The rate constants of hydrolysis of N-tert-butyl-α-phenylnitrone and its derivatives have been determined by UV spectrophotometry at 25℃ and a rate equation which can be applied over a wide pH range was obtained. On the basis of rate equations derived and judging from the hydrolysis products obtained and general base and substituent effects, plausible mechanism of hydrolysis in various pH range have been proposed. Below pH 4.5, the hydrolysis was initiated by the protonation and followed by the addition of water to α-carbon. Above pH 10.0, the hydrolysis was proceeded by the addition of hydroxides ion to α-carbon. In the range of 4.5~10.0 the addition of water to nitrone was rate controlling step.

Novel type surfactants containing two long-chain hydrophobic alkyl groups and two hydrophilic sulfonate groups were successfully synthesized by reactions of ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether with long-chain fatty alcohols, after then by reactions with 1,3-propane sultone and sodium hydride under THF solvent. All these compounds, so called Gemini surfactants, were purified by thin layer chromatography and column chromatography. Their structures were identified by FT-IR and 1H-NMR.

Thin films of Eu(TTA)3(phen), which was known to show red-light emitting properties, were deposited under various deposition condition. The thickness, surface morphology, and photoluminescence(PL) were measured with α-step profiler, Atomic Force Microscopy(AFM), and PL measurement apparatus. It was found that the thickness of Eu(TTA)3(phen) film can be controlled precisely by adjusting the amounts of Eu(TTA)3(phen) in the boat. As the thickness of these films increases, the surface roughness also increases. A structure of Al/Eu(TTA)3(phen)(850a)/TPD(600a)/ITO was fabricated, Electroluminescence(EL) spectrum of which shows the peak at the wavelength of 618nm.

One of the objectives of this study were to develop a process for manufacturing activated carbons from agricultural by-products(rice shells and saw dust) and another is to measure the iodine number, ash content and removal ratio of COD. The other is to compare those values with those of commercialized activated carbons. Agricultural by-products based activated carbons were manufactured through the steam-reaction method. A rotary kiln type furnace was used for both carbonization and activation. The optimum operating temperatures for carbonization and activation were 650℃ and 900℃, respectively. For the activated carbons produced under these conditions, the iodine number was 1,127mg/g. Especially, removal efficiency of COD was 61.5% for 40mg/L of wastewater and 30% for 150mg/L of SLS(Sodium Lauryl Sulfate).

A series of long chain N-acyl amino acid type anionic surfactants were prepared by treating fatty acid chlorides with three kinds of amino acids, that is, sodium N-acyl-sarcosinates, sodium N-acyl-N-methyl-β-alaninates and sodium N-acyl-N-methyl-taurates in an alkaline solution. All prepared biodegradable surfactants were purified by thin layer chromatography and column chromatography, and identified their structures by spectral analysis.

The absorption spectra of polyamic acid containing p-methoxyazobenzene in a mixture of N, N-dimethylacetamide(DMAC) and benzene(1:1 by volume) solution was induced photoisomerization by UV and visible light irradiation. This solution is influenced on temperature according to measure by UV-Vis Spectrophotometer. Ultra thin film of polyamic acid containing p-methoxyazobenzene was prepared on the hydrophilic quartz plate by Langmuir-Blodgett(LB) method. The precursor LB film was heated in a vacuum dry oven at 120℃ in order to convert it into the LB film of polyimide. The absorption spectra of LB films were also induced photoisomerization by UV and visible light irradiation.

On contraction of the muscles, marked changes in X-ray reflections are observed, suggesting that conformational changes of contractile molecules and the movement of myosin heads during muscle contraction. The time needed to the peak tension after the onset of stimulation and the amount of peak tension depend on the number of twitch cycle. It was found that the successive twitches decreased not only the time needed to the peak tension after the onset of stimulation but also the time needed to the maximum change of the X-ray intensity. However, the difference of the time between the peak tension and the maximum intensity change(Ti-Ii) is nearly the same at any twitch. Based on these results the causes of the decrease of Ti and Ii, and physiological implication of Ti-Ii are discussed.

