From the early 1980's, when Chinese government decided to take an Open-Policy. Chinese society faced a new turning point to be changed from traditional-society to modern-society. As a result her outstanding phenomena of civilization is to be seen in many points, like the oid styled traditional street is rapidly replaced by the modernized high-rise buildings. Like the other cities in China, Beijing(北京) also is on the step of modernization, and it's changing speed is faster time by time. In this paper, I'll discuss about Beijing's policy of reservation of Old castles(古城), some problems what they have though the procedure of China's Movement of Old Castle Reservation(古城保護運動). And through this case study, I'd like to focus on the way how we solve some problems what we have now concerning to the reservation and development of traditional cities.

Manual dextrity is frequently evaluated in rehabilitation to estimate hand function. The Box and Block Test(BBT) mearsures gross manual dextrity. The first goal of this study was to verify the test-retest reliability of the BBT for 4, 5 years old children. The second goal of this reserch was to develop normative data from 35 convenient sample of normal children. The results showed the test-retest reliability was high (Pearson product moment correlation coefficients of 0.71 to 0.82).

The purpose of this study were to evaluate and compare the balance ability at different conditions in normal 20 to 29 years old on unstable platform, KAT 2000(Breg, Inc., Vista, CA. 1994). Static and dynamic BI(balance index) were measured 3psi and 5psi surface conditions. Static tests were done on right and left leg separately, then both legs together with the feet apart 20cm with the eyes opened and closed. Dynamic tests were done on both legs together with apart 20cm with the eyes opened. A dynamic test was performed in which the subject moved platform in a circular manner to chase a moving object on a computer screen. Seventy healthy students(average 21.6 years, male, female) were tested. In this study applied the paired t-test and correlation to determine the statistical significance of result. The results were as follow: 1) The mean static balance index of the Rt leg was on 3psi surface condition with the eyes opened, and that of the Lt leg was . 2) The mean static balance index of the Rt leg was on 5psi surface condition with the eyes opened, and that of the Lt leg was . 3) The mean static and dynamic balance index of both legs were , on 3psi with the eyes opened, and , on 5psi respectively. 4) The mean static balance index of the Rt leg was on 3psi surface condition with the eyes closed, and that of the Lt leg was . 5) The mean static balance index of the Rt leg was on 5psi surface condition with the eyes closed, and that of the Lt leg was . 6) The mean static balance index of both legs was on 3psi surface condition with the eyes closed, and that of the 5psi was . 7) The balance index on 3psi surface condition was significantly higher than that of 5psi (p<0.05, p<0.01). 8) The balance index with the eyes closed was significantly higher than that of the eyes opened (p<0.05). 9) The balance index on the left leg was significantly higher than that of the right leg (p<0.05, p<0.01). 10) There was no correlation between static balance index and dynamic balance index. 11) Therewas no correlation between weight or height and balance index.

We present a study of the metallicity of the old open cluster NGC 1245 , based on the Washington CCD photometry obtained using the 0.6 m telescope at the Sobaeksan Observatory, Korea. NGC 1245 has been known to be a unique cluster among the known open clusters in the sense that the previous metallicity estimates for this cluster are much larger (by 3σ) than the value expected from the radial metallicity gradient of the old open clusters in Our galaxy. We have estimated the metallicity of the cluster red giants using the four color-color diagrams, obtaining a value for the mean metallicity of [Fe/H] = -0.04±0.05 dex. The total error including the error of the metallicity calibration, 0.15 dex, is 0.16 dex. The metallicity estimate of NGC 1245 we have obtained in this study is smaller than previous estimates, and is consistent with the radial metallicity gradient of the old open clusters, showing that the mean metallicity of NGC 1245 is not abnormally high. The reddening, distance, and age of the cluster have also been derived using the isochrones based on the convective overshooting models: the reddening E(B-V) = 0.28±0.03; the distance d = 2.5±0.2 kpc (the corresponding galactocentric distance is RGC = 10.7 kpc, and the distance from the galactic plane is z = -0.4 kpc); and the age t = 1.1±0.1 Gyrs.

