본 연구의 목적은 코칭 수퍼비전 과정에서 수퍼바이지의 학습 및 발달 메커 니즘을 발견하고 이해하며 설명하는 것이다. 비판적 실재론과 Glaser의 근거이 론을 바탕으로 21명의 참가자를 대상으로 한 심층면담을 통해 발달과제요인, 발 달전략요인, 내현적 기대요인의 세 가지 주요 상위 범주를 도출하였다. 발달과 제요인의 중간 범주에는 코칭의 구현, 직업적 정체성 확립, 코칭 전문화, 소명적 정체성 확립, 전인 개발 구현으로 나타났다. 발달전략요인의 중간 범주에는 실 습과 점검, 비즈니스 모델 최적화, 전문성 몰입, 소명 최적화, 전인 성장으로 나 타났다. 내현적 기대 요인의 중간 범주는 심리 정서, 현실 과제, 교육 목표로 나 타났다. 이러한 범주들은 상호 작용하여 코칭 역량 발달, 코칭 비즈니스 전문성 발달, 현장 활동 중심 발달, 소명적 정체성 발달, 통합 발달의 5가지 발달 단계 키워드를 명명하였다. 발달 과정 속에서 수퍼바이지는 시기적, 개인적으로 특정 한 발달 과제에 따라 발달 전략을 동기화하여 행동으로 연결하였다. 상황의 긴 급성이 커질수록 내현적 기대요인이 높아져 적합한 수퍼바이저를 찾게 되었다. 본 연구는 수퍼바이지 발달의 실재적 메커니즘을 발견하고 이론 정립을 통해 체 계적인 코칭 수퍼비전 전문성 연구에 기여하고자 한다.

본 연구의 목적은 개인의 효과적 목표 달성을 돕기 위한 그릿코칭역량 척도 를 개발하는 것이다. 이를 위해 그릿코칭의 기본 개념과 척도의 구성요인 및 예 비문항의 구성을 위해 선행연구 및 문헌조사를 실시하였으며, 그릿코칭 프로그 램에 참여한 코칭학과 석사, 박사 20인을 대상으로 초점집단면담(FGI)을 진행하 였다. 구성된 예비문항을 보육, 교육, 심리, 경영, 코칭학을 전공한 교수 및 코칭 전문가 7인에게 1차 내용 타당도를 받아 6개 구성요인, 150문항을 구성하고, 코 칭학과 교수 2인과 함께 2차 내용 타당도 검증을 통해 4개 구성요인 60개 최종 문항을 도출하였다. 성인 50명 예비조사를 통해 문항의 신뢰도를 확인하고, 성 인 261명 본조사 설문 자료를 사용하여 구성요인의 개념 타당성을 검증했으며, 탐색적 요인분석과 확인적 요인분석 통해 성장 마인드 7문항, 열정과 도전 8문 항, 존중과 신뢰 8문항, 끈기와 인내 7문항으로, 4개 구성요인 30문항의 그릿코 칭역량 척도를 확정하였다.

Carbon dots (C-dots) are a developing subclass of nanomaterials which are characterized by a typical diameter of less than 10 nm. C-dots are a type of core–shell composites that feature a surface passivation with various functional groups, including amine, carboxyl, hydroxyl group, and a carbon core. Green C-dots, which have drawn a lot of interest from researchers due to their superior water solubility, excellent biocompatibility, and environmental-friendly behavior when compared to chemically generated C-dots, can be made from a variety of low-cost and renewable materials. Since green C-dots have heteroatoms on their surface in the form of carboxyl, amine, hydroxyl, or other functional groups, which can enhance their physicochemical characteristics, quantum yield (QY), and likelihood of visible light absorption, further surface passivation is not necessary. Green C-dots may find use in the areas of biosensing, catalysis, bioimaging, and gene and drug delivery. In this paper, the creation of C-dots was outlined, and its fluorescence process examined. This review represents the summary of synthesis, mechanism, properties, characterization, and applications of C-dots. This article aims at the green chemistry strategies for C-dot synthesis. Furthermore, a discussion on the applications of C-dots produced with green approaches is presented. The paper may help the researchers in the field to develop new C-dots with potential features to attract the attention of new applications.

This paper explores the potential application of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in the construction industry, as CNTs can effectively serve as nano-fillers, bridging the voids and holes in cement structures. However, the limited dispersibility of CNTs in water necessitates the use of dispersing agents for achieving uniform dispersion. In this study, two kinds of cement superplasticizers, polycarboxylate ether (PCE) and sulfonated naphthalene formaldehyde (SNF) were employed as dispersing agents to improve the interfacial affinity between CNTs and cement, and to enhance the strength of the cement nanocomposites. Contact angle experiments revealed that the utilization of PCE and SNF effectively addressed the interface issues between CNTs and cement. As a result, the cement nanocomposite with a CNT to PCE ratio of 1:2 exhibited an approximately 6.6% increase in compressive strength (73.05 MPa), while the CNT:SNF 1:2 cement composite showed a 4.7% increase (71.72 MPa) compared to plain cement (68.52 MPa). In addition, the rate of crack generation in cement nanocomposites with CNTs and dispersing agents was found to be slower than that of plain cement. The resulting cement nanocomposites, characterized by enhanced strength and durability, can be utilized as safer materials in the construction industry.

Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNT) have a strong and stable near-infrared (nIR) fluorescence that can be used to selectively detect target analytes, even at the single molecule level, through changes in either their fluorescence intensity or emission peak wavelength. SWNTs have been employed as NIR optical sensors for detecting a variety of analytes. However, high costs, long fabrication times, and poor distributions limit the current methods for immobilizing SWNT sensors on solid substrates. Recently, our group reported a protocol for SWNT immobilization with high fluorescence yield, longevity, fluorescence distribution, and sensor response, unfortunately this process takes 5 days to complete. Herein we report an improved method to immobilize SWNT sensors that only takes 2 days and results in higher fluorescence intensity while maintaining a high level of SWNT distribution. We performed surface morphology and chemical composition tests on the original and new synthesis methods and compared the sensor response rates. The development of this new method of attaching SWNT sensors to a platform allows for creation of a sensing system in just 2 days without sacrificing the advantageous characteristics of the original, 5-day platforms.

The lithium-ion battery has been utilized in various fields including energy storage system, portable electronic devices and electric vehicles due to their high energy and power densities, low self-discharge, and long cycle-life performances. However, despite of various research on electrode materials, there is a lack of research on developing of binder to replace conventional polymer-based binding materials. In this work, petroleum pitch (MP-50)/polymer (polyurethane, PU) composite binder for lithium-ion battery has fabricated not only to use as a binding material, but also to re-place conventional polymer-based binder. The MP-50/PU composite binder has also prepared to various ratios between petroleum pitch and polymer to optimize the physical and electro-chemical performance of the lithium-ion battery based on the MP-50/PU composite binder. The physical and electrochemical performances of the MP-50/PU composite binder-based lithium-ion battery were evaluated using a universal testing machine (UTM), charge/discharge test. As a result, lithium-ion battery based on the MP-50/PU composite (5:5, mass ratio) binder showed optimized performances with 1.53 gf mm− 1 of adhesion strength, 341 mAh g− 1 of specific discharge capacity and 99.5% of ICE value.

본 연구는 COVID-19 중∙후 과정에서 나타난 중국 4세 유아의 신체 발달, 정서발달의 실태 현황을 파악하여 이를 토대로 정책적 제안을 하 고자 한다. 이를 위해 동영시와 빈저우시에 거주하는 중국 4세 유아의 학부모 1,040명을 통해 설문지를 수집하였으며 수집된 설문지는 SPSS 25.0을 이용하여 분석하였다. 이를 통해 국가및 지역사회의 유아교육 정 책 입안자, 유아교육 기관의 교직원, 학부모 등 유아 발달에 관한 정책 방안 및 실제적인 지침을 수립하는데 필요한 기초정보를 제공하고자 한 다. 또한 유아의 신체발달, 정서발달에 관한 다양한 프로그램을 개발하는 데에도 도움을 주고자 한다.

ㅊThis study aims to analyze fashion design cases using traditional elements based on the research and analysis of traditional folk cultural paper-cutting crafts in China, and to expand the area of fashion design using traditional elements by developing 3D digital fashion design. For herein, the techniques and characteristics of Chinese paper-cutting crafts were investigated. This survey facilitated an analysis of the formative characteristics of battery crafts in contemporary fashion design. As for the analysis case, the case of using battery crafts expressed in modern fashion for 10 years from 2010 to 2024 S/S was selected. The results are as follows. First, the typical characteristics of Chinese paper cutting technology—relief, micro-carved, combined with relief and micro-carved expressive techniques of engraving art effect— can be explored by analyzing contemporary fashion case collections through the perspective and trend of leading traditional culture. Second, in the traditional paper cutting process, most paper-cutting works are expressed in red, but white and black are mainly used in fashion, in addition to the active use of the five colors. Third, the characteristics of contemporary fashion patterns primarily utilize the paper-cutting process, incorporating elements such as plants, animals, and geometric patterns. Fourth, the utilization of paper cutting in 3D digital design offers time and economic benefits, allowing for quick adjustments to various design developments. In contemporary fashion, it is expected that the use of paper cutting can provide useful creativity and value for the inheritance and modernization of traditional culture.