Chitin/chitosan be known as biodegradable natural polymer. However, commercial use of chitin has been limited due to highly resistance to chemicals and the absense of proper solvents. Therefore, we was studied that chitin was prepared by the application of Hackman's method from Protunus trituberculatus shells. And another viscosity chitosan were prepared from chitin which were deacetylated under various concentration of alkali, reaction time and temperature by the application of Mima's method. And crosslinked chitin/chitosan was preparaed from chitin/chitosan with crosslink agent followed by crosslinkage. The major parameters for chitosan manufacturing methods were found to be concentration of alkali solution, reaction time and temperature etc. The effects of these parameters on chitin, another viscosity(molecular weight) chitosan and crosslinked chitin/chitosan were investigated by various analysis apparatus.

Photoresist is defined as substance that makes chemical changes in its solubility, colouring and hardening by light energy. In this study, photosensitive photoresists of the positive type for a printing plate were studied. PF, o-, m-, p-CF resins as a matrix resin were synthesized at an identical condition. Photoresists were prepared by mixing NDS derivatives with a matrix resin at various mixing ratios. Characteristics of photoresists were studied by yield method of residual using solubility and Optical microscope was also analyzed. Prepared photoresist using NDS derivatives shows excellent photosensitivity and solubility compared with commercial product. The mixing ratio of 1:4(by mass) of NDS derivative[III] and m-CF resin shows the highest dissoultion rate among others. In addition, photoresist was obtained at this condition resulted in the superior sensitivity and contrast.

To prepare a O/W type nonionic durable softner(ANSA), synthesized 1, 3-dihexadanoyl-2, 7-dioxy-6, 8-di(2-hexadecanoyloxyethyl)-1, 3, 6, 8-tetraazacyclodecane as the main component of softner, was blended with beef tallow, anhydrous lanolin, polyoxyethylene(20) oleyl ether, sorbitan sesquioleate, and polyoxyethylene(7) stearyl ether in various compositions. Emulsion stability of ANSA was good, and the mixed HLB value was 9.8. After the treatment of ANSA to all cotton fabrics, the physical properties such as tear strength, crease recovery, and flexing abrasion resistance were measured, respectively. As a result of the measurement, ANSA was proved to be durable softner with good softness.

Poly(p-anol-formaldehyde) cinnamates(AGEFCs) were synthesized to prepare a photo-sensitive polymer which enabled to be photodimerized via 6-center reaction. The photocharacteristics of the mixture of the AGEFCs and a sensitizer after exposure to light was tested. The yield of the residual film, which was closely related to the sensitivity of the film, was affected by the degree of polymerization of the backbone resin, sensitizers and their concentration. AGEFC-3 revealed a good photosensitive effect such as about 73% yield of residual film at 128 min. of exposed time.

Lubricating softner(SOS-2) for permanent press(PP) finish was prepared by blending water, beef tallow hardened oil for improving softness, and the emulsion which was synthesized from N-hexadecanoyl-N,N'-bis(2-hexadecamidoethyl)amine as a softening component and silicone oil KF-96 as a lubricating component. The prepared SOS-2 and the PP finishing resin were applied to PP finishing cotton broad cloth and P/C gingham samples using one bath method. The properties such as tear strength, crease recovery, bending resistance test were tested. The samples treated with SOS-2 and PP finishing resin have improved properties, compared with nontreated samples, those treated only with PP finishing resin, those treated with commercial PP finishing softners and PP finishing resin.

An intracellular, soluble 1,4-benzoquinone reductase was purified from Baker's Yeast by ammonium sulfate precipitation, DEAE-Sephacel anion exchange chromatography, and Sephacryl S-200 gel filtration chromatography. 1,4-Benzoquinone reductase was achieved 123.8 fold purification from crude homogenate with a yield of 11.1%.

