We developed a numerical model that considered the influences on the thermal environment of vegetation, water surfaces and buildings to predict micro climatic changes in a few km2 scales; and applied this model to the Mino residential development region in Osaka Prefecture by using a nested technique. The calculated temperatures and winds in the residential development region reasonably agreed with the observed ones. We then investigated the influences on the thermal environment of the construction of a dam, the change of the green coverage rate. The results obtained from the numerical simulations were qualitatively reasonable.

The purpose of this study is to analyze the impact of land-use and population change in rural area by new expressway. Chungbu expressway constructed in 1987, going through the south area of Kyunggi province from Seoul, was selected as a case expressway, and also 2 cities and 18 subdivisions of county in its surrounding area, as a case study area. To analyze the change characteristics before and after the construction, land-use maps of 1986 and 1996 were collected, including the census data for the years in cities and counties yearbooks. Remote sensing technology was applied to classify the land-use maps with six types of land use. Geographic information system was also used for spatial analysis, such as the land-use and accessibility changes. A 5 km buffer zone from interchange of the expressway showed about two times increase of urbanized built-up area than a 5 km buffer zone from the expressway. Accessibility from Seoul and cities was improved in most areas, which is accessing to Seoul through existing Youngdong expressway. Ten rural areas showed increased population with accessibility of average 52 minutes to Seoul and 19 minutes to cities, while eight areas showed decreased population with average 73 minutes to Seoul and 35 minutes to cities. This shows that the threshold value, which is time distance to Seoul and cities for population increase or decrease, one and half hours, respectively. Urbanized area was increased in most areas, even in population decrease areas, so this indicates that there are thinning rural areas, increasing urbanized area while decreasing population.

This study was carried out to find out the time-dependent change of central functions in the depopulated rural areas. Three county areas were selected for the case study ; Haenam(as a remote flat area), Goksung(as an intermediate mountainous area), and Hwasun(as a peri-urban area). For each district area administered by each county, service facilities stock was surveyed at both the present('02) and the past('89 or '94)time, and its functional index checked. From the study results, table-tennis rooms, oil shops and inns were ascertained to be disappeared now in the absolute or real terms, while beer halls, restaurants and bakeries to be sharply increased. Generally, in spite of the substantial depopulation in the past decade, service facilities stock has been increased in and concentrated to the highest order center of rural area (county office seated district). However, where this center leans to the outer side of its county area and to the opposite direction against the regional center, the dependent level of service function on the highest center have decreased.

비만유전자 산물인 leptin은 비만뿐만 아니라 여성의 생식 생리와 관련이 있는 것으로 보이나, 아직 이러한 leptin이 난소에 직접적으로 작용하는지 정확하게 밝혀지지 않고 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 흰쥐 난소에서 leptin과 leptin 수용체의 발현을 면역조직화학방법으로 확인하고 발정주기에 따른 leptin과 leptin 수용체의 발현 양상을 RT-PCR 방법으로 조사하고자 하였다. 면역조직화학적 염색방법 결과 흰쥐 난소내에서 leptin은 협

마늘의 수확 후 줄기 및 뿌리의 절단이 마늘의 저장 중 물리, 화학적 특성에 미치는 영향을 조사하기 위하여 무안산(스페인산)과 의성산(재래종), 남해산(중국산) 마늘을 각각 1cm, 3cm, 5cm의 줄기를 남기고 절단한 것과 뿌리를 1cm 이내로 절단한 것과 절단하지 않은 처리구에 대하여 2 저장온도에서 8개월의 저장기간동안 중량감소율, 부패율, 발아율, 전당, 환원당 및 피루빅산의 함량 변화를 분석하였다. 실험결과 줄기 길이가 긴 처리구 일수

In T. S. Eliot's early poetic works, from his juvenilia to The Waste Land, the style changes are remarkable. The coherent, homogeneous, hypotactic, linear, logical style turns into the fragmented, heterogeneous, illogical, incoherent, paratactic style. Many literary critics have reviewed the diverse literary influences as well as philosophical, artistic, political, and social influences on his poems, but they have not taken into consideration one important factor: his writing tool. A writing tool is not merely a tool to record one's thought, but it can function as “a precondition of production that contributes to our thinking prior to any conscious reaction” (Friedrich Kittler, Gramophone, Film, Typewriter 214). In his early career, Eliot replaced the traditional writing tools of pen and ink with a modern mechanical writing tool, typewriter. These two writing tools are closely related with two distinct ratios of human senses and two different kinds of cultures. Handwriting requires the hand's collaboration with the eye that guides the hand through each movement and constantly attending to the creation of each letter. When the visual technology of handwriting is emphasized, it transforms fragmented and heterogeneous reality into “homogeneity, uniformity, and continuity” (Marshall McLuhan Understanding Media 87). However, typewriting that depends on blind and tactile technologies does not require the use of the eye in the act of composition. When the eye does not have to participate in the typewriting act, there is a radical change of the ratio of human senses in the moment of composition. On making tremendous impacts on modern human consciousness, and on the ways in which modern human beings perceive reality, think, and produce discourse, typewriting produces fragmented and disruptive writings, in which illogical thinking, heterogeneity, multi-formity, and discontinuity are prominent. Thus, I suggest that a new poetics of fragmentation and disruption in modernist works would be profitably reconsidered with respect to the typewriting technologies that dissociate the eye from the writing acts.

