In the present study, changes in the activities of typhoons in the early typhoon season (April-June) in relation to the intensity of Siberian anticyclones and large scaled atmospheric circulations that cause those changes were analyzed. In years of positive Siberian anticyclones, typhoons occurred in the western waters of the subtropical western Pacific and went through the South China Sea to move toward the ashore to the southern coast of China or came north from the deep sea on the southeast of Philippines, changed directions and moved to the deep sea on the east of Japan. In years of negative Siberian anticyclones, typhoons occurred in the western waters of the subtropical western Pacific, went through the East China Sea and changed directions to move toward Korea and Japan. These differences between the two years were identified through stream flow differences at 850 hPa and 500 hPa between the year of positive Siberian anticyclones and the year of negative Siberian anticyclones. In both analyses, the cold northeasterly anomalies formed because anticyclonic circulation anomalies were centered on the Sea of Okhotsk and cyclonic circulation anomalies were center on the middle-latitude waters of the northwestern Pacific affected the Republic of Korea and Japan. Therefore, the cold northeasterly anomalies played the role of steering flows to prevent typhoons occurred in the subtropical western Pacific from moving toward Korea and Japan in years of positive Siberian anticyclone indexes. In particular, according to the analysis of stream flow at 850 hPa, cyclonic circulation anomalies were reinforced in the western waters of 140°E in the subtropical western Pacific and anticyclonic circulation anomalies were reinforced in the eastern waters of 140°E in the subtropical western Pacific and thus the former waters provided good environments for the occurrence of typhoons in years of positive Siberian anticyclone indexes and the latter waters provided good environments for the occurrence of typhoons in years of negative Siberian anticyclone indexes.

This study aimed to investigate the change of fog frequency and duration hours hours in South Korea. Using daily mean fog days(about 50 years) and fog duration hours(about 46 years) during the period of 1961~2010 for long-term observational data of 14 weather stations in South Korea, the change of temperature rise was analyzed. The change of fog days had a decreasing trend for the period of 1961~2010. There was a distinctly decreasing trend in Seoul and South-Eastern Coast area. The seasonal decreasing trend of fog days and fog duration hours was similar in spring and summer. On the other hand the change of Chupungnyeong in autumn and the West Coast in summer had a increasing trend. The change of fog duration hours was rarely changed. It was affected by the change of fog days. In addition, the change of fog days and fog duration hours of South-Eastern Coast area in autumn and winter had to decreasing trend. Otherwise the change of Jeonju in spring and Mokpo in summer had a increasing trend. There was a negative correlation between temperature element and fog days, and fog duration hours. But the change of fog days and fog duration hours was not decreasing trend in all areas. The decreasing trend of fog days was affected by temperature rise. However, there was not shown significant result of fog duration hours.

This study tried to show the usability of Asian air pollution emission data in order to improve a visibility modeling for the operation of numerical weather prediction models. For this purpose, the three most popular Asian air pollution emission data (TRACE-P, INTEX-B, REAS) were compared with domestic air pollution emission data by root mean square error. In this study, root mean square errors of air pollution materials including SOx, NOx, and VOC in Asia air pollution emission data were analyzed for 2001 and 2006. In the results, INTEX-B would be useful when the measurement data is required, while REAS would be acceptable if multi-year data were required and estimation data were allowed. Air pollutant diffusion model with Asian air pollution data can be used to estimate hourly air pollution concentration data by altitude, which would improve the accuracy of numerical weather prediction models.

This study identified the current condition of a long-term forecast and analyzed the demand characteristics in accordance with each field. The detailed policy plans of a long-term forecast and its follow-up task include the following. First, the need for promotion of a long-term forecast and the name of a ‘long-term forecast’ should be promoted. Second, the media of offering information needs to be promoted. Third, an in-depth survey of each segmented industry should be conducted. Fourth, it is necessary to prepare a tailored information system. Fifth, there is a need for establishing an information data delivery system according to corporate size. Sixth, it is required to provide relevant authorities with information in consideration of a regional scale. Seventh, the support of weather policies regarding a longterm forecast should be increased.

There is not much difference in mid- to late-Holocene climate change between in South Korea and in other parts of the northern hemisphere. According to paleoclimate data from South Korea, the Holocene Climate Optimum ended around 7600-6000 BP. Lower latitudinal areas seemingly showed later termination times of the Holocene Climate Optimum. In late-Holocene, the climate was relatively cool between AD 200-AD 800 and AD 1300-AD 1900 and relatively warm between AD 800-AD 1300. In addition, the climate might be relatively cool between 1200 BC-400 BC and relatively warm between 400 BC-AD 200.

The plant habitat is moved by change of growth environment due to global warming. And it have to need seed germination and successful settlement of seedling in new habitat. This study aims to supply basic data for predicting change of habitat of Dendropanax morbifera Lev., warm temperate tree in Korea, by global warming. Characteristics of seed germination of D. morbifera was studied in different temperature and light conditions. Firstly, fruit and non-fleshed seed were saw without cold treatment. Second, each fruit and non-fleshed seed were treated in wet cold and dry cold conditions at 4°C for 3 months, and it were saw in 10, 15, 20, 25, 30°C conditions. After cold treatment at 4°C, non-fleshed seed shows high germination ratio of 87%, 53%, 77%, 63%, 23% in 10°C, 15°C, 20°C, 25°C, and 30°C, respectively. Also, in filed test, non-fleshed seed was high in 69.2% and in non-light condition. However, it did not shown germinated seed in light condition. In conclusion, germination of D. morbifera mainly controlled by non-light condition in temperature after cold treatment for about 3 months on 4°C.

This paper analyses the impact of extreme climate events’ annual variation in temperature and precipitation on agricultural land values with a panel data of 49 municipalities for 1992-2010 based upon a Ricardian approach in order to consider the short and long-term impacts of climate change. The estimates indicate that heavy rainfall-related extreme climate events negatively affect agricultural land values. However, summer-related extreme events in temperature are negatively related to agricultural land values, while winter-related ones in temperature have a positive impact on them except for extreme cold wave in the daytime. This result confirms that temperature-related variables are more significant than precipitation-related ones in explaining and measuring the economic effect of global warming and extreme climate events on agriculture in Korea.

We analyzed the surface changes in each forest type based on multi-temporal satellite imagery and climate data analysis on the mountainous regions of Gangwon-do as the case study. As a result of forest type classification using satellite imagery, the area of coniferous forests was decreased, but the area of deciduous forests and the mixed forests were increased. The annual mean temperature in the study area generally risen, and the rise in the annual mean temperature in Wonju particularly displayed a notable rise in 1992. Temperature change in the seasons resulted in a greater rise rate in winter and autumn, compared to other seasons. Such annual mean temperature rise affected the change in forest type distribution, thus directly and indirectly affecting the decrease in the surface area of coniferous forests, and also greatly affecting the expansion of distribution and the growth of mixed forests and deciduous forests. The surface change analysis of each forest type using the post-classification comparison method showed considerable change from coniferous forests to deciduous forests and mixed forests, as a result of the change in forest type based on the increased annual mean temperature after 1990. Furthermore, the change in deciduous forests significantly occurred in mixed forest regions. With these results, future forest type data are expected to be used as the main index of climate change vulnerability assessment, and more accurate quantitative results are expected to be deduced with the assessment of other climatic elements and relationships with different forest types.