우리나라 전통 음청류에 관한 역사적 배경을 고찰하고 8세기부터 1940년대까지의 기록으로부터 주류를 제외한 전통음료의 종류와 제조방법을 조사하였다. 옛 문헌에 기술된 음청류는 모두 70여가지로 집계되었으며 이들을 제조방법과 품질특성에 따라 순다류, 유사다류, 탕류, 장류, 숙수류, 미음류, 미식류, 식혜류, 수정과류, 화채류의 10가지로 분류하였다. 옛 문헌에서는 장(漿), 탕(湯), 청(淸), 다(茶)사이에 명확한 구분을 하고 있지 않았다. 밥을 유산균 발효시켜 물로 회석하여 만든 음료인 장(漿)은 신라, 고려시대에는 보편화된 음료로 보이나 오늘날에는 완전히 잊혀진 것으로 판단된다. 그 외의 음료는 18세기에 기술된 제조방법과 오늘의 제조방법 사이에 큰 차이를 보이지 않고 있다.

This study was carried out to understand and analyze the cooking and processing methods presented in CHE MIN YO SUL, Chinese books of husbandary was written in sixth century. This book was composed of two parts-part I is Agricultural production and part II is product-Utilization. Especially, wines and yeast(NU RUK) written in part II were studied at this study paper. Most of yeast was made of barley and wheat. These materials had been prepared as raw, steamed, and roasted state by proper ratio with kinds of yeast and then fermented as dough state. Occasionally, various kinds of soup made from cocklebur, leaves of mulberry tree, wormwood etc. put into yeast dough. Yeast doughs were shaped round and square with or without hole in the center, made in July of the lunar calendar and fermented for 3 or 4 weeks. There were 43 kinds of wines in this book. Most of them were made of all kinds of cereals grown at that time-rice, waxy rice, millet, waxy millet etc. These cereals had been steaming or cooking gruel with grain or powder state and then fermented with yeast. These wines were prepared by single or double brewing methods and the kinds of double brewing wines were more than single brewing wines by two times. There were none of wines made from fruit and distilled wines. Generally, single brewing wines were not made in Apr., Nov., Dec., of the lunar calendar and double brewing wines were not made in Aug., Oct., Nov., of the lunar calendar. And ripenning periods of wine brewing were various, from 1 day to 7 months for single brewing, from 2 days to 8 months for double brewing.

약식의 유통기간을 결정하는 중요한 품질요소인 조직감의 경화현상을 측정하는 방법을 수집하고 제조방법과 저장조건에 의한 경화속도의 변화를 조사하였다. 전통적으로 사용되는 표준 제조방법으로 만든 약식은 실온 (20˚C)에서 3일간 저장할 수 있었으며 유통 상한점에서의 경도는 multipuncture시험의 700g 하중 수준이었다. 냉장저장(5℃)에 의하여 약식의 굳는 속도는 급격히 증가하였으며 Avrami식으로 산출한 속도상수비는 1.3~3.3배 증가하였으며 수분함량이 높은 압력솥 처리구가 가장 큰 차이를 나타내었다. 물엿첨가는 약식의 경화속도를 다소 낮추는 효과를 나타내었다. 압력솥 처리에 의하여 약식은 너무 무르게 되어 기호도가 다소 떨어지나 냉장보관시에는 저장기간을 연장할 수 있는 방법으로 사료된다. 전자렌지로 조리한 약식은 대단히 높은 경도를 나타내었다. 약식의 종합적인 기호도는 조직감 기호도와 높은 정의 상관관계를 나타내며, 조직감 기호도는 multipuncture 시험의 최대 하중과 높은 부의 상관관계를 나타내어 multipuncture 시험이 약식의 품질평가 방법으로 사용될 수 있음을 확인하였다.

건시제조에 관한 기초자료로서 품종에 따른 화학성분 및 당조성의 변화와 생과 및 건시의 물성에 관하여 실험한 바 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 건조가 진행됨에 따라 가용성 tannin은 acetaldehyde, alcohol의 증가와는 반대로 급격히 감소하였으며, 이러한 변화는 경산반시와 평핵무(平核無)에서 비교적 컸다. 건조중 당조성의 변화는 sucrose가 건조초기에 급격히 감소하는 반면 glucose와 fructose는 증가하여 건시과육의 당조성은 품종에 따라서 약간 다르나 glucose와 fructose가 비슷한 함량이었으며 백분은 대부분 glucose로 구성되어 있었다. 생과와 건시의 물성을 측정해본 결과와 관능검사 결과 평핵무(平核無), 사곡시는 건시제조용 품종으로 비교적 좋았으나 장둥이, 남양수시는 건시제조용 품종으로 바람직하지 못한 것으로 나타났다.

