남한지역 무문토기의 편년은 돌대문토기를 표지로 한 早期의 설정이 이루어지면서 새로운 전환점을 맞이하게 된다. 미사리·옥방 5지구유적 등과 같이 돌대문토기만을 반출하는 주거지가 조기의 표지적인 유적이며, 옥방 5지구·수가리유적의 연대측정 결과를 근거로 조기를 신석기시대 말기와 병행하는 것으로 보는 견해와 突帶文土器외에도 二重口緣土器등 조기에 다양한 토기가 병존했을 가능성을 염두해 둔 견해가 있다. 미사리유적에서 출토된 유물로서는 조기의 유물조합상황을 파악하기 어렵고, 옥방5지구와 동일하거나 더 높은 연대측정자료들이 많기 때문에 신석기말기까지 조기를 올려보기는 어렵다. 무문토기시대 조기는 돌대문토기·이중구연토기의 주류속에 鋸齒文土器·孔列文土器·橫帶區劃文土器등이 병존하였으며, 신석기시대 말기 다음에 이어지는 것으로 보아야 한다. 무문토기시대 전기는 2000년대 이후 역삼동식토기·가락동식토기·흔암리식토기가 병존하는 것으로 논의가 정립되었으나, 최근 複合文에서 단순문으로의 변화, 즉 가락동식토기·흔암리식토기→역삼동식토기로의 변화가 제기되고 있다. 그러나 그것은 역삼동식토기가 뒤늦게 등장하는 것이 아니라 어느 지역에서 장기간 존속하였다는 지역적인 특징으로 보아야 한다. 전기의 특징은 돌대문토기가 소멸되며, 이중구연토기는 類似二重口緣의 형태로 변화하며, 역삼동식토기·흔암리식토기 등 孔列文系土器의 확산과 더불어 지역적 특징이 나타난다. 남한의 무문토기 조기는 동북한지역 보다는 요동~서북한지역과의 관련성이 높은데, 쌍타자·대취자Ⅲ기, 신암리Ⅱ기, 공귀리·심귀리Ⅰ기, 세죽리Ⅱ1기, 구룡강Ⅰ기, 흥성Ⅲ기, 오동Ⅱ기, 서포항Ⅴ기등과 병행한다.

The tribe Atimiini LeConte containing two genera (Atimia and Paratimia) and about 12 species is distributed in East Asia and North America. The systematic position of the Atimiini has long puzzled the Coleopterist due to the Lamiid-like aspect of the Atimia. But the Atimiini has regarded as a tribe of the subfamily Aseminae since Webb (1912) associated the Atimia with the Asemum on the basis of larval characters. The tribe is very specialized in food habits, the species of Atimia are all restricted to trees of the Cupressaceae and Taxodiaceae, including Cupressus, Libocedrus, Thuja, Chamaecyparis, Juniperus, Taxodium, Sequoia, and their relatives. Members of the Atimiini are characterized by the combination of following features: head transverse, front short, vertical, mouthparts nearly horizontal; antennae 11-segmented, shorter than the body in both sexes, eyes large, moderately granulated, deeply emarginate, embracing antennal insertion; labrum transverse, ciliated; palpi unequal in length, the maxillary longer; pronotum quadrate, transverse; anterior coxae rounded, cavities usually not angulated, completely closed behind; mesonotum with a large, divided, stridulatory area; scutellum subquadrate; intermediate coxal cavities closed; metasternum deeply emarginate posteriorly, metepisterna narrow, attenuated behind; legs short; femora feebly clavate; tibiae armed with short spurs; wings with a closed cell in the anal sector. Here, we report the tribe Atimiini for the first time in Korea based on provisional identified species, Atimia spec. okayamensis Hayashi. We also provide a diagnosis, habitus photo, and drawings of diagnostic characters.

The genus Tetramoera Diakonoff (Tortricidae: Olethreutinae) is small group, including 6 species worldwide (Brown, 2005). Among them, 4 species, T. flavescens Kuznetsov, T. isogramma Meyrick, T. paragramma Meyrick, and T. schistaceana Snellen, have been described from the Oriental region in the early 20th century. And the other two species, T. gracilistira Turner, and T. leptalea Diakonoff were reported from Australia and South Africa respectively. During the course of the study on North Korean Tortiricidae based on the material deposited in the Hungarian Natural History Museum, Budapest, Hungary, one species of the genus Tetramoera Diakonoff was found. In the present study, the genus Tetramoera Diakonoff, is reported for the first time from the Korean Peninsula. Also a new species, Tetramoera bongwaensis sp. nov., is described as new to science. Photographs of the adults and male genitalia are presented.

In this paper, a best-first branch and bound algorithm based upon the bottom-up approach for the unweighted unconstrained two-dimensional cutting problem is proposed to find the optimal solution to the problem. The algorithm uses simple and effective meth

중저준위 방사성폐기물의 영구처분을 위하여 건설되는 월성원자력환경관리센터의 1단계 폐쇄후 안전성평가에 대하여 기술하였다. 처분시설의 건설운영허가를 위하여 작성된 안전성평가에 대하여 평가개요, 처분시설의 폐쇄개념, 처분부지에 대한 지하수 유동특성을 이용하여 평가를 위한 시나리오의 개발과정과 도출된 평가대상 시나리오에 대한 개념을 기술하였다. 폐쇄후 안전성평가 모델링을 위한 평가도구, 입력인자와 개별 시나리오에 대한 핵종누출 모델링, 기체발생 및 기체이동 모델링, 인간침입 모델링과 생태계 모델링에 대하여 기술하였다. 처분시설의 폐쇄후 안전성 평가시나리오에 대하여 국내 규제치를 만족하는 것으로 평가되었으며 향후 처분시설 안전성에 대한 불확실성 저감과 신뢰성 증진을 위한 노력을 지속적으로 수행할 예정이다.

