버섯 세균갈성색무늬병원균인 Pseudomonas tolaasii에대한 독소저해균으로 보고된 Pseudomonas sp. HC1 균주의 배양적 특성과 최적 배양을 위한 대량배지를 선발하였다. CH1균주의 생육온도는 20~40oC, pH는 5.0~11.0까지넓은 범위에서 왕성한 생육을 보였다. 대량배양을 위한효율적인 영양원 선발을 위하여 기본배지에 탄소원fructose 등 18종, 무기질소원 NH4Cl 등 6종, 유기질소원peptone 등 6종 그리고 아미노산 asparagine 등 11종을 각각 1%씩 첨가하였고, 무기염류 13종을 1mM 농도로 첨가하여 각각에 대한 생육에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다.또한 선발된 각각의 영양성분들에 대한 최적 농도를 조사하기 위하여 각각의 성분을 0.1%에서 4.0%까지 배지에첨가하여 배양후 생육정도를 조사하였다. 그 결과, 대량배양을 위한 생육최적조건은 온도 20oC, pH5, 탄소원 0.9%dextrine, 유기질소원 1.5% yeast extract, 무기질소원0.5% (NH4)2HPO4, 아미노산 3.0% cysteine, 무기염류4mM FeCl3에서 왕성한 생육을 보였다.

자가면역성 췌장염이나 IgG4 연관 경화성 담관염은 간을 침범할 수 있으며 종괴의 형태를 보일 수 있는데 이런 경우 악성 병변과의 감별 진단이 매우 중요하다. 저자들은 영상 진단 검사에서 췌장염의 소견 없이 간 문맥 혈전증과 문맥 주변으로 침윤하는 소견을 보이는 종괴에서 생검을 통한 조직 검사를 통해 IgG4 연관 경화성 담관염과 연관된 염증성 병변으로 확진할 수 있었던 증례를 경험하여 문헌고찰과 함 께 보고한다.

We compare mass-loss rates of OH/IR stars obtained from radio observations with those derived from the dust radiative transfer models and IR observations. We collect radio observational data of OH maser and CO line emission sources for a sample of 1533 OH/IR stars listed in Suh & Kwon (2011). For 1259 OH maser, 76 CO(J=1-0), and 55 CO(J=2-1) emission sources, we compile data of the expansion velocity and mass-loss rate. We use a dust radiative transfer model for the dust shell to calculate the mass-loss rate as well as the IR color indices. The observed mass-loss rates are in the range predicted by the theoretical dust shell models corresponding to M = 10-8M⊙/yr - 10-4M⊙/yr. We find that the dust model using a simple mixture of amorphous silicate and amorphous Al2O3 (20% by mass) grains can explain the observations fairly well. The results indicate that the dust radiative transfer models for IR observations generally agree with the radio observations. For high mass-loss rate OH/IR stars, the mass-loss rates obtained from radio observations are underestimated compared to the mass-loss rates derived from the dust shell models. This could be because photon momentum transfer to the gas shell is not possible for the physical condition of high mass-loss rates. Alternative explanations could be the e®ects of di®erent dust-to-gas ratios and/or a superwind.

대구의 동남부지역에 위치한 망월지에서 2007년부터 2009년 사이에 일어난 두꺼비 유생의 집단폐사에 관한 연구이다. 망월지두꺼비를 대상으로 미생물학적 조직학적 검사를 시행하여 Aeromaona hydrophila를 분리해낼 수 있었다. A. hydrophila는 수계환경에 광범위하게 분포하는 기회감염균이다. 2007년~2009년 상승된 기온변화가 망월지내의 수온을 상승시킴으로서 어패류 및 양서류의 병원성 세균인 A. hydrophila의 급속한 증식이 유발되어 두꺼비유생을 감염시켜 집단폐사로 이어진 것으로 사료된다.