It is well known that the metallo-phthalocyanine(MPcs) are sensitive to toxic gaseous molecules such as NO2 and also chemically and thermally stable. Therefore, lots of MPcs have been studied for the potential chemical sensor for NO2 gas using quartz crystal microbalance or electrical conductivity. In this study, 2,3,9,10,16,17,23,24-[octa-(dodecyloxy)] copper phthalocyanine and 2,3,9,10,16,17,23,24-[octa-(octyloxy)] copper phthalocyanine were synthesized and their possibility of LB film preparation were tested. It was confirmed by using FT-IR, DSC, NMR, UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy and Elemental Analysis that CuPc derivatives were successfully synthesized. From the π-A characteristics and limiting areas of two CuPc derivatives it was found that the preparation of LB films with these CuPc derivatives is possible.

In this study, MEH-PPV was synthesized and MEH-PPV and its mixtures with PMMA were deposited on substrates with Langmuir-Blodgett(LB) technique and their photoluminescent char acteristics were investigated using UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy, and photoluminescence(PL) measurements. The surface morphology of the LB films of MEH-PPV and its mixture with PMMA were investigated using Atomic Force Microscopy(AFM). Electroluminescent devices using LB films were fabricated with Al and ITO as a top and bottom electrode, respectively, and their I-V characteristics were investigated.

Low foaming acidic degreasing agent(LFADAs) were prepared by blending sorbitol, n-octanoic acid, MJU-100A, Tetronix T-701, Na-dioctyl sulfosuccinate, Demol C, and phosphoric acid. The physical properties of LFADAs tested with aluminum specimen showed the following results ; when 3wt% LFADA-6 was performed at 70℃, the degreasing rate was 95% which is comparitively good, and the percentage of etching was 0.275% which was found to be less than that of commercialized product. When 20wt% of LFADA-6 was added at 65℃, the percentage of derusting was 92% and the good defoaming effect proved by following low foaming power tests respectively : Ross and Miles, and Ross and Clark methods.

폴리올류 비이온성 계면활성제인 sucrose monolaurate, sucrose monomyristate, sucrose monopalmitate, sucrose monostearate 그리고 sucrose monooleate와 같은 5종의 sucrose monoester 유도체들을 선택하여 묽은 수용액내에서 임계미셀 농도와 미셀화 영역을 결정하는 방법으로서 컴퓨터 프로그래밍에 의한 표면장력 곡선의 최대화를 제안하였다. 임계미셀 농도와 미셀화 영역은 몇몇 실험치를 직접 프로그램에 대입함으로써 곡선의 최대화에 의해서 이론적으로 산정할 수 있다. 이론적으로 구한 임계미셀 농도값들은 실측치와 거의 일치함을 알 수 있다.

Maxwell displacement current(MDC) measuring technique has been applied on the study of monolayers of polyamic acid containing p-cyanoazobenzene. The displacement current was generated from monolayers on the water surface by monolayer compression and expansion. Displacement current was generated when the area per molecule was about 140a2 and 100a2. Maxwell displacement currents were investigated in connection with monolayer compression cycles. It was found that the maximum of MDC appeared at the molecular area just before the initial rise of surface pressure in compression cycles.

Ultraviolet spectrophotometric investigation has been carried out on the rate constants for 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of 4-substituted-3-phenyloxadiazole derivatives with dipolarophiles such as phenyl acetylene, propiolic acid methyl ester and dimethylacetylene dicarboxylate. From there, the rate constants for 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition were determined at 80, 100 and 120℃, and the reaction rates were increased with increasing temperature. From these rate constants, the values of the thermodynamic activation parameters were obtained. Some thermodynamic activation parameters such as Eα, δH*, δS* and δG* from Arrhenius equation were also calculated for the electrophilic 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of 3-phenyloxadiazole derivatives with dipolarophiles. In order to the proposal the mechanism and reactivity of 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction, the effect of substituents having various kinds of electron withdrawing or releasing groups were examinated. Considering the effect of substituents, an electron withdrawing group attached at the 4-carbon position in 3-phenyloxadiazole derivatives decreases the reaction rate because of the lack of electron density in 3-phenyloxadiazole ring.