This study investigated student engagement by conceptualizing learning engagement and examining the inner mechanism that operates in the university English learning context. This study administered a questionnaire to 376 college students, and data analysis was conducted with SPSS 26.0 and AMOS 24.0. The findings revealed that student engagement can be conceptualized into behavioral, cognitive, affective, and interactive engagement. The results confirmed that cognitive engagement positively affected behavioral engagement, whereas affective engagement did not. Affective engagement had positive effects on both cognitive engagement and interactive engagement. Interactive engagement positively affected cognitive engagement but did not affect behavioral engagement. Further, the results showed that cognitive engagement acted as a full mediator between affective engagement and behavioral engagement, as well as between interactional engagement and behavioral engagement. The findings of this study propose implications for optimizing English teaching to facilitate student engagement and ultimately enhancing their learning satisfaction along with improving academic outcomes.

Existing reinforced concrete buildings with seismically deficient column details affect the overall behavior depending on the failure type of column. This study aims to develop and validate a machine learning-based prediction model for the column failure modes (shear, flexure-shear, and flexure failure modes). For this purpose, artificial neural network (ANN), K-nearest neighbor (KNN), decision tree (DT), and random forest (RF) models were used, considering previously collected experimental data. Using four machine learning methodologies, we developed a classification learning model that can predict the column failure modes in terms of the input variables using concrete compressive strength, steel yield strength, axial load ratio, height-to-dept aspect ratio, longitudinal reinforcement ratio, and transverse reinforcement ratio. The performance of each machine learning model was compared and verified by calculating accuracy, precision, recall, F1-Score, and ROC. Based on the performance measurements of the classification model, the RF model represents the highest average value of the classification model performance measurements among the considered learning methods, and it can conservatively predict the shear failure mode. Thus, the RF model can rapidly predict the column failure modes with simple column details.

This study investigated speaking anxiety among advanced Korean language learners in Korean Language Institution classrooms, and the strategies they used to overcome it. The study employed qualitative methodology using online interviews for data collection. The sampling technique involved purposive sampling by selecting 13 Korean learners who had completed an advanced Korean course at TOPIK Levels 5 or 6, with Level 6 being the highest. The interview questions addressed various aspects, including comparisons of speaking skills, anxiety in Korean classrooms, fear of making mistakes, concerns about classmates’ reactions, and anxiety induced by teachers. Thematic analysis was performed by generating initial codes, grouping related codes to uncover potential themes, and highlighting recurring patterns in the participants’ responses. The results revealed three factors that contribute to speaking anxiety: personal reasons, teachers’ classroom approaches, and teaching methods. Advanced learners manage anxiety through three coping strategies: preparation, positive thinking, and seeking support from peers. The study concludes with discussions on the pedagogical implications, limitations, and recommendations for future research in advanced Korean language learning classrooms.

Due to the recent increase in domestic seismic activity and the proliferation of PC structure buildings, there is a pressing need for a fundamental study to develop and revise the design criteria for Half-PC slabs. In this study, we propose criteria for determining the rigid diaphragm based on the aspect ratio of Half-PC slabs and investigate the structural effects based on the presence of chord element installation. This study concluded that Half-PC slabs with an aspect ratio of 3.0 or lower can be designed as rigid diaphragms. When chord elements are installed, it is possible to design Half-PC slabs with an aspect ratio of 4.0 or lower as rigid diaphragms. In addition, the increase in the aspect ratio of the Half-PC slab leads to a decrease in the in-plane stiffness of the structure, confirming that the reduction effect of the maximum displacement in force direction (max ) due to the increase in wall stiffness is predominantly influenced by flexibility.

본 연구목적은 고등학생의 게임중독에 미치는 부모와의 관계, 스트레 스, 주관적 행복도의 영향력을 검증하는 것이다. 연구의 대상자는 한국방 정환재단이 주관하고 연세대 사회발전연구소에서 시행한 「한국 어린이· 청소년 행복지수」의 2021년 제12차 조사의 고등학교 청소년 2,272명을 연구의 대상자로 정하였다. 고등학생의 게임중독에 미치는 독립변인들의 직접효과 및 간접효과를 확인하기 위해 SPSS 26.0 및 PROCESS Macro를 사용하였다. 첫째, 고등학생의 부모와의 관계는 스트레스에 부 적 영향, 주관적 행복도에 정적 영향, 게임중독에 부적 영향을 주는 것으 로 확인되었다. 둘째, 스트레스는 주관적 행복도에 부적 영향, 게임중독 에 정적 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 주관적 행복도는 게임중 독에 부적 영향을 주는 것이 규명되었다. 넷째, 부모와의 관계와 게임중 독 간의 관계 내에서 스트레스와 주관적 행복도는 부적인 매개효과를 보 였다. 따라서, 본 연구결과는 향후, 청소년들의 게임중독 및 과몰입을 예 방할 수 있는 교육지원 정책 마련 및 프로그램 운영에 도움이 될 것으로 기대된다.

