The purpose of the study was to compare the satisfaction level on hospital meal size and actual intake rate of hospital foods between elderly and middle aged patients. Sixty one middle aged and one hundered thirty two elderly patients were surveyed on the foods served in the hospital-rice, soup, meat/fish, vegetable, kimchi and daily products. Compared to the middle aged patients, the more elderly thought the serving size of rice was too big(p<0.05), and those of soup, meat/fish and kimchi tended to be too big. There was no difference in the satisfaction level on the serving size of vegetable dish between two age groups. In actual intake rates of hospital meal there were no significant differences between the elderly and middle aged patients. However, the elderly male ate significantly(p<0.05) less amount of rice than the middle aged male and the elderly female ate significantly(p<0.01) less amount of meat/fish then the middle aged female. Satisfaction levels and actual intake rates were significantly correlated in all food items.

This study was carried out to compare the dietary behaviors and the nutrient intake of a middle school and a high school girls in Iksan. The subjects consisted of 132 middle school girls and 122 high school girls in Iksan. The proportion of subjects eating meals irregularly was higher in the high school girls (98.6%) than in the middle school girls(78.7%). The proportion of subjects skipping a meal also was higher in the high school girls(61.5%) than in the middle school girls(53.8%) and most of them (65.8%) skipped breakfast though they thought breakfast was the most important meal of a day (87.4%). The subjects tended to overeat at lunch (38.6%), and at dinner (55.9%). The main reasons of skipping a meal were 1. They had no time (49.3%), and 2. They had poor appetite (24.7%) Mean daily energy intake was 2198.5Kcal in the middle school girls and 2150.5Kcal in the high school girls and mean daily intake of protein, iron, vitamin B1, vitamin B2 and niacin was significantly higher (p〈0.05, p〈0.01) in the middle school girls than in the high school girls. Mean daily calcium, iron, vitamin B1, vitamin A and C intake of middle school girls were lower than those of RDA and all nutrients intake of high school girls except for phosphorus was lower than those of RDA. The index of nutritional quality (INQ) was under 1.0 for calcium, iron, vitamin A, B1 and C. Mean blood level of cholesterol, triglyceride, Hb, Hct, GOT, GPT were 170.9mg/dl, 78.9mg/dl, 13.1g/dl, 39.5%, 18.8mg/d and 15.7mg/dl, respectively.

Stroke occurs when local thrombosis, embolic particle or the rupture of blood vessele interrupts the blood floe to the brain. -estradiol 17-valerate has been reported to exert neuroprotective effects when administered before an ischemic insult. Recently, the pathophysiology of cerebral ischemia has been studied extensively in rat with various methods. In the present study, we investigates whether -estrodiol 17-valerate can protect against brain injury. RNA sample were extracted from the hippocampus of female rat, reverse-transcription in the presence of [32p] dATP. Differential gene express-ion profiles were revealed (Bone morphogenetic protein type 1A receptor, Protein disulphide isomerase, Leukemia inhibitor factor receptor, cytochrome bc- 1 complex-x core P, thiol-specific antioxidant protein). RT-PCR was used to validate the relative expression pattern obtained by the cDNA array. The precise relationship between the early expression of recovery genes and stroke is a matter of luther investigation. This Study was supported by the Korea Science and Engineering Foundation(KOSEF) through the Biohealth Products Research Center(BPRC), Inje University, Korea.

이 연구의 목적은 기존의 학생들이 가지고 있던 기존이론과 일치하지 않는 공룡의 멸종 관련 불일치자료에 대한 중학생의 반응유형을 조사, 분류하는 것이다. ‘공룡의 멸종원인’이라는 지구과학 소재를 이용해 기존이론과 불일치자료에 해당하는 자료지를 구성하였다. 불일치자료에 대한 학생들의 반응유형을 분석한 결과, 거부, 재해석, 판단불확실, 신뢰감소, 부분적 이론변화, 이론변화 등 6가지로 분류할 수 있었다. 이러한 결과는 불일치자료를 이용한 개념변화 학습에서 불일치자료의 제시로 반드시 개념변화가 이루어지는 것이 아님을 보여준다. 따라서 교사는 학생들이 불일치자료에 대해 다양한 반응을 나타낼 수 있음을 인식하고, 구체적인 교수전략을 구상하여 처치함으로써 학생들의 개념변화를 도울 수 있을 것이다.

