본 논문에서는 과도한 계산용량이 필요한 초음속 비행체의 비정상 열응답 해석을 수행하기 위한 준-비정상해석 기법을 소개한다. 준-비정상해석 기법은 연성 연계 기법과 복합 열전달 해석기법을 통합한 방법으로 계산시간 단축시키면서 동시에 정확도를 향상시키기 위해 고안되었다. 또한 준-비정상해석 시, 해석 구간을 분할하기 위한 기준시간을 결정하는 알고리즘을 고안하여 준-비정상해석 기법의 정확도를 향상시키고자 하였다. 본 논문에서는 준-비정상해석 기법을 평가하기 위하여 가상의 비행 시나리오에서 열응답 해석을 수행하였으며, 비정상 해석 결과와 비교 검증을 수행하였다. 무딘 물체의 표면 온도 및 정체점의 온도를 통해 각각의 기법의 차이를 도출하였다. 비정상 해석을 통해 도출한 정체점의 온도와 준-비정상 해석을 통해 도출한 정체점의 온도 차이는 11.4% 이내로 높은 정확도를 확보함과 동시에 28배에 가까운 계산시간을 단축시켜 해석 기법의 효율성과 정확성을 확보하였다.

Our research is aimed at predicting recent trend and leading technology for the future and providing optimal Nano technology trend information by analyzing Nano technology trend. Under recent global market situation, Users’ needs and the technology to meet these needs are changing in real time. At this point, Nano technology also needs measures to reduce cost and enhance efficiency in order not to fall behind the times. Therefore, research like trend analysis which uses search data to satisfy both aspects is required. This research consists of four steps. We collect data and select keywords in step 1, detect trends based on frequency and create visualization in step 2, and perform analysis using data mining in step 3. This research can be used to look for changes of trend from three perspectives. This research conducted analysis on changes of trend in terms of major classification, Nano technology of 30’s, and key words which consist of relevant Nano technology. Second, it is possible to provide real-time information. Trend analysis using search data can provide information depending on the continuously changing market situation due to the real-time information which search data includes. Third, through comparative analysis it is possible to establish a useful corporate policy and strategy by apprehending the trend of the United States which has relatively advanced Nano technology. Therefore, trend analysis using search data like this research can suggest proper direction of policy which respond to market change in a real time, can be used as reference material, and can help reduce cost.

The electronic and optical characteristics of molybdenum disulphide (MoS2) film significantly vary with its thickness, and thus a rapid and accurate estimation of the number of MoS2 layers is critical in practical applications as well as in basic researches. Various existing methods are currently available for the thickness measurement, but each has drawbacks. Transmission electron microscopy allows actual counting of the MoS2 layers, but is very complicated and requires destructive processing of the sample to the point where it will no longer be useable after characterization. Atomic force microscopy, particularly when operated in the tapping mode, is likewise time-consuming and suffers from certain anomalies caused by an improperly chosen set point, that is, free amplitude in air for the cantilever. Raman spectroscopy is a quick characterization method for identifying one to a few layers, but the laser irradiation causes structural degradation of the MoS2. Optical microscopy works only when MoS2 is on a silicon substrate covered with SiO2 of 100~300 nm thickness. The last two optical methods are commonly limited in resolution to the micrometer range due to the diffraction limits of light. We report here a method of measuring the distribution of the number of MoS2 layers using a low voltage field emission electron microscope with acceleration voltages no greater than 1 kV. We found a linear relationship between the FESEM contrast and the number of MoS2 layers. This method can be used to characterize MoS2 samples at nanometer-level spatial resolution, which is below the limits of other methods.