We present test results of time-series CCD photometry to investigate the photometric precision of the BOAO (Bohyunsan Optical Astronomy Observatory) 1.8m telescope. A well-known field of the old open cluster M67, which includes two pulsating blue stragglers and two W UMa type binaries, was monitored for 3.5 hours on February 22, 1996. We have collected 148 V frames and 3 B frames. Photometric noises which consist mainly of photon noise and scintillation noise, were lowered down to about 1.9 mmag for stars of 10.m5 in M67 with exposure time of 20 seconds. From the C-M diagram for M67, a number of observational properties were derived; E(B-V) = 0.03, (V-Mv)o = 9.6, Age = 4 Gyr. We obtained light curves for four known variable stars and confirmed their variational characteristics. The pulsating blue stragglers show a low amplitude (about 0.01 mag) of light variation.

Hehage production, botanical composition and soil chemical characteristics were investigated Ween new pastures and old pastures during grazing seasons from May 1993 to October 1994, to find out the condition of pastures grazed by horses on Chdu. Dry matte

1. The aim of this study is to find the theoretical foundation of science education and to offer a basic materials and efficient suggestions for the 2000s Earth Science by analyzing and comparing the new curriculum amended in 1988 and the old one amended in 1981. 2. The main contents of this study is to find the problems in curriculum and to suggest the way to improve the curriculum by analyzing and comparing the new and old curriculum. 3. The problems that may appear in the new curriculum are as follows. (1) It's hard to expect the normal Earth Science Education in high school because Earth Science is designated as an optional subject in natural course. (2) It is contradictory to relation in learning to unify the Earth Science I and Biology I into Science I in new curriculum. (3) If the new curriculum goes in effect it is natural that Earth Science teachers quality should be lowered because able students will avoid entering the Department of Earth Science Education in university. 4. The suggestions to help improve the Earth Science curriculum in 2000s are as follows. (1) For the normal Earth Science Education, Earth Science should be designated as a required subject in civic science course as well as in natural course in high school. (2) The aim of Earth Science Education should be amended not to be dicipline centered curriculum but to satisfy the future society or individual's desire (3) The intergrated science should be researched profoundly and it is necessary to name Earth Science Geophysics, which is unified with physics. (4) Natural science curriculum should be amended by the committee constituted with the specialist in science education, scientists, and science teachers ; it is not proper that science curriculum be reached and discussed by an reorganization in which a few specialists in science education join.

There is the picture of four gods(四神圖) painted on the wall of old tomb of Koguryo dynasty in 4~5 century. Four gods in this picture were Symbolized by four animals, tortoise, tiger, ryong which is imaginative large Snake, and bong hwang which is also imaginative birds. Those animals wese believed at that time as protecting geities against all of the haman disaster and evils. The peoples of Kojosun dynasty carried those animal charms, and painted or graved on some where of living environment such as furniture, utensils, tools, wall, ceiling, etc. They ate those animals as food or medicine to treatment of all disieses and to get rid of evils and to gain well-being. A lot of examples in historical records were cited and interrelated to above super stitions.

These experiments were conducted to investigate the nematicidal effects of the insecticides, Mocap(O-Ethyl-S, S-dipropyl phosphorodithioate), Carbofuran(2,3-Dihydro-2,2-dimethyl benzofuranyl ethyl carbamate), Terbufos (S-tert-buthylthio methyl O,O-diethyl phosphordithioate) and their mixtures (Mocap+carbofuran, Mocap+Terbufos, Carbofuran+Terbufos) on growth of 2year-old ginseng, Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer, and the control of root-knot nematodes. There was no evidence of plant injury from insecticide treatment of ginseng, although the rate of emergence of the treated ginseng was slightly inhibited. The insecticide treatments showed no of-flavor of ginseng plant. Terbufos and Mocap provided heifer confrol of the root-knot nematodes than carbofuran alone and their mixtures. Mixtures of the insecticides showed antagonisitic effect to the root-knot nematodes.

Il-Cohin of the 24 subseasons is found to be repeated in the period ut 103, solar yeors. And that of the date in the old Chinese calendar xear is, repeating in the period of 102 solar years. It is also found that the length of lunar month is repeating in nearly 64solar years.