Food webs have received global attention as next-generation biomonitoring tools; however, it remains challenging because revealing trophic links between species is costly and laborious. Although a link-extrapolation method utilizing published trophic link data can address this difficulty, it has limitations when applied to construct food webs in domestic streams due to the lack of information on endemic species in global literature. Therefore, this study aimed to develop a link extrapolation-based food web model adapted to Korean stream ecosystems. We considered taxonomic similarity of predation and dominance of generalists in aquatic ecosystems, designing taxonomically higher-level matching methods: family matching for all fish (Family), endemic fish (Family-E), endemic fish playing the role of consumers (Family-EC), and resources (Family-ER). By adding the commonly used genus matching method (Genus) to these four matching methods, a total of five matching methods were used to construct 103 domestic food webs. Predictive power of both individual links and food web indices were evaluated by comparing constructed food webs with corresponding empirical food webs. Results showed that, in both evaluations, proposed methods tended to perform better than Genus in a data-poor environment. In particular, Family-E and Family-EC were the most effective matching methods. Our model addressed domestic data scarcity problems when using a link-extrapolation method. It offers opportunities to understand stream ecosystem food webs and may provide novel insights into biomonitoring.

Distribution and logistics industries contribute some of the biggest GDP(gross domestic product) in South Korea and the number of related companies are quarter of the total number of industries in the country. The number of retail tech companies are quickly increased due to the acceleration of the online and untact shopping trend. Furthermore, major distribution and logistics companies try to achieve integrated data management with the fulfillment process. In contrast, small and medium distribution companies still lack of the capacity and ability to develop digital innovation and smartization. Therefore, in this paper, a deep learning-based demand forecasting & recommendation model is proposed to improve business competitiveness. The proposed model is developed based on real sales transaction data to predict future demand for each product. The proposed model consists of six deep learning models, which are MLP(multi-layers perception), CNN(convolution neural network), RNN(recurrent neural network), LSTM(long short term memory), Conv1D-BiLSTM(convolution-long short term memory) for demand forecasting and collaborative filtering for the recommendation. Each model provides the best prediction result for each product and recommendation model can recommend best sales product among companies own sales list as well as competitor’s item list. The proposed demand forecasting model is expected to improve the competitiveness of the small and medium-sized distribution and logistics industry.

Background: Porcine embryonic development is widely utilized in the medical industry. However, the blastocyst development rate in vitro is lower compared to in vivo . To address this issue, various supplements are employed. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) play the role of communicators that carry many bioactive cargoes. Additionally, the contents of EVs can vary on the estrous cycle. Methods: We compared the effects of adding EVs derived from porcine uterine fluid (UF), categorized as non-EV (G1), EVs in estrus (G2) and EVs in diestrus (G3). After in vitro culture (IVC) was performed in three different groups, cleavage rate and blastocyst development rate were examined. In addition, glutathione (GSH) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were measured 2 days after activation to assess oxidative stress. Results: Using NTA and cryo-TEM, we confirmed the presence of EVs with sizes ranging from 30 nm to 200 nm, that the particles were suitable for analysis for analysis. In IVC data, the highest cleavage rate was observed in G2, which was significantly different from G1 but not significantly different from the next highest, G3. Similarly, the highest blastocyst development rate was observed in G2, which was significantly different from G1 but not significantly different from the next highest, G3. Conclusions: These results indicate that estrus derived EVs contain biofactors beneficial for early blastocyst development, including GSH which protects the blastocyst from oxidative stress. Additionally, although diestrus-derived EVs are expected to have some effect on blastocyst development, it appeared to be less effective than estrus-derived EVs.

The Korean government has been implementing international development cooperation projects on smart greenhouse for high-valued crops through the Agency of Education, Promotion, and Information Service in Food, Agriculture, Forestry, and Fisheries (EPIS). These projects have been carried out in four Asian countries – the Philippines, Cambodia, Vietnam, and Indonesia – since 2020. The main objectives of these projects are to enhance agricultural productivity, provide innovative capacity building, and establish effective marketing systems in collaboration with recipient organizations in each country. By focusing on medium- and small-scale farmers who are susceptible to climate shocks, these projects have successfully increased crop yields and the average income of farm households that have adopted advanced greenhouse facilities. This has been achieved through improved planting and marketing strategies for high-valued crops. In summary, these projects are playing a crucial role in the modernization of agriculture through the Vulnerable-Smart Agriculture (VSA) scheme, while also collecting policy data to effectively address climate change vulnerabilities. This is being done through a tripartite mechanism involving research, extension activities, and education, all aimed at promoting sustainable agricultural growth in developing countries.