본 연구는 단계적 변화론 모형을 청소년의 운동행동에 적용하여, 청소년 운동행동의 변화 단계를 예측하고, 청소년의 운동행동의 변화 단계에 따른 의사결정 균형 및 자기효능감의 차이를 규명하며, 운동행동 변화단계, 의사결정균형, 자기효능감간의 관계모형을 제시하였다. 서울시 노원구 소재 6개 중,고등학교에 재학중인 671명의 학생들 (남: 425명, 여: 246명; 평균연령: 15.3세)이 청소년들의 운동행동단계를 확인하고 이에 영향을 줄 것으로 예상되는 인지적, 동기적 변인들의 관련성을 조사하기 위하여 본 연구에 참여하였다. 본 연구에 사용된 측정도구는 한국판 운동행동단계 질문지, 의사결정균형 설문지 그리고 자기효능감 질문지이다. 연구결과에 따르면, 총 671명 청소년 중, 운동단계별로 계획전단계는 117명(17.5%), 계획단계 112명(16.6%), 준비단계 137명(20.4%), 행동단계 189명(28.3%), 그리고 유지단계 116명(17.2%)으로 나타났으며, 54.5%에 해당되는 청소년들이 현재 전혀 운동을 하고 있지 않거나 불규칙적으로 운동에 참여하는 것으로 보고되었다. 남자청소년들은 여자청소년들에 비해 운동의 유지단계에 더 많이 분포되어 있는 반면, 여자청소년들은 계획단계에 많이 분포되어 있는 것으로 나타났다. 청소년들의 자기효능감은 운동단계가 진보함에 따라 지속적으로 향상되었으며, 그러한 자기효능감의 변이는 각 운동행동단계간에 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 청소년들의 운동이득요인 및 운동장해요인도 운동행동의 단계에 따라 유의한 차이가 있는 것으로 보고되었다. 또한 운동행동의 단계는 자기효능감, 운동이득요인, 그리고 운동장해요인과 통계적으로 유의한 상관이 있는 것으로 보고되었으며, 이러한 상관관계를 토대로 본 연구에서 선택한 자기효능감, 운동이득요인 및 운동장해요인들은 청소년의 운동행동단계를 설명하는데 있어 유의하게 작용하는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구는 비교적 이전에 얻지 못했던 한국 청소년들의 운동행동에 대한 중요한 정보를 제공하며, 학교나 지역사회 차원에서 청소년을 위한 더욱 더 효과적인 건강증진 프로그램 및 운동행동 변화 전략을 개발하는데 중요한 기초자료로 활용될 수 있을 것이다.

Endogenous ABA and batatasins were first quantified in the stored tubers and bulbils of the Chinese yam, Dioscorea opposita Thunb. cv. 'Tsukune' by GC-MS with comparison of internal standard, and sugar content was also analyzed by HPLC with comparison of external standard. Endogenous ABA content in stored tubers and bulbils was rapidly decreased as storage period prolonged. ABA content of the bulbils was always higher than that of tuber during storage periods. All batatasins of stored tubers and bulbils at 30 days after storage decreased steadily compared to 120 days after storage. On the contrary, batatasin-Ⅲ of the stored tuber and bulbils was only decreased at 60 days after storage. In Dioscorea opposita Thunb. cv. 'Tsukune' like D. japonica, D. alata, and D. bulbifera, may be controlled by endogenous batatasins and ABA, In these compounds, batatasins rather than ABA might be closely related to dormancy-inducing compound during dormancy of the Chinese yam, Dioscorea opposita Thunb. cv. Tsukune.

칡 추출물에 감마선을 조사하여 색상 개선, 항산화성 및 항균성에 미치는 영향을 검토하였다. 칡 추출물은 methanol 과 acetone으로 추출하였으며, 감마선은 10, 20 그리고 30 kGy로 조사하였다. 칡 추출물은 감마선 조사 선량이 증가할수록 명도(Hunter color L-value)가 증가하였으며, 적색도(a값) 와 황색도(b값)은 감소하는 경향을 보여줬다. 칡 추출물의 항산화력(TBARS)은 acetone 추출물보다 methano

The effects of drying agents and ethyl alcohol treatment on the flower color of Gentiana uchiyamai. The flower color was not much changed in flower sheet, in the case of absorbtion papers only. The color was least changed in Korean and China hwasunjis, in the case of absorbtion papers and silica gel treatment. The color was less changed in flower sheets, window papers, and China hwasunjis, and was most changed in newspapers, in the case of absorbtion papers and Na2SO4 treatment. The color was least changed in China hwasunjis, and most changed in dampened papers, in the case of absorbtion papers and CaO treatment. The color tended to change far from the original one, as treatment time got longer, in the case of 0.01M and 0.lM of tartaric acid. The longer the treatment time and the bigger the concentration of ethyl alcohol, the bigger flower color.

