동프로그램이 활성화될 필요성 있으며, 앞으로도 주변 자연환경의 특색을 고려하여 다양하고 전문적인 원예프로그램을 개발하여 대상자들의 특성에 맞는 원예활동이 지속적으로 이루어진다면 지역아동센터를 이용하는 아동들에게 효과적인 활동이 될 것으로 보이므로, 그에 적절한 원예활동 자료의 개발이 필요하다고 생각된다.

본 연구에서는 미계측 유역인 저수지 상류 유역의 유출을 모의하기 위하여 Tank 모형의 구성성분을 개선하고 매개변수를 지역화하였으며, 모형의 적용성을 평가하였다. 저수지 상류 유역의 유출특성을 고려하여 3단 Tank 모형을 선정하였다. 유역 물수지를 고려하여 세 번째 Tank의 지하배수과정을 제외하였으며, 증발산성분은 국내의 기상관측 상황을 반영하여 개선하였다. 모형의 민감도 분석결과는 매개변수 α의 변화에 따라 모형이 합리적으로 반응한다는 것을 제시하였다. 유역의 유역특성인자와 토지이용상태를 변수로 사용하여 모형의 매개변수 지역화식을 결정하였다. 3개 유역의 유출 모의와 1개 저수지의 저수위 모의에 대하여 모형 성능을 검증하였으며, 실측치와 모의치가 유사한 경향을 나타냈다. 24개 저수지 유입량 모의에 모형을 적용한 결과, 대상 저수지 상류 유역의 평균 증발산율은 42.8%, 평균 유출률은 56.6%이었다. 결론적으로 매개변수가 지역화된 Tank 모형은 저수지 상류 유역의 유출 모의에 적용이 가능하며, 모의된 유입량 자료는 저수지 계획, 설계, 운영에 유용하게 활용될 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.