불법·비보고·비규제 어업은 국제사회에서 인식하고 있는 가장 큰 불법 행위 중 하나이다. 전 세계적으로 어획되는 수산자원 5마리 중 1마리는 불법·비보고· 비규제 어업으로 어획된다고 추정되고 있다. 바다에서 무차별적으로 행해지는 불법·비보고·비규제 어업으로 인해 국제사회가 추구하는 지속가능한 수산업을 영위하기는 점점 더 어려워지고 있고, 이에 대해 심각한 문제의식을 느낀 국제사회는 1990년대부터 국제적으로 통용할 국제규범들을 만들기 시작하였다. 우 리나라는 해양 국제법의 헌법으로 여겨지는 유엔해양법협약부터 유엔공해어업 협정, 항만국조치협정 등의 협약을 이행하며 불법·비보고·비규제 어업으로부터 바다를 지키기 위해 노력하는 당사국이자, 지역수산기구 18개에 가입된 명실상 부한 수산 선진국이다. 그러나 2023년 발표된 불법·비보고·비규제 어업지수에서 우리나라는 9위를 기록하며 불법·비보고·비규제 어업으로부터 벗어나지 못한다 는 평가가 지배적이다. 만약 우리나라가 불법·비보고·비규제 어업국으로 재지 정되어 국제사회에서 각종 제재를 받는다면 국제사회에서의 수산 강국으로서 의 위신은 추락할 것이고, 우리나라 국가 경쟁력 또한 하락하여 대내외적으로 수산업에 큰 타격이 있을 것으로 예상된다. 따라서 이 연구에서는 국제사회가 요구하는 불법·비보고·비규제 어업의 규제 중점사항은 무엇이고, 우리나라가 시행하고 있는 규제 방안과 비교하여 문제점 과 개선할 점이 있는지 살펴볼 필요가 있다. 이러한 필요성을 바탕으로 국제사 회에서 추구하는 지속가능한 수산업을 이행하기 위해 시행하는 다양한 법적, 제도적 장치를 우리나라가 해양·수산 강국이라는 명성에 맞게 대응할 수 있도 록 법제도 개선 방안을 제시하는 것이 본 연구의 목적이다.

In the event of an emergency such as facility shutdown during process operation, the by-product gas must be urgently discharged to the vent stack to prevent leakage, fire, and explosion. At this time, the explosion drop value of the released by-product gas is calculated using ISO 10156 formula, which is 27.7 vol%. Therefore, it does not correspond to flammable gas because it is less than 13% of the explosion drop value, which is the standard for flammable gas defined by the Occupational Safety and Health Act, and since the explosion drop value is high, it can be seen that the risk of fire explosion is low even if it is discharged urgently with the vent stock. As a result of calculating the range of explosion hazard sites for hydrogen gas discharged to the Bent Stack according to KS C IEC 60079-10-1, 23 meters were calculated. Since hydrogen is lighter than air, electromechanical devices should not be installed within 23 meters of the upper portion of the Bent Stack, and if it is not possible, an explosion-proof electromechanical device suitable for type 1 of dangerous place should be installed. In addition, the height of the stack should be at least 5 meters so that the diffusion of by-product gas is facilitated in case of emergency discharge, and it should be installed so that there are no obstacles around it.

Code-compliant seismic design should be essentially applied to realize the so-called emulative performance of precast concrete (PC) lateral force-resisting systems, and this study developed simple procedures to design precast industrial buildings with intermediate precast bearing wall systems considering both the effect of seismic and blast loads. Seismic design provisions specified in ACI 318 and ASCE 7 can be directly adopted, for which the so-called 1.5S y condition is addressed in PC wall-to-wall and wall-to-base connections. Various coupling options were considered and addressed in the seismic design of wall-to-wall connections for the longitudinal and transverse design directions to secure optimized performance and better economic feasibility. On the other hand, two possible methods were adopted in blast analysis: 1) Equivalent static analysis (ESA) based on the simplified graphic method and 2) Incremental dynamic time-history analysis (IDTHA). The ESA is physically austere to use in practice for a typical industrial PC-bearing wall system. Still, it showed an overestimating trend in terms of the lateral deformation. The coupling action between precast wall segments appears to be inevitably required due to substantially large blast loads compared to seismic loads with increasing blast risk levels. Even with the coupled-precast shear walls, the design outcome obtained from the ESA method might not be entirely satisfactory to the drift criteria presented by the ASCE Blast Design Manual. This drawback can be overcome by addressing the IDTHA method, where all the design criteria were fully satisfied with precast shear walls’ non-coupling and group-coupling strength, where each individual or grouped shear fence was designed to possess 1.5S y for the seismic design.