This writing aims to observe Korean art through keywords such as culture, art and the everydayness and its relationship with mass culture, Korean art after the 1990s and its daily world. It was during the latter part of the 1980s that the Korean society entered mass society. The Asian Games of 1986 and the Seoul Olympic Games of 1988 accelerated the internationalization of Korean society and the local political scene was approaching the political democratization through the 6ㆍ29 Declaration of 1987. Outside Korea, the Soviet Union, which represented the communism block of the world, collapsed, leading to the dismantling of the ideological confrontation between communism and capitalism. The Western postmodernism also made its way to Korea affecting the social ambience and allowing various values to coexist beyond the ideological opposition of the left and the right. The reason why I intend to take the correlation between mass culture and Korean art as the main point of Korean art after the 1990s, is that the quotidian aspect began to be reflected in art due to the emergence of mass culture and the subsequent expansion of art into daily life. This thesis examines how the mass culture and daily element is rendered in Korean art after the 1990s through three categorical points of discussion: Text/comprehension that acts as a sign, Reciprocity/relationship that involves the active intervention of the audience, and Commonness (popular vein)/anti-elitism that reflects the mass sentiment. I paid attention to what happens on the surface of society and its certain regular signs, desires and the fixed ideas in the consumption of text/comprehension, the transgressing between art and life through the process of representation by sharing it with the other, and finally, how art tries to reveal mass sentiment or show a critical consciousness of art that is considered vacant because of its utilization of discarded materials once produced by modern society in commonness (popular vein)/anti-elitism. Such tendency disintegrates the classical norm of art that divides art and life and reflects the alienated quotidian life, ultimately making us re-think our conventional ideas and modes of action. This writing is an attempt to discern the point of change in the development of the Korean contemporary art.

The inauguration of the collective Reality and Utterance (Hyŏnsil kwa Parŏn) in 1979 and 1980 marked a watershed moment in Korean art. This is not only be-cause the collective gave birth to the politically-engaged art movement that would come to be labeled “Minjung Art” by the middle of the 80s, but also because it enthusiastically embraced a wide range of images from the urban culture. With a special focus on the members’ early work, my research explores an issue largely neglected in the dominant narrative of Minjung art as a form of activism against the authoritarian Korean government during the 80s. The issue is what was at stake in Reality and Utterance’s exploration of contemporary urban visual culture. The aim of this essay is to recognize the engagement with the urban visual culture as central to the group’s early project and to consider it at some distance from the anti-urban and anti-mass culture perspective which was endorsed by the Minjung narrative. Focusing on members’ turn to urban visual culture, this essay instead argues that this turn was by no means merely a means to making art as social cri-tique, but more importantly, it was an experiment with the shared image world, as opposed to the rarefid visual vocabularies of abstract modernism. Visual produc-tions such as advertisements, billboards, posters, and kitsch paintings, which come from outside the narrow confins of fin art, were definitly ominous signs of the colonization of everyday life in the capitalist city, but at the same time they were an-ticipated to be a catalyst for redefiningKorean art in a more communicative, acces-sible, and democratized way. In this regard, in the early 1980s—in particular 1980 and 1982—the members’ gesture oscillated between critique and embrace, which allowed the group to occupy a unique domain in the realm of Korean art production.

본 연구에서는 가속된 이온이 전기장이 걸려있는 freestanding 단결정 실리콘 나노 박막에 충돌했을 때 발생하는 열-전계 전자 방출 특성을 여러 전계 및 열적 조건 아래 체계적으로 분석하였다. 이온 충돌에 의한 열-전계 전자 방출은 쇼트키 효과 (schottky effect)의 선형영역의 특성에 의해 예측된 바와 같이 전계의 세기가 증가할수록 선형적으로 증가했으며, 이온 충돌에 의해 발생하는 열에너지의 제곱에 비례하는 특성을 보여주었다. 이러한 특성들은 실리콘 나노 박막의 질량 분석기용 이온 검출기로의 사용 가능성을 보여준다.

