Human serum (HS) has been reported to induce aggregation of human eyelid adipose-derived stem cells (HEACs) during high-density culture in vitro. The present study focused on the role of cell adhesion molecules and gelatinases during HS-induced aggregation of HEACs. HS-induced aggregation occurred between 9-15 days of culture. Cells aggregated by HS medium (HS-agg) showed stronger expression of α2, α2B, αX, and CEACAM1 genes compared to non-aggregated cells in HS medium (HS-ex) or in control FBS-cultured cells. HS-agg were distinctly labeled with antibodies against α2, α2B, and αX proteins. Western blot results demonstrated that the two integrin proteins were greatly expressed in HS-agg compared to HS-ex and control FBS-cultured cells. Treatment of HEACs with anti-integrin α2 antibody during culture in HS medium delayed aggregation formation. HS-agg exhibited strong expression of MMP1 and MMP9 compared to HS-ex or FBS-cultured cells. Conditioned media from HS-culture showed remarkable increase of MMP9 gelatinolytic activity in comparison to those from FBS-culture. However, there was no change of TIMP mRNA expression in relation to the HS-induced aggregation. Based on these results, it is suggested that integrin α2, α2B, and αX, and MMP9 might play an important role in the HS-induced aggregation of HEACs.

Transforming growth factor (TGF) family is well known to induce the chondrogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC). However, the precise signal transduction pathways and underlying factors are not well known. Thus the present study aims to evaluate the possible role of C2 domain in the chondrogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells. To this end, 145 C2 domains in the adenovirus were individually transfected to hMSC, and morphological changes were examined. Among 145 C2 domains, C2 domain of protein kinase C eta (PKCη) was selected as a possible chondrogenic differentiation factor for hMSC. To confirm this possibility, we treated TGFβ3, a well known chondrogenic differentiation factor of hMSC, and examined the increased-expression of glycosaminoglycan (GAG), collagen type II (COL II) as well as PKCη using PT-PCR, immunocytochemistry and Western blot analysis. To further evaluation of C2 domain of PKCη, we examined morphological changes, expressions of GAG and COL II after transfection of PKCη -C2 domain in hMSC. Overexpression of PKCη-C2 domain induced morphological change and increased GAG and COL II expressions. The present results demonstrate that PKCη involves in the TGF-β3-induced chondrogenic differentiation of hMSC, and C2 domain of PKCη has important role in this process.

본 연구에서는 집속형 초음파를 이용하는 뇌 질환 치료의 연구를 위한 인체 두부 유사 팬텀을 개발하였다. 문헌 연구를 통하여 피부 조직, 두개골, 뇌 조직의 음향학적 및 물리적 특성을 조사하였으며 근사한 값을 가지는 적합한 각 조직 대체 물질을 제시하였다. 피부 조직의 경우 글리세롤 기반 연부 조직 유사 팬텀의 성분비를 조정하여 실제 조직과유사한 음향학적 특성을 가지도록 하였으며 고분자 합성수지의 음향학적 특성을 측정하여 두개골 유사 물질로써의 적합성을 평가하였다. 뇌 조직은 투명한 egg white 팬텀을 이용하여 집속형 초음파의 가열 특성을 확인할 수 있도록 하였다. 또한 뇌 질환 치료 프로토콜 개발을 위한 시험 조사가 가능하도록 대체 물질들을 결합한 두부 유사 팬텀을 제작하였고 제작된 팬텀의 유효성 및 활용성 평가를 위해 초음파 조사 조건에 따른 팬텀의 변성을 관찰하였다.

최근 디자인의 중요한 주제의 하나로 감성 디자인이 대두되고 있다. 이는 21세기를 맞이하여 과학과 신기술의 빠른 발전으로 인해 현대는 전자정보 사회로 변화하고 있고 신매체의 등장으로 대뇌적 문화에서 감각 위주의 시각언어 시대로 바뀌어 가고 있기 때문이다. 현대건축 공간의 다양한 파사드 연출은 디지털 환경과 미디어, 유비쿼터스 등의 정보기술과 투명성 등을 활용한 건축적 조형언어로 작용되며 의장적인 다양함과 변화, 공간의 풍부함을 느끼게 하는 가장 현대적인 도시환경의 패러다임으로 주되고 있음을 알 수 있다. 즉, 건축공간에서의 적극적인 미디어와 디지털 정보기술의 접목은 공간의 시각적인 인터페이스 기능을 더욱 발전시키고 가속화 시키는데 기여하고 있다. 나아가 건물의 파사드가 디지털 테크놀로지와 도시환경과의 상호작용의 매개체로서의 역할을 수행하게 하며 건축공간을 체험의 대상으로 규정하여 감성적 가치를 부여하게 되는 중요한 역할을 수행한다고 볼 수 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 국내, 외 파사드 디자인 사례들을 분석한 결과 불투명한 재료보다는 투명도가 있는 재료가 인간과 건축공간의 상호 커뮤니케이션을 조절하면서 감성을 상승시키고, 단순한 연출보다는 입체적이며 조형적인 파사드 디자인이 신선한 감성을 자극한다는 것을 알 수 있다.