This study explores the development of professionalism in using Educational Technology (EdTech) among Korean elementary English teachers amid the increasing integration of technology in English education. Employing the Grounded Theory methodology, the study involved in-depth interviews with nine Korean elementary English teachers experienced in using EdTech. It aims to identify their EdTech experiences, the elements constituting EdTech professionalism, and its developmental process. The study reveals that teachers’ EdTech professionalism encompasses a proactive approach towards technology, continuous professional growth based on practice and reflection, and adaptation of teaching methods in response to evolving technologies and learner needs. It highlights the importance of teachers’ self-directed approach, collaboration with other teachers, and the integration of pedagogical, content, and technological knowledge into their English teaching. The findings have implications for teacher education and the advancement of EdTech-utilized English education, suggesting new processes and directions for developing elementary English teachers’ professionalism in the rapidly evolving landscape of educational technology.

When a fire breaks out in a distribution center, it causes a lot of damage. And the most casualties are caused by Fire accidents. Therefore, training for fire prevention should be mandatory at the distribution center. Also, the contents of education should be different in room temperature warehouses and low temperature warehouses. Fire education in low-temperature warehouses should be more emphasized. This is because many fires occur in low-temperature warehouses. In this study, a study was conducted to determine the important order of training hours and contents for fire prevention education according to the type of distribution center. The importance of time and content for safety education in all types of warehouses did not differ significantly. It was first decided that safety prevention training should be conducted periodically in all types of warehouses

This study presents code-compliant seismic details by addressing dry mechanical splices for precast concrete (PC) beam-column connections in the ACI 318-19 code. To this end, critical observations of previous test results on precast beam-column connection specimens with the proposed seismic detail are briefly reported in this study, along with a typical reinforced concrete (RC) monolithic connection. On this basis, nonlinear dynamic models were developed to verify seismic responses of the PC emulative moment-resisting frame systems. As the current design code allows only the emulative design approach, this study aims at identifying the seismic performances of PC moment frame systems depending on their emulative levels, for which two extreme cases were intentionally chosen as the non-emulative (unbonded self-centering with marginal energy dissipation) and fully-emulative connection details. Their corresponding hysteresis models were set by using commercial finite element analysis software. According to the current seismic design provisions, a typical five-story building was designed as a target PC building. Subsequently, nonlinear dynamic time history analyses were performed with seven ground motions to investigate the impact of emulation level or hysteresis models (i.e., energy dissipation performance) on system responses between the emulative and non-emulative PC moment frames. The analytical results showed that both the base shear and story drift ratio were substantially reduced in the emulative system compared to that of the non-emulative one, and it indicates the importance of the code-compliant (i.e., emulative) connection details on the seismic performance of the precast building.

이 연구는 부모의 지지가 청소년들의 삶의 만족도에 미치는 영향을 알 아보고, 자아존중감의 매개효과를 중심으로 검증하는 것이 목적이다. 이 를 위해 I소재 지역의 중·고등학생 866명을 대상으로 매개효과를 분석하 였고 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 부모의 지지는 청소년의 삶의 만족에 정 적(+)인 영향을 미쳤다. 둘째, 부모의 지지는 청소년의 자아존중감에도 정적(+)인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 부모의 지지는 자아존 중감을 부분 매개하여 삶의 만족도에 영향을 미친다는 연구 결과가 나타 났다. 따라서 청소년들의 삶의 만족도를 높이기 위해서는 부모의 지지를 높이는 방안을 마련하고 청소년의 긍정적인 자아존중감 형성을 위한 다 방면의 방안이 마련되어야 할 것이다. 이를 위해 생애 삶에 따른 맞춤형 부모교육프로그램이나 공감대화법 등의 지원이 필요하다.