시금치의 조리(調理), 저장(貯藏)에 있어서의 질산염 및 아질산염과 ascorbic acid의 함량변화(含量變化)를 측정(測定)하여 그들의 상호관계(相互關係)를 조사검토(調査檢討)한 결과(結果)는 다음과 같다. 데침으로해서 질산염은 감소(減少)하였으나 아질산염은 증가(增加)하였고, 조리(調理)한 것은 그 경향이 더욱 현저하였다. 실온(室溫)에 저장(貯藏)하였을 때 질산염은 36시간 후에는 급격히 감소하였으며 아질산염은 24시간 후부터 급격히 증가하였다. 냉장온도(冷藏溫度)에서 저장한 것의 질산염은 서서히 감소(減少)하였고 아질산염은 서서히 증가(增加)하였다. 질산염 및 아질산염의 상호함량관계(相互含量關係)를 보면 실온(室溫)에서는 질산염은 감소(減少)하였고 아질산염은 급격히 증가하였으며, 냉장온도(冷藏溫度)에서는 질산염은 서서히 감소하였고 아질산염도 서서히 증가하였다. 질산염 및 환원형(還元型) ascorbic acid의 함량관계(含量關係)를 본 결과(結果) 실온, 냉장온도 모두 ascorbic acid의 함량이 감소함에 따라 질산염의 함량이 감소하였으나 실온에서는 그 변화폭이 큰 데 비해 냉장온도에서는 변화폭이 적었다. 환원형(還元型) ascorbic acid 및 아질산염의 함량관계를 비교해 본 결과(結果) 실온, 냉장온도 모두 ascorbic acid의 함량이 감소함에 따라 아질산염의 함량은 증가하였다. 이는 저장기간에 따라 ascorbic acid 함량과 아질산염의 함량은 서로 다름을 알 수 있었다.

식품 압출 성형공법을 이용한 전통 식품의 가공 및 개선에 관한 국내 연구 동향을 조사 평가한 것이다. 여기에서는 특히 Extruder를 이용한 미강안정화공법, 즉석 떡 제조법, 곡류를 기질로한 젖산 발효 음료 및 탁주 제조법에 관한 연구 결과를 다루었다.

The consumption of meat processing products in was creased in Korean recently. Morever the demand of tasted meat processing products being gradual increase in general tendency, and so we expect that in the continuing of westernizing for food life and universalizing of urvanism, the demand of meat processing products. In order to improve the marketing strategies for the meat processing industries, consummeris particular behaviors were analyzed as for consummer's recognition, recognition of problem, the evaluation of substitutional proposal, the decision of purchasing intention an purchasing behavior and the evaluation of post-purchasing to the meat processing products.

Eye-tracking approach allows us to collect and analyze data for a wide range of measures of eye-movements, to relate these to language processing, and to have insight of language processing (Conklin, Pellicer-Sánchez, and Carrol, 2018). The current study aims to investigate how ESL university students process the sentences with complex noun phrases modified by relative clauses. Two types of sentences with complex noun phrases were examined: complex noun phrases modified by relative clauses located in a sentence subject (syntactic-based processing) and those located in a sentence object (semantic-based processing). In total, 32 EFL university students participated in this study. Fixation count, regression rate, first reading time, and total reading time of areas of interest were examined. The eye-tracking results showed that the participants showed significantly higher regression rates on noun 2 than noun 1 in both types of complex noun phrases. In terms of verb selection, however, the results showed contrasting aspects : noun 1(verb 1 selection) preference in syntactic-based processing whereas noun 2(verb 2 selection) preference in semantic-based processing,

This study aims to measure the relationship between corporate social responsibility (CSR) and affective commitment (ACO), normative commitment (NCO), and organizational performance in food processing enterprises (FPEs) in the Mekong River Delta, Vietnam. To test the initial model proposed in this paper, a total of 422 owners, directors and managers of FPEs were interviewed from some provinces in the Mekong River Delta. The method of exploratory factor analysis (EFA) is initially employed, then confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and structure equation modelling (SEM) are used. The results of SEM showed that higher affective commitment was correlated with normative commitment. The results showed that four aspects of CSR toward employees, customers, environment and legal are significant factors. As a result, ACO and NCO act as mediators between CSR and organizational performance. This finding provides strong evidence of the important role of CSR to support positive impacts on ACO, NCO, and orgazational performance (OP). In addition, the success of the organizational performance is also found by contributions of CSR and NCO to its changes. Although ACO does not directly affect performance, it has a positive effect on the NCO. Therefore, it is necessary to enhance the implementation of CSR to promote implementation of organizational commitments.