In this paper, a robot vision technique is presented to detect obstacles, particularly approaching humans, in the images acquired by a mobile robot that autonomously navigates in a narrow building corridor. A single low-cost color camera is attached to the robot, and a trapezoidal area is set as a region of interest (ROI) in front of the robot in the camera image. The lower parts of a human such as feet and legs are first detected in the ROI from their appearances in real time as the distance between the robot and the human becomes smaller. Then, the human detection is confirmed by detecting his/her face within a small search region specified above the part detected in the trapezoidal ROI. To increase the credibility of detection, a final decision about human detection is made when a face is detected in two consecutive image frames. We tested the proposed method using images of various people in corridor scenes, and could get promising results. This method can be used for a vision-guided mobile robot to make a detour for avoiding collision with a human during its indoor navigation.

본 연구의 목적은 조선 시대 사상가이며 대학자인 남명의 인간관계를 분석하여 유아기 대인관계교육의 내용 및 방법을 고찰하는 데 있다. 연구 결과 남명의 인간관계는 역할과 도리를 다하는 인간관계, 상대방을 존중하는 인간관계, 마음과 행동을 중시하는 인간관계를 실천한 것으로 분석되어졌다. 남명의 인간관계 실천이 유아기 대인관계교육에 주는 시사점은 덕의 함양과 근본을 갖춘 지식, 그리고 사회ᆞ교육적 가치의 강조이며, 이를 생활에서 실천화하는 방법을 강조한 것으로 나타났다.

MFG-E8 (Milk fat globule-epidermal growth factor VIII), also called lactadherin or BA46, SED1 is a glycoprotein found in milk and mammary epithelial cells, it is a major protein component associated with milk fat globule membrane. Previously, our study showed that expression of MFG-E8 is gradually increased with hepatic differentiation of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs). Therefore, we hypothesized that MFG-E8 would be an early cancer stem cell marker, which may predict cancer progression. Our results showed that MFG-E8 was expressed in various human cancer cell lines such as HepG2, Hep3B, and Huh7. Production and secretion of the MFG-E8 were also confirmed in the conditioned media of those three cell lines using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Next, we analyzed the MFG-E8 expression in 11 clinical cases of cholangiocellular carcinoma (CC) and 33 cases of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) by immunohistochemistry and examined the potential correlation with β-catenin and AFP, which are known cancer markers. According to hitological criteria, the progression of HCC and CC was evaluated and classified into high, low, metastatic, and well-, moderate-, poor-differentiated, respectively. Statistical analysis indicated that incidence of both HCC and CC is significantly associated with male compared to female (P<0.05). Tumor size also has positive correlation with age (r2=08948). Our immunohistochemistry data showed that MFG-E8 was expressed both HCC and CC tissue. Interestingly, the MFG-E8 expression was significantly increased with cancer progression (P<0.05) in both cases. Additionally, b-cateninexpression was increased and its localization was changed from membrane to cytoplasm and nucleus with the degree of HCC. Likely b-catenin, AFP was also increased with the degree of HCC but it was not correlated with severalty of CC. Importantly, both AFP and b-catenin were highly co-localized with MFG-E8 in HCC. These results suggest that MFG-E8 may have important physiological roles and its expression in HCC and CC would be considered as an important prognostic factor.

Hepatocytes derived from human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) may be a useful source for the treatment of diseased or injured liver. However, a low survival rate of grafted hepatocytes and immune rejection are still major obstacles to be overcome. We previously showed that secreted proteins (secretome) from hESC-derived hepatocytes had a potential therapeutic power in the tissue repair of injured liver without cell transplantation. The purpose of the present study was to discover key protein(s) in the secretome of hESC-derived hepatocytes using proteomic analysis and to study the tissue repair mechanism which may be operated by the secretomes. Purified indocyanine green+ hepatocytes derived from hESCs displayed multiple hepatic features, including expression of hepatic genes, production of albumin, and glycogen accumulation. The nano-LC/ESI-QTOF-MS analysis identified 365 proteins in the secretome of hESC-derived hepatocytes and the protein functional network analysis was conducted using the MetaCore TM from GeneGO. In addition, 20 tissue regeneration-related transcription factors (TFs) were extrapolated through further proteomic analysis. After intraperitoneal injection, the secretome significantly promoted the liver regeneration in a mouse model of acute liver injury. Protein functional network analysis on the secretome-induced regenerating liver confirmed 20 transcription factors (TFs) which were identified in the ICGhigh cells. The upreguation of these tissue repair-related TFs were validated by qPCR and western blotting on the regenerating liver tissues. These results demonstrate that application of the secretome analysis in combination with the protein functional network mapping would provide a reliable tool to discover new tissue-regenerating proteins as well as to expand our knowledge of the mechanisms of tissue regeneration.