In this study, we investigated the overpotential of precipitation related to the catalytic activity of electrodes on the initial process of electrodeposition of Co and Co-Ni alloys on polycrystalline Cu substrates. In the case of Co electrodeposition, the surface morphology and the magnetic property change depending on the film thickness, and the relationship with the electrode potential fluctuation was shown. Initially, the deposition potential(−170 mV) of the Cu electrode as a substrate was shown, the electrode potential(Edep) at the Ton of electrodeposition and the deposition potential(−600 mV) of the surface of the electrodeposited Co film after Toff and when the pulse current was completed were shown. No significant change in the electrode potential value was observed when the pulse current was energized. However, in a range of number of pulses up to 5, there was a small fluctuation in the values of Edep and Eimm. In addition, in the Co-Ni alloy electrodeposition, the deposition potential(−280 mV) of the Cu electrode as the substrate exhibited the deposition potential(−615 mV) of the electrodeposited Co-Ni alloy after pulsed current application, the Edep of electrodeposition at the Ton of each pulse and the Eimm at the Toff varied greatly each time the pulse current was applied. From 20 % to less than 90% of the Co content of the thin film was continuously changed, and the value was constant at a pulse number of 100 or more. In any case, it was found that the shape of the substrate had a great influence.

제4차 산업혁명은 정보통신기술의 융합으로 이루어지며 주로 인공지능, 로봇기술, 생명과학이 주 도하는 차세대 산업혁명이다. 주변에서 흔히 접하는 컴퓨터와 인터넷을 기반으로 하는 정보통신기 술에 지능을 더한 기술 혁명이라고 이해할 수 있다. 이 논문은 제4차 산업혁명 시대를 맞이하여 한문과에서 대비해야 할 하나의 수업 아이디어를 제안하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 이와 같은 연구 목적을 달성하기 위해 ⅰ) 삶의 패러다임 변화와 이면의 문제들을 논의해보고, 이에 따라 달라지는 미래교육 패러다임에 대해 고찰하고, ⅱ) 미래의 한문교육을 위한 수업을 구안･ 적용하여 인간 중심의 가치를 생각하고, 미래 인재가 갖추어야할 역량을 키우는 한문교육 방법을 제시하는 것을 연구 문제로 상정한다. 연구 문제 해결을 위해 택한 소재는 ‘성어’이다. 정보검색활용 수업, 토론학습, 문제해결학습, 팀 프로젝트, 자유 발표 등을 활용한 성어 수업을 통해 제4차 산업혁명을 대비할 수 있는 핵심 역량을 함양할 수 있도록 한다. 인간의 가치를 소중히 여기고, 패러다임의 변화에 따라 달라진 세상을 살아가는 데에 필요한 역 량을 함양시키기 위한 한문교육의 방향을 제시하고자 한 이 연구를 통해 미래교육의 패러다임 변화 를 예측하고 여러 가지 상황에 대처할 수 있는 역량을 키울 수 있는 한문교육이 이루어지길 기대한 다. 또한 미래의 한문교육을 위한 수업 구안･적용을 통해 미래 인재가 갖추어야할 역량 강화를 위한 한문교육 방법을 일반화할 수 있기를 기대한다. 한문과에서는 제4차 산업혁명을 맞이하여 전문적인 기술과 정보 습득보다 더 중요한 것이 무엇인지를 스스로 깨닫게 하는 한문교육, 인간의 가치를 탐 구하는 한문교육, 이러한 요소와 관련된 역량을 키울 수 있는 한문교육을 추구할 필요가 있다.

분리막을 이용한 수처리 공정은 최근 효과적인 기술로 대두되고 있다. 분리막 표면에서의 기능족들이 이온화가 이루어짐으로써, 표면에 표면전하를 가지게 되는데 분리막 표면과 수계내의 용질의 전기적 상호작용은 분리막 성능에 큰 영향을 준다. 분리막의 표면전하는 대부분 제타전위를 측정함으로써 표면전하 값을 대변해 주는 인자로 사용되어 왔지만 엄밀히 표면에서의 전하라고는 할 수 없다. 제타전위의 경우 표면에서 일정 거리 떨어진 지점인 Shere plane에서의 전기적 포텐셜이기 때문에, 분리막 표면에서의 전기적 이동현상을 이해하기에는 부족한 것이 사실이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 지난 연구에서 개발한 표면전하를 직접적정하는 기술을 이용하여 분리막의 표면전하를 측정하고 측정된 값을 기반하여 전기적 표면 특성인 pHpzc및 pKa값을 이론적으로 산정하고 분리막공정에 서의 활용성을 제시하는 것을 그 목표로 한다.