The core ingredient of traditional Korean style soy sauce is soy bean without any wheat or rice incorporated. National brands as well as regional micro-brewed companies constitute the soy sauce market in Korea. The present study investigated the physico-chemical and sensory properties of soy sauces produced by small-scale or mass-production. Additionally, the key physico-chemical parameters sufficiently representing the critical sensory characteristics have been identified. Ten types of soy sauce brewed by the Korean traditional method were selected for the study. Among these samples, seven types were brewed in small-scales in the Gyeonggi-do region whereas the other 3 types were mass-production products of major national brands. The total solid, reducing sugar, salinity, sugar content, amino nitrogen, CIELAB, acidity, and pH of soy sauce samples were measured for the physico-chemical analysis. A generic descriptive analysis was conducted to analyze the sensory characteristics of the samples using six trained panelists. The descriptive panel developed 21 sensory attributes. The data were statistically analyzed using ANOVA, PCA and PLSR. Overall, the micro-brewed products showed significantly higher value of salinity and acidity but lower content of reducing sugar than the mass-production products. The micro-brewed soy sauces elicited stronger fermented flavor, sourness, and bitterness whereas the national brand products elicited stronger alcoholic odor, sweetness and umami taste. Sugar content, acidity, and amino nitrogen showed strong relationships with fish sauce flavor, umami taste, and rich flavor. Salinity was closely related to the overall flavor intensity.

Anti-diabetic activities of cultured mycelia from Ganoderma applanatum are being evaluated in this study. The OGTT and 4-weeks of repeated oral efficacy tests are conducted in mice at the doses of 0 (vehicle treatment), 25, 75 and 225 ㎎/㎏/day, respectively. In human study, the test article was administered orally every day for 8-week at a dose of 1,500 ㎎/㎏, tid and placebo group. The blood glucose levels (BGL) at 0.5 hour after treatment are significant decreased in all treatment groups of OGTT test. In the 4-week test, BGL of 75 and 225 ㎎/㎏/day group is continuously decreased during all treatment periods and the BGL of 25 ㎎/㎏/day group show decreasing trends at the final week, the pancreas weight of all treatment groups are being increased, and the Langerhans-islet numbers were increased at all treatment groups with a dose-response manner. There are no test article-related abnormal signs and the fasted blood glucose (FBG), postprandial blood glucose (PPG) and HbA1c are decreased significantly after 8-week treatments. These results that the cultured mycelia from Ganoderma applanatum could decrease BGL by protecting the degeneration of Langerhans islets.

소염·진통 의약품 성분인 beclomethasone, dexamethasone, prednisolone, ketoprofen, phenylbutazone 5종에 대 한 동시분석을 위해 LC-MS/MS 분석 조건 중 MRM 방식 으로 각 성분의 MS 분석 최적조건을 결정하고, 정량이온 으로 beclomethasone 409.1/391.0, dexamethasone은 393.1/ 372.9, prednisolone은 361.0/343.1, ketoprofen은 255.0/209.0, phenylbutazone은 309.1/160.1 을 분석하였다. 혼합표준용 액을 기울기용매 조건으로 이동상 A(0.1% 개미산), B(0.1% 개미산을 함유한 아세토니트릴)를 이용하여 17분 동안 분 석한 결과, prednisolone (tR: 7.34 min), dexamethasone (tR: 7.73 min), beclomethasone (tR: 7.82 min), phenylbutazone (tR: 8.31 min), ketoprofen (tR: 9.24 min) 순서로 검출되었 다. 5종 성분 모두 약 2-100 ng/mL 농도 수준의 검정곡선 에서 R2 값이 0.999 이상의 우수한 직선성을 나타내었고, prednisolone을 제외한 4종 성분의 검출한계는 0.4-0.9 ng/ mL, 정량한계는 0.81-2.22 ng/mL 였으며, prednisolone은 그보다 다소 높은 4.60, 11.46 ng/mL 이었다. 환제품의 기 타가공품 공시료에 5종 성분 혼합표준용액을 최종농도가 5, 20, 50 ng/mL 이 되도록 직접 첨가하여 분석한 결과, 모든 농도에서 80% 이상의 우수한 회수율을 얻을 수 있 었고, 일내 일간 반복 분석의 상대표준편차(%)를 통해 모 든 성분에서 비교적 재현성 있는 결과가 나타났다. 실제 인터넷 상에서 유통중인 식품에 이 분석법을 적용한 결과 모든 제품에서 검출되진 않았으나, 소비자들의 건강상 위 해를 끼칠 수 있는 이들 성분의 동시분석법을 활용한 지 속적인 모니터링이 필요한 실정이다.

