This study aimed to identify the effects of shopping environmental stimuli on Chinese consumers’ functional and symbolic value perceptions toward luxury lifestyle fashion stores. An enhanced S-O-R (stimulus-organism-response) model was used as the theoretical foundation. Significant relationships were identified between shopping environmental stimuli and the perceived values.

This study reviews theoretical comparisons regarding reentry issues of incarcerated people in order to promote a better understanding of individuals’ criminal desistance. There are three major competing criminal desistance theories, and they include the subjective (identity) theory explaining an individual’s subjective processes, structural (social bonds) theory focusing on structural conditions, and integrative (subjective-social model) theory describing personal commitment and motivation combined with structural resources. First, identity defined as a sense of self is directly linked to one’s motivation and behavioral guidelines. Thus, identity theory assumes that intentional changes in one’s sense of self are necessary for criminal desistance. The theory posits that only justice-involved individuals who intentionally transform their identities can attempt to utilize structural support to help them pursue change. Second, the structural theory on social bonds provides an appropriate theoretical foundation on how social bonds, such as employment, affect criminal desistance through a series of exogenous circumstances called turning points. Employment is an important example of a social bond for justice-involved individuals since it provides structure to one’s life. Third, the integrative model assumes that personal characteristics may interact within social contexts, in that an individual has to identify, select, and act within the structure they live in, through their cognitive transformation. This article also briefly discusses two major methodological challenges deriving from the utilization of the theory.

The arrest of Meng Wanzhou, CFO of international telecom giant Huawei Technologies, have fired up political and diplomatic commotions around the world. Meng’s arrest in Vancouver based on several indictment charges accused by the US government against Meng particularly situated Canada in a precarious position of standing strong as an ally of the US, but also avoiding needless enragement of China. Because the US filed a formal extradition request to Canada, Canada’s federal Minister of Justice has to determine whether Meng’s extradition hearing will take place, by examining legal prongs under the US-Canada Extradition Treaty. The international communities will be watching closely of this contentious extradition case that will certainly have huge implications on diplomatic, economic and political relationships between the Western world and China.

본 연구에서는 일본에서 중국 지명과 인명을 어떻게 표기하고 읽는지에 대해서 한자문명의 공통자산으로서 한자에 대한 인식을 중심으로 고찰한다. 먼저 일본어 안에는 음성언어가 한자를 중심으로 한 문자언어와 상호보완적인 의존관계에 있음을 확인한다. 그리고 한자가 일본어 안에서 시니피앙(signifiant)으로서 갖는 위상과 기능을 검토하고 그것이 중국 고유명사를 어떻게 적고 읽을 것인지를 결정하는 문제와 직결됨을 확인한다. 마지막으로 근대 이후 일본에서 중국의 인명과 지명을 어떻게 표기하였으며 그것은 어떻게 변화하였는가하는 역사적 경위를 살펴본다. 또한 동아시아 한자 문화권 안의 서로 다른 언어권 간에 지명과 인명을 차용할 때에 한자음을 취할 것인가 현지음을 취할 것인가라는 문제의 성질에 대해서도 고민해 본다.