Amine functionalized polysulfone (PSf) based ultrafiltration (UF) membranes were prepared by non-solvent induction phase separation method (NIPS) with reactive PSf (matrix) and polyehtyleneimine (PEI) (additive), where PEI was reacted in dope solution to give surface modified PSf-UF membrane. Unreacted PEI might be worked as a forming agent during NIPS, however it was not much affected to the pore structures. Obtained membranes showed enhanced hydrophilic property on the membrane, which increased the water flux without loss of the rejection rate of PEO (100 K).

As ZIF materials have their unique properties such as high surface area, tunable pore structure, thermal and chemical stability, they can be used in various applications including gas separation and catalysis. For synthesis of ZIF membranes, fixing sub-micron ZIF seed particles on the support is challenging and important. In this work, ZIF-8 seed layer was synthesized by conversion synthesis of ZnO layer on support in H-mIm solution, followed by the secondary growth synthesis of ZIF-8 membranes. The parameters of conversion seeding had been investigated to control the reaction rate combining the dissolution rate of ZnO and the crystallization rate of ZIF-8. This ZIF-8 membranes showed the better coverage of seeding layer and improved gas separation properties compared with the membranes prepared by traditional dip-coating seeding method.

In membrane applications for wastewater treatment, polymeric membranes are dominant due to their processbility and low cost. To enlarge the membrane application in industrial effluent treatment, membrane materials with high mechanical and chemical tolerance should be needed. Although ceramics such as alumina would be good options for harsh environmental conditions, high cost and complex production methods hinder the application of ceramic membranes. Here, we demonstrate the preparation of cost-effective, robust alumina hollow fiber membranes (HFMs). Alumina HFMs prepared with phase inversion method followed by sintering showed narrow pore size distribution. Also, characteristics of the membrane can be easily tuned by controlling spinning and post treatment conditions.

본 연구는 열유도상분리법(thermally induced phase separation, TIPS)을 사용하여, 수처리 분리막에 적용하기 위해, 응고조의 온도 및 열용량의 변화에 따른 분리막의 모폴로지 변화를 관찰하였다. 분리막을 제조하기 위한 소재로는 기계적 물성과 내화학성이 우수한 poly(vinylidene fluoride)(PVDF)와 고분자의 분산 을 도와주는 무기염 소재인 실리카를 사용하였다. 희석제는 dioctyl phthalate (DOP), dibutyl phthalate (DBP)를 사용하였다. 다양한 응고액의 열용량 변화 및 온도에 따른 구조 변화 관찰을 위하여 SEM 이미지를 관찰하였다. 열용량이 증가하거나 응고조의 온도가 높을수록 PVDF의 결정화 속도가 느려져 큰 기공을 나타내며 열용량이 감소하거나 응고조의 온도가 낮을수록 결정화 속도가 증가 하여 작은 기공이 형성되는 것을 확인 하였다.

ZnO micro/nanocrystals with different morphologies were synthesized by thermal evaporation of various zinc source materials in an air atmosphere. Zinc acetate, zinc carbonate and zinc iodide were used as the source materials. No catalysts or substrates were used in the synthesis of the ZnO crystals. The scanning electron microscope(SEM) image showed that the morphology of ZnO crystals was strongly dependent on the source materials, which suggests that source material is one of the key factors in controlling the morphology of the obtained ZnO crystals. Tetrapods, nanogranular shaped crystals, spherical particles and crayon-shaped crystals were obtained using different source materials. The X-ray diffraction(XRD) pattern revealed that the all the ZnO crystals had hexagonal wurtzite crystalline structures. An ultraviolet emission was observed in the cathodoluminescence spectrum of the ZnO crystals prepared via thermal evaporation of Zn powder. However, a strong green emission centered at around 500 nm was observed in the cathodoluminescence spectra of the ZnO crystals prepared using zinc salts as the source materials.

In this study, we proposed a method for correcting non-compliance of the web standard in webpages based on the characteristics of sampled webpages. We collected about 70,000 webpages by using a web crawler and analyzed them by applying various statistical methods. We found that the top three most frequent types of errors and warnings consist of about 60% and 80% of the total number of errors and warnings, respectively. Based on these results, we focus on correcting four most frequent errors and warnings, and showed that the strategy corrected about 95% of these errors and warnings. In addition, we found that different types of errors and warnings are correlated in such a way that correcting one type of error or warning influences on the correction of another types.