일인칭 슈팅게임 제작에서 네트워크 지연 보정은 게임 플레이에 직접적으로 영향을 주기 때문에 이를 효과적으로 해결하기 위한 많은 연구가 진행되어 왔다. 이 연구는 예측과 시간 조작 기술을 이용하여 게임 캐릭터와 총알 등의 고속 발사체간의 자연스러운 상호작용의 처리에 초점이 맞추어져 있다. 반면, 일인칭 슈팅게임에서 저속 발사체는 발사시점에서 저속 발사체의 궤도가 정해지고 일정 시간이 지나면 폭발하는 형태로 구현되어 저속 발사체의 지연 보정을 위한 연구가 없었다. 본 논문에서는 이제껏 다루어지지 않았던 저속 발사체를 중심으로 일인칭 슈팅게임에서 효과적인 네트워크 지연보정방법을 제안한다. 저속 발사체의 위치정보의 보정을 위하여 저속 발사체의 형태를 발사 이후 발사체의 움직임에 영향을 주는 요소에 따라 세 가지로 나누어 각각의 보정방법을 제안한다. 그리고 저속 발사체의 충돌정보의 보정을 위하여 두 가지로 나누어 보정방법을 제안하고 마지막으로 게임을 제작하여 검증한다.

This study was conducted to evaluate the menu of a Japanese restaurant in a first class tourism hotel. The calculations used for the menu analysis were conducted using MS Excel 2003. Several previous studies have been conducted to analyze menus. For example, Pavesic used of the weighted contribution margins (WCM) and potential food cost (PFC%) to evaluate menus, while Kasavana & Smith used the mix margin (MM%) and unit contribution margin (CM) to evaluate menus. The menu engineering method focused on the customer's viewpoints, while the Cost/Margin analysis method considered the manager's viewpoints. The menus that need continuous keeping Kasavana & Smith (Star) and Pavesic (Standard) included 'Assorted sashimi with side dishes (big), 'Lunch box special', 'Tempura course', 'Broiled Spanish mackerel and side dishes', 'Shrimp tempura', 'Special sushi', 'Seafood Udong', 'Buckwheat noodles'. The results of this study should increase customer satisfaction and profits at the Japanese Restaurant.

The purpose of this study is to search Mattie Ingold’s life, the first lady missionary doctor served in Jeonla province. She is known as a founder of the Jesus Hospital in Jeon Ju, 108years old teaching hospital with 600 beds. But her contribution and limitation as a lady doctor was not properly evaluated. She was very well prepared medical missionary graduating Women’s Medical College in Baltimore with the first prize. She had passion for mission to Korean so much that she would not return home for this people. The Rock Hill First Presbyterian Church as a sending church was also very mission oriented enough to take care of her medical education for 5 years before sending her to Korea. However her ministry period as a medical missionary was only from 1898 to 1904. It seems not so long as to raise question if there were any reasons to quit medical ministry while serving in Jeon Ju until 1925. This study traced the Mattie Ingold’s life and circumstances she had faced at the end of 19th century and early 20th century during the Japanese colonialism. As other medical missionaries did in many area of mission fields she played an important role in introducing the Christianity by bridging the gap with the traditional worldview or with the Confucianism. Her warm hearted medical care was definitely contributed to get rid of xenophobia prevailing in those days just few years after the Donghak farmer’s revolutionary movement. Even though, as a lady doctor, her medical work was restricted to caring ladies and children, her zeal for evangelism made her translate the Christian Cathechism Primer into Korean which has been used by all missionaries in Jeonla area. She rather used her limitation as a merit by involving more actively in home visiting and providing medical care for ladies and children which was not easily available to men. She must have struggled with xenophobia, male superiority complex and the health issue of herself which could have shrink her back from active medical work. But most depressing factor might have been the mission policy based on dualistic view on the Christian mission that medical ministry was just subordinate to the evangelistic ministry and that the medical care was just a bait for evangelism. This policy could have resulted in restriction in allocating resources for medical ministry. Moreover, at that time, even mission agency had male dominating atmosphere that ladies could not have a voice in decision making. This study may provide a lesson which is worth in helping individual missionaries of today’s mission by revealing that how the policy of a mission society and the contemporary worldview affects on the individual missionary’s ministry.

A special cause producing temporary deviation in the underlying process can influence on process adjustment in First-Order System feedback control system. In this paper, the impact of special causes on the forecasts and the process adjustment that is based on the EWMA forecasts are derived for a first-order system. For some special causes with patterned type of contamination, the influence of the causes on the output process are explicitly investigated. A data set, contaminated by a special cause of level shift, is analyzed to confirm the impact numerically.

본 연구에서 돼지 난포란에서 채취된 난모 세포들을 체외성숙 후 형태적으로 선별하거나 극체 방출란을 선별하여 활성화 처리 후 48시간째에 분할란을 선별할 때 배발달율이 어느정도 향상되는지를 검토하였다. 난모 세포를 48시간 성숙 배양 후 형태적 선별과 극체의 방출 유무를 검사하고, 선별된 난모 세포들을 시간 추가 배양한 후 7% ethanol로 활성화시키고 cytochalasin B에 5시간 노출 후 PZM-5 배 양액으로 7일간 배양하였으며, 배양 중