The design shear strength equations of RC shear walls have been developed based on their performance under in-plane (IP) loads, thereby failing to account for the potential performance degradation of shear strength when subjected to simultaneous out-of-plane (OOP) loading. Most of the previous experimental studies on RC walls have been conducted in one direction under quasi-static conditions, and due to the difficulty in experimental planning, there is a lack of research on cyclic loading and results under multi-axial loading conditions. During an earthquake, shear walls may yield earlier than their design strength or fail unexpectedly when subjected to multi-directional forces, deviating from their intended failure mode. In this paper, nonlinear analysis in finite element models was performed based on the results of cyclic loading experiments on reinforced concrete shear walls of auxiliary buildings. To investigate the reduction trend in IP shear capacity concerning the OOP load ratio, parametric analysis was conducted using the shear wall FEM. The analysis results showed that as the magnitude of the OOP load increased, the IP strength decreased, with a more significant effect observed as the size of the opening increased. Thus, the necessity to incorporate this strength reduction as a factor for the OOP load effect in the wall design strength equation should be discussed by performing various parametric studies.

This study aims to examine the public's perception of the appropriateness of metaphorical expressions used by medical professionals in medical discourse. A sample of 142 individuals were asked to evaluate the appropriateness of ten metaphorical expressions used by health-care experts. Additionally, questions were posed about the effects of using metaphors. The ten items showed variability in the degree of appropriateness, with metaphors being considered more appropriate when the target was familiar and the similarity between the source and target domains was high. Positive aspects of metaphor use by medical professionals included aiding in understanding, with respondents perceiving such professionals as kind, considerate of patients, and trustworthy. Negative aspects included difficulties in understanding when the similarity between the metaphorical targets was low, requiring lengthy and complex thought processes, and potential misunderstandings of scientific facts. Approximately 15% of respondents reported their own experiences with metaphorical expressions in medical discourse, noting that these metaphors helped them understand the illness and treatment, and induced positive behavioral changes.

The objective of this study was to conduct research and analysis using Group Focus Interview to survey the between construction site workers and managers implementing for the Severe Accident Punishment Act. Focused on measures to improve safety management effectiveness for the effectiveness of establishing a safety management system. A plan to improve the efficient safety management system was presented to 50 construction industrial managers and workers. In order to ensure the industrial accident prevention policies appropriately, it is necessary to be aware of safety obligations for workers as well as business operators. In addition, despite the existence of a commentary on the Serious Accident Punishment Act, confusion in the field still persists, so in the event of a major accidents, the obligation to take safety and health education is strengthened, and effective case education is proposed by teaching actual accident cases suitable for actual working sites. It is necessary to make all training mandatory, and it is necessary to reconsider awareness through writing a daily safety log, awareness of risk factors, etc., and writing down risk information. Above all, at the construction ordering stage, it is necessary to keep the construction safety, request corrections and supplements for problems issues that arise, and consult between the orderer and the construction company about the problems issues. Rather than having only the construction company correct or supplement the safety management plan, the contents should be shared with supervisors and workers to establish a more practical solution. Results of this study will contribute to improving the effectiveness of the serious accident and construction safety management system.

마리나업은 전 세계적으로 고용창출과 경제적 파급효과 측면에서 주요 산업으로 각광받고 있다. 이에 따라 우리나라는 마리나업 육성을 위해 다양한 정책 을 펼치고 있으나 외국적 마리나선박의 국내 유입을 위한 정책은 아직까지 미 흡한 실정이다. 외국적 마리나선박이 우리나라에 입항하기 위해서는 마리나항 만 또는 마리나시설에 입항하여야 하는데, 이러한 마리나항만 및 마리나시설 대부분은 무역항이 아닌 불개항장에 소재하고 있어 외국적 마리나선박의 국내 유입에 있어 장애요소로 작용하고 있다. 외국적 선박이 불개항장에 입항하기 위해서는 불개항장 기항 허가를 통해 기항 목적의 타당성, 선박안전확보 방안, 승선자 무단이탈 관리 방안, 해양오염 예방 방안, 국제협약에 따른 선박검사증 서의 유효성 등과 관련된 엄격한 요건을 만족해야 하기 때문이다. 이에 따라 이와 관련된 법적·제도적 정비가 시급한 실정이다. 이 논문에서는 마리나선박 의 국내 유입 활성화를 통한 우리나라 마리나업 발전을 위해 국내법 규정 완 화, 명확한 기준 확립 및 실효성 있는 안전관리 제도 마련 등 불개항장 기항 허 가 제도 개선방안을 제시한다.