The empirical mass discrepancy–acceleration (MDA) relation of disk galaxies provides a key test for models of galactic dynamics. In terms of modified laws of gravity and/or inertia, the MDA relation quantifies the transition from Newtonian to modified dynamics at low centripetal accelerations ac ≤ 10−10ms−2. As yet, neither dynamical models based on dark matter nor proposed modifications of the laws of gravity/inertia have predicted the functional form of the MDA relation. In this work, I revisit the MDA data and compare them to four different theoretical scaling laws. Three of these scaling laws are entirely empirical; the fourth one – the “simple μ” function of Modified Newtonian Dynamics – derives from a toy model of gravity based on massive gravitons (the “graviton picture”). All theoretical MDA relations comprise one free parameter of the dimension of an acceleration, Milgrom’s constant aM. I find that the “simple μ” function provides a good fit to the data free of notable systematic residuals and provides the best fit among the four scaling laws tested. The best-fit value of Milgrom’s constant is aM = (1.06 ± 0.05) × 10−10ms−2. Given the successful prediction of the functional form of the MDA relation, plus an overall agreement with the observed kinematics of stellar systems spanning eight orders of magnitude in size and 14 orders of magnitude in mass, I conclude that the “graviton picture” is sufficient (albeit probably not a necessary nor unique approach) to describe galactic dynamics on all scales well beyond the scale of the solar system. This suggests that, at least on galactic scales, gravity behaves as if it was mediated by massive particles.

Nuts are one of the most common sources of allergies in individuals of all ages. In order for a particular protein to render an allergic reaction, it must resist proteolytic digestion by intestinal enzymes. In this study, three well-known allergenic nuts, almonds, cashew nuts, and peanuts, were used as samples, and enzyme digestion with Bacillus protease and porcine pepsin was tested. A proteomic approach using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and an MS/MS analysis was applied to visualize and identify the proteins that were resistant to enzyme digestion. Among the 150 protein spots tested, 42 proteins were assigned functions. Due to the lack of genomic databases, 41% of the identified proteins were grouped as hypothetical. However, 12% of them were well-known allergens, including AraH. The remainder were grouped as storage, enzymes, and binding proteins.

알로에의 최소공정개발 연구의 일환으로 DIS(dewatering & impregnation soaking) 공정에 미치는 온도의 효과를 조사하였다. 삼투탈수는 분자량 4000의 PEG을 삼투제로 하여 이의 40%(w/v) 용액에 두께 0.5 cm의 알로에 잎 슬라이스를 넣고 간헐적으로 교반하면서 2시간 동안 수행하였다. 서로 다른 침지온도(25-55oC)가 DIS의 성능(수분소실 및 고형분 획득)에 미치는 영향을 현미경관찰에 의한 세포조직 구조의 경시변화를 모니터링하면서 조사, 비교되었고, 동역학적으로 분석하였다. 고온(55oC) 처리에서는 저온(25 and 35oC)에서보다 더 높은 수분소실을 보였으나 세포조직의 파괴를 동반하였다. 또, 품질지표값으로서의 glucomannan 함량은 세포조직구조를 잘 유지하였던 침지온도 35oC에서 얻어졌다. 얻어진 시료의 실온건조제품을 재수화시켜 조사하고 동역학적으로 해석한 결과, 재수화 동역학은 Peleg 및 Weibull 모델로 잘 설명할 수 있었다. DIS 제품은 DIS 처리하지 않은 제품에 비해 세포구조 및 재수화성질의 향상을 주어 적정온도하에서 DIS 처리함으로써 최소공정의 알로에 제품을 얻을 수 있음을 확인하였다.