『황무지』에서 이스라엘 사람들이 광야에서 방황하고 고통받고 있는 것과 마찬가지로, 엘리엇의『황무지』에서도 사막과 같은 도시에서 소외 된 채 살아가는 현대인들의 삶을 묘사하고 있다. 또한, 동 시대인들에게 다가오는 세상의 종말의 위험성을 경고한다는 점에서 『호세아』에서의 선지자와 『황무지』에서의 엘리엇은 매우 닮아있다. 『황무지』에서의 이 스라엘 백성들은 하나님께 불복종하여 처벌을 받지만, 이 처벌이 이들 에 대한 영원한 저주를 의미하는 것은 아니다. 이와 유사하게, 하나님의 현존에 대해 무지한 『황무지』에서의 도시인들은 돈을 우상 숭배하고 자 신들의 성적 욕망을 만족시키기 위해 도시를 배회하지만, 각자가 엘리 엇의 선지자적인 경고를 진지하게 경청하고, 자신의 잘못을 참회하고, 예수님을 주님으로 받아들이는 한 이들을 위한 희망과 구원의 공간은 남아있다.

Chionanthus retusus has been used for landscaping and gardening trees, foods and medicines. This study was carried out to analyze the effect of fertilization on the growth performance of container seedlings (1-year-old) in C. retusus. We used multifeed 19 (MF) as a fertilizer, and measured the height, root collar diameter (RCD), biomass, seedling quality index (SQI) chlorophyll contents and chlorophyll fluorescence of the seedlings. The findings of this paper showed that the height, RCD, H/D ratio, T/R ratio and the fresh and dry weight of seedlings increased after fertilization. The moisture content of the stem and root did not show any significant difference among fertilizations, except in the case of the leaf. Production distribution such as the dry weight ratio of leaves and the stem dry weight ratio of fertilized seedlings had a higher value than that of non-treatment. SQI was the highest in MF 1,000 ㎎/L and 2,000 ㎎/L treatment. Chlorophyll contents (SPAD value) also increased with the increase in fertilization concentrations. Chlorophyll fluorescence (Fv/Fm) showed the highest value of 0.8 in MF 2,000 ㎎/L treatment.

T. S. 엘리엇은 그의 작품들에서 노인을 주요 등장인물로 하여 그들의 장애를 그려내고 있으나, 그들의 약함보다는 가치를 강조하고 있다. 그의 작품 ｢동방박사들의 여정｣, ｢시몬을 위한 노래｣, 『황무지』에서, 시 인은 노인들의 감각과 인지 능력이 떨어지더라도 이를 전(前)개성적, 몰개성적 상태로 묘사한다. 본 논문은 T. S. 엘리엇의 작품들 속에 나타난 노인들의 감각적이고 신체적인 병약함의 가치를 재평가함으로써 긍정적인 역할을 발견하고자 한다. 이러한 연구를 통해서 몰개성화의 방법으로써 장애에 대한 의미를 새롭게 평가된 가치가 사용됨을 밝혀내고자 한다. 이러한 과정을 통해서 우리는 시인이 인용한 신화, 성경, 단테의 인용문들을 해석함에 있어서 새로운 방향으로 해석하게 될 통찰력을 얻게 된다. 이런 측면에서 보면, 그의 작품에서 노인들의 모습과 장애의 기재는 연약함 자체를 표현하기보다는 객관적 상관물의 역할처럼 개성을 분리하는 창조적인 힘으로 사용된 것이다.

전후 일본의 독도 도발이 지속되는 가운데, 한국의 학자들은 영유권 공고화를 위해 다양한 분야에서 독도 연구를 전개해 왔다. 본 연구의 목적은 한국에서 동·서양의 고지도를 중심으로 이루어진 독도 연구의 성과를 고찰하고, 나아가 연구 방향을 모색하는 것이다. 연구 결과 한국 에서 독도 관련 고지도 연구는 1980년 전후의 여명기, 1980년대 후반부터 1995년까지 공백기, 1990년대 후반부터 2005년까지 관심기, 그리고 2006년 이후 현재까지 확산기라고 할 수 있다. 연구의 초기에는 독도 관련 고지도를 소개하는 거시적 연구가 주류를 이루었다면, 최근에는 주제 중심의 미시적 연구가 증가하는 편이다. 그러나 여전히 독도 관련 고지도 연구는 중복이나 유사한 연구가 많은 편이다. 향후 새로운 사료 발굴에 따른 심층적 연구와 학제적 연구를 기대해 본다.