Radon is known to be one of the representative carcinogen materials, and may cause severe health damage to the human body with long-term exposure. Without proper treatment such as natural and mechanical ventilation, indoor radon concentration tends to increase as time passes. In this aspect, it is necessary to maintain indoor radon concentration below the domestic indoor air quality (IAQ) management standard by continuous monitoring. However, the number of practical devices which can detect radon concentration is scarce and most of the existing devices are very costly. Among such devices, the RS9A, a prototype of a radon detector, detects indoor radon concentration and is priced significantly lower compared to other existing radon detectors. In this paper, we investigated the RS9A for the continuous detection of indoor radon gas and compared its performance to a commercially available radon detector (RadonEye). We measured indoor radon concentrations at two separate sites by using both detectors simultaneously. The indoor radon concentrations measured by the aforementioned detectors revealed a high correlation. Therefore, the RS9A can be considered as an appropriate candidate for use as a continuous indoor radon monitoring system.

Since 1974, the urban subway has been used as a major form of public transportation in Seoul, Korea. The air quality in the subway environment depends on the introduction of air pollutants from roadway air and its generation is caused by subway operation in the tunnel. In the subway tunnel, PM10 concentration was monitored from March 8 to 15, 2018 and from March 26 to 28, 2018, and compared with concentrations that are routinely monitored at the subway concourse and the nearest roadside air quality monitoring station (RAQMS). Overall PM10 concentration at the concourse was similar to that of the RAQMS. However, PM10 concentration in the tunnel was significantly higher than those of the subway concourse and RAQMS, and showed distinct diurnal variation caused by train operation. The dominant peak concentrations were highly correlated with the number of train operations per hour. The minimum PM10 concentration was observed between 2 am to 5 am when the train was not operated. This was similar to that of the RAQMS. Although the diurnal variation of the PM10 concentration at the concourse is not significant, the overall trend is similar to that in the tunnel.

A 4-year-old, female, Maltese dog with bilateral hind limb ataxia was brought to Gyeongsang National University Animal Medical Center (GAMC). Based on the previous medical and imaging records, the patient was presumptively diagnosed with a primary brain tumor of the right temporo-occipital lobe on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in a local animal hospital. Hydroxyurea and prednisolone therapy was initiated, and the neurological signs transiently improved. Approximately 5 months after the treatment, ataxia recurred and the patient was referred to GAMC. Upon admission, MRI at the same anatomic level as in the previous MRI was performed. Results showed inflammatory brain lesions, not brain neoplastic changes. Considering this finding, the dog was tentatively diagnosed with meningoencephalitis of unknown etiology (MUE). We added oral imatinib mesylate (10 mg/kg every 24 h), and the dosage of prednisolone was increased to 1 mg/kg twice daily. Hydroxyurea was discontinued. A rapid improvement in neurological signs was observed after the initiation of imatinib mesylate treatment. Approximately 2 months after the treatment, the size of the inflammatory lesion remarkably decreased on repeat MRI. The patient had been doing well, and there were no overt neurological signs 259 days after the initiation of imatinib mesylate therapy. We describe a case of MUE in a dog that was successfully managed with imatinib mesylate.

Melia azedarach is commonly used in traditional and folk medicine in Korea and China to treat a variety of diseases including diarrheal, diabetic, rheumatic, and hypertensive disease. The aim of this study was to determine the potential prophylactic and therapeutic effects of Melia azedarach against a broad spectrum of viruses in in vitro cell culture model and the protective effect against different influenza A subtypes in BALB/c mice model. An effective dose of pre-treatment, co-treatment, and post-treatment of Melia azedarach significantly reduced the replication of coxsackievirus, herpes simplex virus, influenza A virus, enterovirus, and bovine rhinovirus in both epithelial and macrophage cell lines. Melia azedarach treatment remarkably promoted the phosphorylation of the key molecules associated with the type-1 interferon and NF-κB signaling pathways. Furthermore, it induced the secretion of type-1 interferon and pro-inflammatory cytokines and the subsequent stimulation of the antiviral state in both epithelial and macrophage cells. Interestingly, oral inoculation of an effective dose of herb extract significantly improved viral clearance in the lungs of BALB/c mice, thus exhibiting protection against several subtypes of influenza A virus. Together with our results indicate that an extracts of Melia azedarach and its components could exhibit a potential natural source of an antiviral drug candidate for a broad spectrum of viruses in animal and humans.