The navy that operates a large size of weapon systems, relatively a small quantity of, in order to minimize the loss of war potential caused by the breakdown of weapon system during long-term naval area of operation assigns allowance parts such as Maintenance Float (M/F), Combat Exchange Components, Concurrent Spare Parts (CSP) and so on to each unit and makes them use the allowance parts. Among them, Combat Exchange Components is being calculated in accordance with heuristic method because there is no standardized method to calculate it differently from Maintenance Float and Concurrent Spare Parts. In this article, more systematic calculation optimization method of it is suggested by selecting the optimum Combat Exchange Components in accordance with integer programming and presenting it, comparing it with the list of Combat Exchange Components calculated by actual heuristic method.

Gd2O3:Eu3+ red phosphors were prepared by template method from crystalline cellulose impregnated by metal salt. The crystallite size and photoluminescence(PL) property of Gd2O3:Eu3+ red phosphors were controlled by varying the calcination temperature and Eu3+ mol ratio. The nano dispersion of Gd2O3:Eu3+ was also conducted with a bead mill wet process. Dependent on the time of bead milling, Gd2O3:Eu3+ nanosol of around 100 nm (median particle size : D50) was produced. As the bead milling process proceeded, the luminescent efficiency decreased due to the low crystallinity of the Gd2O3:Eu3+ nanoparticles. In spite of the low PL property of Gd2O3:Eu3+ nanosol, it was observed that the photoluminescent property was recovered after re-calcination. In addition, in the dispersed nanosol treated at 85 oC, a self assembly phenomenon between particles appeared, and the particles changed from spherical to rod-shaped. These results indicate that particle growth occurs due to mutual assembly of Gd(OH)3 particles, which is the hydration of Gd2O3 particles, in aqueous solvent at 85 oC.

An optimum route to fabricate oxide dispersion strengthened ferritic superalloy with desired microstructure was investigated. Two methods of high energy ball milling or polymeric additive solution route for developing a uniform dispersion of Y2O3 particles in Fe-Cr-Al-Ti alloy powders were compared on the basis of the resulting microstructures. Microstructural observation revealed that the crystalline size of Fe decreased with increases in milling time, to values of about 15-20 nm, and that an FeCr alloy phase was formed. SEM and TEM analyses of the alloy powders fabricated by solution route using yttrium nitrate and polyvinyl alcohol showed that the nano-sized Y-oxide particles were well distributed in the Fe based alloy powders. The prepared powders were sintered at 1000 and 1100 oC for 30 min in vacuum. The sintered specimen with heat treatment before spark plasma sintering at 1100 oC showed a more homogeneous microstructure. In the case of sintering at 1100 oC, the alloys exhibited densified microstructure and the formation of large reaction phases due to oxidation of Al.

ZnS powder was synthesized using a relatively facile and convenient glycothermal method at various reaction temperatures. ZnS was successfully synthesized at temperatures as low as 125 oC using zinc acetate and thiourea as raw materials, and diethylene glycol as the solvent. No mineralizers or precipitation processes were used in the fabrication, which suggests that the spherical ZnS powders were directly prepared in the glycothermal method. The phase composition, morphology, and optical properties of the prepared ZnS powders were characterized using XRD, FE-SEM, and UV-vis measurements. The prepared ZnS powders had a zinc blende structure and showed average primary particles with diameters of approximately 20~30 nm, calculated from the XRD peak width. All of the powders consisted of aggregated secondary powders with spherical morphology and a size of approximately 0.1~0.5 μm; these powders contained many small primary nanopowders. The as-prepared ZnS exhibited strong photo absorption in the UV region, and a red-shift in the optical absorption spectra due to the improvement in powder size and crystallinity with increasing reaction temperature. The effects of the reaction temperature on the photocatalytic properties of the ZnS powders were investigated. The photocatalytic properties of the assynthesized ZnS powders were evaluated according to the removal degree of methyl orange (MO) under UV irradiation (λ = 365 nm). It was found that the ZnS powder prepared at above 175 oC exhibited the highest photocatalytic degradation, with nearly 95 % of MO decomposed through the mediation of photo-generated hydroxyl radicals after irradiation for 60 min. These results suggest that the ZnS powders could potentially be applicable as photocatalysts for the efficient degradation of organic pollutants.