상자형의 중간격벽은 상자형의 단면변형을 구속하고 상부플랜지에서 발생되는 하중을 양측의 웨브에 분포시키는 역할을 한다. 그러나 상자형의 내부공간이 중간격벽으로 차단될 경우 내부공간을 활용할 수 없으며 유지관리에 많은 어려움을 격게 된다. 상자형의 격벽이 개구부를 갖는 경우 개구부가 없는 경우에 비하여 어떠한 영향을 갖는지를 실험을 통하여 중간격벽의 강성으로 표현하고자 하였다

본 연구의 목적은 과학영재들의 과학 지식에 대한 과학철학적 관점을 조사하고, 토론과 읽기 활동에 따른 관점의 변화 양상을 분석하는 것이다. 이를 위해 과학영재 교육프로그램에 참가하는 중학교 2학년 10명을 연구대상으로 선정하였으며, 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 활동 전 학생들의 과학 지식에 대한 관점은 상대주의(n=2), 반증주의(n=2), 상대주의와 절충주의의 경계(n=1), 반증주의와 절충주의의 경계(n=3), 상대주의, 반증주의 및 절충주의의 경계(n=1), 귀납주의와 절충주의의 경계(n=1)에 위치하는 것으로 나타났다. 이 결과는 대부분의 학생들이 과학 지식에 대한 현대적인 과학철학적 관점을 가지고 있음을 의미한다. 둘째, 토론 및 읽기 활동이 학생들의 과학 지식에 대한 관점의 변화에 영향을 미치기는 하였지만, 일부 문항들에서 귀납주의 항목을 선택했던 학생들은 토론과 읽기 활동에도 불구하고 지속적으로 같은 응답을 유지하는 견고성을 보였다. 이는 전통적 과학철학 관점에서 현대적 과학철학 관점으로의 변화가 용이하지 않음을 시사하는 한 예이다.

The followings are criteria of the proper textbook in the age of cyber-education. First, all the contents teachers want to teach must be found in the course of doing the computer and be used through the downloading. Second, all the contents students want to learn must be found in the course of doing the computer and help students` learning. There are seven or eight Chinese Letters textbooks for the middle school students in the sixth Education Curriculum and each textbook has different contents. But it is difficult for students to study different contents of these textbooks together. So the Chinese Letters textbook for the middle school students in the age of cyber-education must be made to solve this difficulty. Also the textbook can be best if all the contents are found and used in the course of using the Internet at any time. To make the proper Chinese Letters textbook for the middle school students in the age of cyber-education, we need many other teachers` help. We hope teachers to hold their good teaching materials in common through the Internet.

This research aimed to find out menu preference for middle school students and was conducted in a form of questionnaire sampled form middle school students in 10 schools where the meal program under commission was operating in Seoul. The questionnaire was distributed from Dec. 1 to 20, 2000 and gathered menu preference of staple, soup or stew, side dishes and dessert by each meal, season, gender. Statistical data analysis was completea using the SAS package, such as average and standard deviation, frequency analysis and T-test. The results can be summarized as follows : Most of the schools provided rice for lunch, while the students preferred noodles, mandu and bread. Most of students preferd beef rib soup. Gimchi stew with clear soup was favored for breakfast and stews for lunch and dinner. Side dishes were more favored by female students, in which shows the differences between male and female students. Students preferred dessert the most with fruits(4.49). It is required that the quality of school meals should be improved through the service of various kinds of desserts.

강원도 태백시 일대에 분포하는 중기 석탄기의 만항층과 금천층은 사암과 셰일로 구성되며, 여러 매의 석회암이 협재되어 있다. 만항층과 금천층의 석회암에서는 코노돈트와 그 밖의 화석이 풍부하게 산출된다. 이 연구의 목적은 (1) 만항층과 금천층의 코노돈트 화석군을 조사하고, (2) 이를 근거로 코노돈트 생층서대를 확정하며, (3) 코노돈트 화석군과 생층서에 근거하여 만항층과 금천층의 지질시대를 보다 명확히 밝히는 데 있다. 만항층과 금천층의 석회암에서는 6속 11종의 코노돈트가 산출된다. 만항층의 석회암에서 산출되는 코노돈트는 Idiognathodus delicatus, Hindeodus minutus, Streptognathodus sp., Diplognathodus coloradoensis, N. bothrops 및 N. medexultimus이고, 이들 코노돈트에 근거하면 만항층의 코노돈트 생층서대는 Neognathodus bothrops 대로 지정될 수 있다. 만항층의 코노돈트와 Neognathodus bothrops 대에 근거하면 만항층의 지질시대는 북아메리카의 일리노이 분지에 분포하는 중기 석탄기의 아토칸조(Atokan stage)에 대비된다. 금천층 석회암에서 산출되는 코노돈트는 Idiognathodus delicatus, N. medexultimus, N. roundyi, N. dilatus, Diplognathodus edentulus, Hindeodus minutus, Streptognathodus elegantulus 및 Gondolella bella이고, 이들 코노돈트는 Neognathodus roundyi 대에서 산출되는 종들이다. EK라서 금천층의 코노돈트 생층서대는 Neognathodus roundyi 대로 지정될수있다. 이 생층서대와 금천층 코노돈트는 금천층의 지질시대가 북아메리카의 일리노이 분지에 분포하는 중기 석탄기의 더모이네시안 조(Desmoinesian stage)에 대비됨을 지시한다.