삼백초의 수확시기와 횟수를 달리함으로써 생육과 경엽수량에 미치는 영향을 구명하여 재배법개선에 필요한 기초자료를 얻고자 시험한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 1회 수확시의 생육은 7월 16일과 7월 31일 수확에서 가장 왕성하였으며, 2회 수확시는 1회 수확시기가 빠를수록 양호하였다. 2. 상품 경엽수량은 7월 31일까지는 수확시기가 늦을수록 많았으나, 이후 10월 16일에서는 41% 수준으로 감소폭이 컸다. 3. 건물율은 수확시기가 늦을수록 높아지는 경향이었다.

This study was carried out for reading the change of local meteorological environment according to dam construction of Nakdong-river using numerical model. The study used PSU/NCAR Mesoscale Model version5(MM5) for inquiring effect of formation of artificial lake after dam construction. The colleague simulated temperature mixing ratio, latent heat flux and sensible heat flux in two cause of existing lake and not. Temperature and mixing ratio in southwest of Andong lake increased because of the air that was warm and moist above the lake moved to southwest due to the northeasterly wind. In the case of existing lake around Andong, latent heat flux increased much in the daytime after sunrise. However, sensible heat flux decreased but it didn't change distinctly in southwest of Andong like the other values.

This study was carried out for reading the change of local meteorological environment according to dam construction of Nakdong-river using meteorological data analysis, and modeling. The meteorological data analysised are mean temperature, foggy day, precipittion day and sunshine time. As the result of analyzing meteorological data of before and after the construction of dam in Andong and Hapchon, some discrepancy were observed by month because the lakes have different effect on the region as wind field. The common phenomenons that are revealed after dam construction are increase of foggy day and decrease of sunshine time.

It is very important and necessary for safe maneuvering and piloting of a VLCC to know the quantity of her sinkage and trim changes in advance when she enters into shallow water area from deep sea. It is already well known that the quantity of sinkage and trim of a vessel change when she navigates between the sea areas of different depths. In this paper, the authors induced five mathematic formulas to compute the quantity of hull sinkage and trim changes arising from the different conditions and speeds of vessels and sea depth. Also they checked and examined the conditions of 131 VLCC class vessels with the over all lengths between 200 to 360 meters and evaluated mean values of Cb, Lpp/B, Lpp/dm, the trim and mean draft(dm) of them according to the different groups of length and loaded conditions. Using the calculating math formulas and loaded conditions, the authors math tables to find the quantity of hull sinkage and trim changes due to the different size, condition and speed of vessels and the depth of sea.

품질관련 성분 중 총질소, 총아미노산, 엽록소 및 비타민 C는 CO2 gas 3시간 혐기처리가 타처리에 비해 함량이 약간 많았으며, 탄닌은 공기 처리가 카페인은 진공처리에서 함량이 약간 많은 경향이었다. 유리당은 CO2 gas 처리가 2,050mg/100g으로 타처리에 비해 31~449mg/100g정도 많았다. 혐기처리시 GABA와 alanine이 축적되는데, GABA함량은 N2 CO2 gas 처리가 무처리 (350mg/100g)에 비해 215mg/100g과 264mg/100g으로 6~8배 많았다. 제다품질은 무처리 80.4점에 비해 N2, CO2 gas 처리 각각 80.0, 80.3점으로 차이가 거의 없었으나, 공기 및 진공처리는 각각 78.3, 78.9점으로 약간 품질이 저하되는 경향이었다. N2나 CO2 gas처리 후 제다된 녹차는 기능성분인 GABA함량이 무처리에 비해 6~8배 많고, 제다 품질도 양호하였다.

1900년대 이후 지구의 대기 중에서 뚜렷하게 나타나고 있는 현상은 산업화에 따른 온실가스의 증가인데, 이와 같은 온실가스의 증가는 지구온난화 현상을 야기해서 지구의 기후를 변화시키고 있는 것으로 알려지고 있다. 그러나, 지구온난화 현상이 지구환경에 미치는 영향에 대한 정확한 분석은 이루어지지 못하고 있는 실정이다. 본 연구에서는 지구온난화에 따른 한반도 수문환경의 변화를 분석 및 예측하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 국지규모 수문-대기 모형을 통해 모의된 지