The present study aimed to analyze the developmental trajectories of English achievement and exposure time through private education, utilizing univariate and multivariate latent growth curve analysis. This study used a subset of the Gyeonggi Education Panel Study data from 2012 to 2017. The results indicated consistent disparities in the growth of English achievement, depending on the student’s proficiency levels at the starting point. In particular, the early exposure to private tutoring was significantly and closely related to the initial status and the growth trajectory of English achievement. When the sample was classified by urbanicity, the findings suggested that the gap in English achievement was likely to increase over time across the two regions, with a stronger correlation with private tutoring found in urban areas. These results underscore the need for educational intervention for students in less advantageous conditions, and they provide valuable pedagogical implications for teaching English in the Korean EFL context.

The objectives of this study is to classify evacuation types, derive the characteristics of 4 types, develop and discover evacuation routes within the performance hall space, and present the statistical classification results of the evacuation classification model by classification type. To achieve this purpose, the characteristics of each evacuation type's four types are applied through a network reliability analysis method and utilized for institutional improvement and policy. This study applies for the building law, evacuation and relief safety standards when establishing a performance hall safety management plan, and reflects it in safety-related laws, safety standards, and policy systems. Statistical data by evacuation type were analyzed, and measurement characteristics were compared and analyzed by evacuation types. Evaluate the morphological similarity and reliability of evacuation types according to door width and passage length and propose the install position of evacuation guidance sign boards. The results of this study are expected to be used as basic data to provide operation strategies for safety facility evacuation information sign boards according to evacuation route classification types when taking a safety management plan. The operation strategy for the evacuation sign boards installation that integrates employee guidance and safety training is applied to the performance hall safety management plan. It will contribute to establishing an operational strategy for performance space safety when constructing performance facilities in the future.

이 연구는 창의적 교실 환경이 자기 조절학습과 학습 효능감을 매개로 학업성취도에 미치는 영향을 확인하기 위한 목적에서 수행되었다. 이를 위해 한국아동패널의 14차 조사의 원시 자료를 활용하였고, 주요 변인에 관하여 누락 응답이 없는 593개 자료를 연구 대상으로 선정하여 SPSS 26.0 및 AMOS 26.0 프로그램을 활용하여 구조 방정식 모형으로 검증하 였다. 분석 결과, 중학생의 창의적 교실 환경 인식, 자기 조절학습, 학습 효능감, 학업성취도 간에는 모두 정적으로 유의미한 상관관계가 있었다. 또 창의적 교실 환경 인식과 학업성취도의 관계를 자기 조절학습과 학습 효능감이 유의하게 매개하는 것으로 나타났다. 즉, 중학생이 수업 시 교 실 환경을 더 창의적이라 인식할수록 자기 조절학습이 촉진되며 이는 학 습 효능감을 증진함으로써 결과적으로 학업성취도가 높아지도록 만들 수 있음이 확인되었다. 이를 토대로 한국의 공교육이 중학생의 학업성취도 증진을 위해 조성해야 할 교실 환경의 중요성 및 나아가야 할 방향에 대 해 제언하였다.

The purpose of this study is to elucidate the impact of authenticity on experience value and subjective well-being among visitors who have participated in direct experiential activities in experiential fishing villages. The research method used literature research methods and empirical research methods using questionnaires, and this questionnaire was composed by determining three major variables and seven constituent factors for each variable through factor analysis and conducting prior research and preliminary surveys. The survey was conducted from February 5, 2023 to April 5, 2023 among experimental fishing villages with excellent ratings for scenery (environment), service, experience, accommodation, and food, and four villages that can experience tidal flats and manage customers online. The survey was conducted from February 5, 2023 to April 5, 2023, among experimental fishing villages with excellent ratings for scenery (environment), service, experience, accommodation, and food, and four villages that can experience tidal flats and manage customers online. The results of this study are as follows. First, the factors of authenticity in experiential fishing villages include three sub-factors: objective authenticity, constructive authenticity, and existential authenticity. The factors of experience value include two sub-factors: emotional values and functional values. Subjective well-being is derived from positive emotion and life satisfaction. Second, upon examining the importance of authenticity in experiential fishing villages, it was found that existential authenticity and objective authenticity, in that order, have a significant impact on emotional values. However, constructive authenticity did not have a significant impact on emotional values. Third, in terms of functional values, constructive authenticity, existential authenticity, and objective authenticity, in that order, had a significant impact. Fourth, experience value, in the order of emotional values and functional values, had a significant impact on positive emotion and life satisfaction of subjective well-being. Therefore, it was confirmed that the authenticity of experiential fishing villages is important as a strategy to enhance experience value and subjective well-being. Especially, considering that the majority of visitors to experiential fishing villages are family-centered (86.5%), applying marketing management strategies to develop programs that enhance existential authenticity and improve emotional values could elevate the subjective well-being of experiential visitors.