Nursing research in veterinary hospitals is critical to the work of veterinary nursing and is necessary for continued advancements that promote optimal nursing care. Since the work of veterinary nursing involves animals with whom communication is difficult, the level of work performance can vary greatly depending on the experience, knowledge, and abilities of each animal nurse. In addition, veterinary nursing might establish a successful work environment through collaboration with veterinarians, and smooth work cooperation and communication among hospital members are direct factors in improving the work performance of animal hospitals. Because the work of nursing shows significant differences in performance depending on the individual, much research is being conducted to develop tools to measure work performance in the veterinary nursing field of medical assistants. In the present study, we attempted to develop a work performance measurement tool that is useful and suitable for veterinary nursing using the Delphi method. As a result of this study, an 18-item questionnaire was developed to measure the work performance of veterinary nursing, and these evaluation items were found to have excellent suitability in terms of content and construct validity. The evaluation scale of work performance of animal nurses developed through this study is believed to be useful in evaluating work performance in terms of work performance ability, attitude, and work performance relationship. Additionally, it is considered that the results of this study can be actively used to understand and develop the work relationships of veterinary nursing.

본 논문의 목적은 생성형 AI 기술의 급속한 발달로 인해 변화하는 게임산업의 생태계를 살펴 보고 이에 따른 대응방안을 모색하는 데 있다. 2022년 11월 OpenAI가 ChatGPT를 대중에게 공개한 이후, 생성형 AI를 가장 직접적으로 활용 및 투자하고 있는 분야는 게임콘텐츠 산업이 다. 생성형 AI의 활용은 단순반복적인 작업의 효율화를 통해 게임 개발의 간소화와 예산 절감 을 가능케 한다. 여기에 플레이어의 반응에 실시간 반응하며 소통하는 콘텐츠 자동 생성을 통 해 사용자 경험을 극대화한다. 실제 게임 개발 현장에서도 게임 레벨, 맵, 퀘스트, 지능형 NPC, QA 자동화 등 게임 제작과 운영의 전 분야에서 생성형 AI 도구가 활용되고 있다. 신기 술에 민감하며 노동집약적인 게임의 산업적 특성 때문에 생성형 AI가 게임산업의 미래를 바꿀 것이라는 전망과 함께, 저작권 이슈와 대량 해고 등 우려 또한 제기되고 있다. 이에 대응하기 위해 게임업계는 생성형 AI가 가져올 불가피한 변화를 적극적으로 받아들이고, 이분법적 ‘대체 론’을 넘어 인간의 창의력과 AI 기술의 장점을 결합할 수 있는 새로운 협업 지성과 창작물에 대한 법적, 윤리적 가이드라인을 모색해야 한다.

본 연구는 국가 연구개발(R&D) 과제 데이터를 기반으로 국내 화장품 산업의 연구개발 동향을 분석하여 중소기업의 경쟁력 강화 방안을 제시하고자 하였다. 2019년부터 2023년까지의 화장품 관련 국가 R&D 과제 데이터를 활용하여 연도별, 주요 수행 주체, 지역적 특성, 주요 부처, 주요 기능 및 효능별 R&D 현황을 종합적으로 분석하고 고찰함으로써, 중소기업 R&D의 방향성 및 전략을 도출하였다. 분석 결 과, 화장품 산업은 중소기업을 중심으로 다양한 기능성 제품 개발에 주력하고 있으며, 최근에는 특히 친환 경적이고 지속 가능한 소재 개발에 큰 비중을 두고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 지역적으로는 경기도와 충청북 도에서 R&D 활동이 가장 활발하며, 이는 지역 산업의 R&D 역량이 높음을 반영한다. 본 연구는 국가 R&D 과제 데이터 기반의 체계적인 R&D 종합 분석을 통해 화장품 산업의 최근 동향을 파악하고, 중소기 업의 시장 경쟁력 강화 및 지속 가능한 성장 전략 수립에 필요한 근거를 제공하였다. 이러한 연구 결과는 중소기업 뿐만 아니라 정책 입안자에게도 유용한 정보와 통찰을 제공하여, 화장품 산업의 발전을 위한 정 책 수립 및 실행에 중요한 기초자료로 활용될 수 있을 것이다.

In recent years, the world has been undergoing a "century of great changes", and the global political and economic landscape is undergoing profound changes. The development of regional economic and political integration continues to be dynamic. As an important part of the East Asian regional economy, China- Asean (10+1) cooperation is booming, but the regional economic development mechanism in East Asia is not yet sound. In the future, China-Asean (10+1) cooperation should not only be based on enhancing East Asia's comprehensive competitiveness in the global context, but also seize the opportunity of profound changes not seen in a century to further improve the cooperation mechanism.

This paper aims to study the modeling and controller of an electrically driven tractor optimized for energy efficiency under off-road conditions and when subjected to loads such as plowing. The dynamic model design is aimed at a 30kW electric tractor. The vehicle model consists of a 30kW motor, transmission, wheels, and a controller, designed using the commercial software Matlab/Simulink. In order to optimize energy efficiency under load conditions, this paper designs and implements a PID controller focusing on the vehicle's speed and wheel slip. The newly proposed electric tractor modeling and PID controller aim to demonstrate improved energy efficiency through simulation.