Biological resources including proteins, cells, and tissues were confronted with both safe and stable preservation for practical use in biotechnological industry. Particularly, cell therapy for regenerative engineering is needed to restricted regulation and accurate preservation. Therefore, this study was investigated improved conditions of mesenchymal stem cells from human umbilical cord (hUCs) or aspirated adipose tissues (hATs) for clinical cell banks. Both cells were isolated according to standard operation procedure of Hurim BioCell Inc. and analyzed the inherent characteristics in passage 4. To compare the ability of experimental groups after cryopreservation, proliferation ability using calculated values and cytomorphological patterns of each experimental step were analyzed. Also proteins such as ice-binding protein or caspase inhibitor were applied to add the preservation medium of hUCs or hATs. Result of preservation solution with 20% serum was considered a positive group. Recovery rate and expansion results showed specific dosage and cell type-dependent differences in the experimental group. Chromosomal stability and multipotency of hUCs or hATs were expressed stable pattern after cryopreservation using advanced medium. As a result, these additives could be substituted for xenogenic sources in banking of hUCs or hATs.

Recently, human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are attracting attention as a useful source for regenerative therapy. Controlled production of cell therapy requires the establishment and management of an accurate isolation, characterization and monitoring for quality assurance of developing MSCs mediated. In this study, we were confirmed maintenance of potency of isolated and cultured human umbilical cord (hUC)-MSCs during ex vivo expansion or after cryopreservation. Expression of their cell specific marker was analyzed by flow cytometry and the differentiation potency was confirmed by guided differentiation of adipocyte, osteocyte, chondrocyte and hepatocyte after expanding over 15 doublings in vitro. Safe production of developing a cell therapy was proved by testing for microbial, mycoplasma, endotoxin, and adventitious agents. Also stability of cells in cultivation, preservation and/or differentiation was determined chromosomal assay. In developing using hUC-MSCs, cells showed an accurate isolation and stable expansion in ex vivo condition. The results of several management assay showed that the stem cell marker expression of CD31, CD34 and CD45 were under 10%, however CD90 was over 90% by FACS analysis. Any contamination and mutation in all tests weren't detected in specific points for safe or stable production of hMC-MSCs. Also the proliferation and differentiation potency maintains during in vitro culture and after cryopreservation of hUC-MSCs. These results could be used as standard methods of maintenance of hUC-MSCs for cell therapy products and clinical application.

Human mesenchymal stem cells are known that multipotent stromal cells have the ability to divide asymmetrically, differentiate into many tissue types, and modulate cellular fate or function. Previous reports have proved that direct or indirect effects of mesenchymal stem cells in damaged cells or tissue were able to contribute to regenerative remodeling. One of incurable diseases, vitiligo is a depigmenting skin disorder resulting from the loss of melanocytes in the epidermis. Although vitiligo is a common disorder with a frequency of 0.1~2% in population, it still remains incurable and recurrent. Up to now, various treatment methods has been available for vitiligo therapy. Especially, transplantation of melanocytes (MCs) cultured with keratinocytes (KCs) is well-known therapy in clinic. We have recently reported functional role of adipose-derived stromal cells (ASCs) could assist MCs growth and maintenance of immature MCs. Therefore, the present study investigated whether the influence of ASCs may be elevated a transplantation yield of MCs in vivo. Transplantation was accomplished by syringe injection or grafting after dermabrasion. The procedure of dermabrasion is a mechanically invasive skin planning method and may be to help settle adequate location of transplanted cells to therapy. To improve an efficacy of cell transplantation, various additives or conditions of ratio were compared in vivo. These data was concluded that mixture of MCs and ASCs in the determined condition was improved engraftments of melanocytes for patients with vitiligo.