Due to advances in machine intelligence and increased demands for autonomous machines, the complexity of the underlying software platform is increasing at a rapid pace, overwhelming the developers with implementation details. We attempt to ease the burden that falls onto the developers by creating a graphical programming framework we named Splash. Splash is designed to provide an effective programming abstraction for autonomous machines that require stream processing. It also enables programmers to specify genuine, end-to-end timing constraints, which the Splash framework automatically monitors for violation. By utilizing the timing constraints, Splash provides three key language semantics: timing semantics, in-order delivery semantics, and rate-controlled data-driven stream processing semantics. These three semantics together collectively serve as a conceptual tool that can hide low-level details from programmers, allowing developers to focus on the main logic of their applications. In this paper, we introduce the three-language semantics in detail and explain their function in association with Splash’s language constructs. Furthermore, we present the internal workings of the Splash programming framework and validate its effectiveness via a lane keeping assist system.

콘크리트 구조물의 균열은 재료의 성질, 시공방법, 환경 및 외력, 설계 등 많은 요인으로 인해 발생한다. 균열은 구조물에 치명적인 손실을 초래할 수 있다. 따라서 콘크리트 구조물의 균열을 조사하는 것은 검사 과정 중 중요한 평가로 인지되어 지고 있다. 그러나 과거 균열을 측정 및 평가하는 방법에 대해 신뢰성을 가진 측정 방법이 없어 균열 조사에 대해 경험이 있는 특정 조사자가 육안으로 균열을 확인하였다. 이는 비용, 시간, 정확도 및 안전성 측면에서 비효율적이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 영상 처리 기법의 라플라시안 필터를 이용하여 구조물의 최대 균열 폭을 평가하는 방법을 제안하고자 하였다.

Pavement condition deteriorates due to various environmental issues. This can be seen on the pavement surface as a form of distress. A crack can be considered as a typical form of pavement distress in which it may reveal a critical condition of the road. Therefore, automatic and accurate detection of pavement crack and segmentation are crucial for pavement condition assessment and maintenance.

Background : The isoflavonoids, triterpene and polysaccharides were know as major components in Astragalus membranaceus Bunge. Especially, isoflavonoids are classified as ononin, calycosin-glucoside of glycon binding and formononetin, calycosin of aglycone binding. In this study, we performed fermentation by a lot of microorganisms which were derived foods. Methods and Results : The A. membranaceus was extracted with 50% Ethanol and it was concentrated using rotary evaporator. In order to change in isoflavonoids, we fermented the A. membranaceus extracts with microorganisms which have β-glucosidase activity. we chose 20 microorganisms using esculin agar method and three strains with the highest activity of β -glucosidase were identified by pNP assay. The extracts of A. membranaceus were fermented during 3 days in sterilized distilled water, as 1 Brix and 3 Brix. The isoflavonoids of fermented extract, respectively days 0, 1, 2 and 3, were analyzed using High Pressure Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). In addition, the fermented A. membranaceus extracts was investigated about whitening effect using tyrosinase and radical scavenging activity by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH). As a result of β-glucosidase activity by pNP assay, we selected two strains, Pediococcus pentosaceus (KACC 81017BP), Saccharomyces cerevisiae (KACC 83014BP). On the third day of fermentation of S. cerevisiae, isoflavone aglycone was the highest. The calycosin-glucoside and ononin in fermented A. membranaceus extract were reduced, calycosin and formononetin was increased compared to control. Also, we confirmed higher activity than control in tyrosinase inhibition rate on the third day of fermentation, as 78.38% and lower IC50 value of radical scavenging activity as 584.68 ㎍/㎖. Conclusion : From the above results, we may suggest that A. membranaceus aboveground parts might have useful as a safe material for functional food and pharmaceutics.

In this study, we adapted very low resolution (240x320 = 76,800 pixels) images by which it is difficult to detect cracks. An automatic crack detection technique has been studied using digital image processing technology for low resolution images of sewage pipeline. Authors have developed two algorithms to detect cracks. The third step covers an algorithm developed to find optimal threshold value, and the sixth step deals with algorithm to determine cracks. As the result, in spite of very low-resolution images, the performance of crack detection turned out to be excellent.