Advances in information technology, communication and network technology are radically facilitating digital convergences as the integration of human, equipment, and space in the current industry 4.0 era. In industry 4.0 environment, the vast amount of information with networked computing technology can be simultaneously accessible even in limited physical space. Two main benefit points out of these information are the convenience and efficiency in their online transactions either buying things online or selling online. Even though there exist so many benefits that information technology can create for the people doing business over the internet there is a critical problem to be answered. In spite of many such advantages, however, online transactions have many dysfunctions such as personal information leakage, account hacking, and cybercrime. Without preparing the appropriate protection methods or schema people reluctantly use the transaction or would find some other partners with enhanced information security environment. In this paper we suggested a novel selection criteria that can be used to evaluate the reliable means of authentication against the expected risks under on-going IoT based environment. Our selection criteria consists of 4 steps. The first step is services and risk identification step. The second step is evaluation of risk occurrence step. The third step includes the evaluation of the extent of damage. And the final step is the assessment of the level of risk. With the help of the above 4 step-approach people can systematically identify potential risks hiding in the online transactions and effectively avoid by taking appropriate counter actions

The study seeks to cooperate with the investigation of a fire investigation based on public-private partnership. Fire protection systems provide a wide variety of viewpoints from the perspectives of design, construction, management, maintenance, maintenance and maintenance systems at a particular point in time, construction, management, and maintenance systems. What is controversial is that there are illegal activities such as illegal activities of the Patent Office, misconduct of construction work and unreasonable construction of construction works.As a theoretical framework, the present study identified the four key elements of a successful disaster response system : responsiveness, control, professionalism, and bias.

모더니즘 작가들은 이상적이며 주관적 자아를 객관화하기 위해 인간 삶 의 원형인 신화를 자신들의 소재로 사용하려는 경향이 있다. 이들의 신화적 기법은 “역사란 과거와 현재의 대화”라는 카아(E. H. Carr)의 역사개념을 수용함으로써 현재 와 과거를 병치시킨다. 예이츠의 설화와 극시는 켈트 신화 중에서도 주로 낭만적 영웅 어쉰(Oisin)이 등장한 핀 족의 이야기(Finn Cycle)와 얼스터 전쟁 영웅 쿠훌린 (Cuchulain)을 다룬 얼스터판(Ulster Cycle)을 그의 시적 소재로 채택했다. 한편 이들 시는 켈트 영웅정신으로 민족주의를 고취시키고 나아가 낭만적 아일랜드를 만드는데 공헌 한 것으로 평가된다. 그런데 이 논문에서는 예이츠의 극시와 설화는 켈트 민족주 의와 낭만적 아일랜드 만들기라는 그 같은 공적인 대의뿐 아니라 연인 모드 곤(Maud Gonne)에 대한 사랑과 염원이라는 예이츠의 개인적 의도를 함께 반영하고 있음을 증 명해보겠다.

본 연구는 열유도 상분리법(thermally induced phase separation, TIPS)을 사용하여, 수처리 분리막에 적용하기 위 해, 응고조의 온도 및 열용량의 변화에 따른 분리막의 모폴로지 변화를 관찰하였다. 분리막을 제조하기 위한 소재로는 기계적 물성과 내화학성이 우수한 poly(vinylidene fluoride)(PVDF)와 실리카를 이용하였고, 희석제로는 dioctyl phthalate (DOP), dibutyl phthalate (DBP)를 사용하였다. 다양한 응고액의 열용량 변화에 따른 구조 변화 관찰을 위하여 SEM 이미지를 관찰하였 다. 열용량이 증가할수록 PVDF의 결정화 속도가 느려져 큰 기공을 나타내며 열용량이 작을수록 결정화 속도가 증가하여 작 은 기공이 생기는 것을 확인하였다.