본 연구에서는 긍정의 말과 의도가 애기장대의 발아와 생체중에 미치는 영향을 알아보았다. 매번 200개의 애기장대 종자를 4개의 묘판에 각각 50개씩 파종하였고 이를 3차례 반복 실험하였다. 10개의 긍정적인 말과 부정적인 말을 개발하여 사용하였으며, 사람의 음성과 기계음(test-to-speech software, Voice TestTM)을 통해 각각의 말을 애기장대 종자에 들려주었다. 또한 사람의 의도가 종자에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위해 실험자로 하여금 부정적인 말은 부정적인 의도를 가지고, 긍정적인 말은 긍정적인 의도를 가지고 읽게 하였다. 긍정적인 말과 부정적인 말, 그리고 의도는 발아율에 유의미한 영향을 주지 않았다. 그러나 평균 생체중 비교에서는 의도가 있는 사람의 긍정적 말이 애기장대의 생체중 증가에 유의하게 영향을 주었다. 따라서 애기장대에 긍정적인 의도를 포함하여 긍정의 말을 전달하였을 때 애기장대의 생체중에 크게 구별되는 효과가 있다는 점을 알 수 있다.

국내의 주름개선 혹은 미백 효능을 평가하기 위한 인체시험 방법은 식약청 가이드라인에 근거하여 시행되어왔으며, 인체시험에서 육안평가 및 기기평가 결과에 대해 시험군과 대조군 간의 효과를 비교하기 위해서 unpaired t-test를 주로 이용하였고, 시술 전후의 효과를 비교하기 위해서 paired t-test를 이용하였다. 설문평가 결과에 대해서는 빈도분석을 이용한 기술통계법이 이용되고 있다. 미국 및 유럽의 임상 평가기관에서도 이와유사한 시험법 및 통계분석 방법을 이용하고 있다. 그러나 동일 개체에 대하여 처치를 반복 적용하여 얻은 자료는 서로 관련성이 높아 이를 감안한 분석법을 적용해야 한다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 화장품 분야에서는 처음으로 기능성 화장품 중 주름 개선 및 미백 효능 시험의 육안평가 및 기기평가 자료에 대해 repeated measures ANCOVA (RM ANCOVA)와 repeated measures ANOVA (RM ANOVA)를 적용하여 통계 방법의 타당성 여부를 검증함으로서 현재의 인체시험 방법에 적합한 새로운 통계분석 방법을 제시하였다.

This paper presents interaction force control between a balancing robot and a human operator. The balancing robot has two wheels to generate movements on the plane. Since the balancing robot is based on position control, the robot tries to maintain a desired angle to be zero when an external force is applied. This leads to the instability of the system. Thus a hybrid force control method is employed to react the external force from the operator to guide the balancing robot to the desired position by a human operator. Therefore, when an operator applies a force to the robot, desired balancing angles should be modified to maintain stable balance. To maintain stable balance under an external force, suitable desired balancing angles are determined along with force magnitudes applied by the operator through experimental studies. Experimental studies confirm the functionality of the proposed method.

게임업계 맞춤형 인력양성사업은 2009년부터 정부가 선정 및 지원하는 계약학과를 통하여 본격적으로 진행된 바, 본 논문에서는 가천대학교의 게임프로젝트트랙을 통하여 지난 3년간 진행되었던 게임인력 양성사례 및 그 성과를 분석한 것이다. 게임프로젝트트랙은 38개의 중견 게임업체와 산학협력계약을 체결한 후 교육과정개발 및 학생선발 등을 공동으로 추진하면서 체계적인 산학협력 시스템을 구축하였으며, 특히 게임업체에서 요구하는 현장밀착형 교육을 진행하기 위하여 협력업체 대표 혹은 개발팀장이 정규교육과정에 투입되면서 실무교육의 질을 한 차원 높였다. 또한 학기 중 부족한 게임개발 시간을 확보하기 위하여 방학 중 현업개발자의 게임개발 특강 및 협력업체에서의 인턴실습 등을 통하여 학생들의 현장적응 능력을 크게 강화한 결과, 졸업생 40명 중 39명(97.5%)이 채용되고 6개(8팀)의 외부공모전을 수상하는 등의 괄목할 만한 성과를 창출함으로써 게임업계의 인재양성에 필요한 산학협력교육의 새로운 패러다임을 제시하였다.

The transplantation of bone-marrow stem cells into the heart might restore viability after myocardial infarction, and the regenerative potentials of human autologous adult stem cells with respect to myocardial regeneration and neovascularization after myocardial infarction may contribute to healing in the infarcted areas. Here, we describe the results of this method in a patient with acute myocardial infarction who exhibited quantitative improvements in ventricular geometry and contractility. Furthermore, left ventricular ejection fraction and infarct area were improved at 3 month after stem cell transplantation as compared with baseline echocardiography and myocardial single photon emission computed tomography findings.