The standardization of the veterinary terms carried out so that Japanese or Chinese terms established in the Japanese Emperor Era modified into Korean character (Hangeul). The standardization of the terminology has been performed in veterinary medicine as well as various fields of study such as medicine, food sciences, biology, chemistry etc. The most appropriate terms were selected according to ‘the principle of establishment on veterinary medical terminology’ following a comparison between veterinary medical and medical terminology, and references with various dictionaries and specialty publications. Thereafter, the opinions of various organizations and academies on the selected terms were converged through the public hearing. The standardization of the veterinary terms has made progress, for example the publication of ‘Veterinary Anatomical Terminology (2013)’, which is Korean version of NAV/NEV. The Korean-English terms for veterinary medicine, which has contained approximately 46,900 terms, published at 2018. Veterinary terms are widely related with not only medicine and pharmacology but also with various fields of the society including livestock industry, food industry and quarantine. Therefore, the discretion should be required in the selecting appropriate Korean veterinary terms. The standardization of the veterinary terms should be progress in the regularly revision in a timely manner.

Runt related transcription factors (RUNX), a family of well-known transcription factors, play key regulatory roles in diverse biological processes, such as proliferation, differentiation, and DNA repair. Of RUNX family, RUNX3 is the least well characterized of the three family members. Nevertheless, the role of RUNX3 as a key regulator in essential biological pathways has been reported and inactivation of RUNX3 leads to a variety of disease, such as cancer, via regulation of Wnt signaling and K-ras mutations in many mammalian tissues. Recent studies using RUNX3-deficient cells and mice revealed an association with hematopoiesis and hypersensitivity to granulocytecolony stimulating factor. Nevertheless, protein dynamics associated with RUNX3 remain poorly understood. In the present study, we performed a large-scale protein study from Runx3 knockout (KO) mouse embryonic stem cells (mESC) using a stable isotope labeling by amino acids (SILAC)-based quantitative proteomics approach. The results showed that 67 proteins were significantly up and downregulated after Runx3 KO. Bioinformatic analyses that revealed that these proteins have diverse biological functions, such as substances transport and cellular structure. Thus, our results enhance our current understanding of the function of RUNX3 in mESCs and suggest potential roles for RUNX proteins in diverse diseases. Additionally, our results can be used as a database to help us understand the mechanism of action of RUNX3.

테러는 시대에 따라 진화하고 변화되고 있다. 그 시대의 과학기술, 정보통신기술, 문화를 반영하여 새로운 테러 수단을 이용하여 테러를 행한다. 그래서 시간이 갈수록 기존 테러와 다른 모습을 보이고 있어 테러의 공포감과 위험성은 날로 갈수록 높아지고 있다. 최근 변화된 테러의 양상으로 새로운 테러 주체가 등장하여 활동하고 있다. 어떠한 테러조직에 속하지 않고 스스로 학습하여 테러리스트가 된 자생적 테러리스트 즉, 외로운 늑대가 등장하였고, 국제적으로 지정되지 않은 새로운 테러단체가 활동하고 있다. 테러 공격의 대상이 국가·정부기관, 주요 중요시설 등의 하드 타겟에서 민간인 또는 민간시설, 다중운집장소를 대상으로 한 소프트 타겟으로 변화하였다. 다양한 테러 수단을 이용하여 활동하고 있다. 사이버공간을 이용하여 국가 및 민간시설을 대상으로 해킹, 전산망 마비, 바이러스 공격, 정보유출 등 사이버 테러행위와 드론을 이용하여 사람 또는 시설을 대상으로 드론 테러행위, 바이러스 등 생물무기를 이용하여 생물 테러행위를 일으키기도 하였다. 그러나 테러방지법에서는 이러한 변화된 모습을 반영하지 못하고 있으며 이를 규정하기에는 미흡한 점이 있다. 테러방지법상 테러의 개념을 테러의 대상, 목적, 행위와 수단을 제시하여 규정하고 있는데, 테러의 대상을 국가, 지방자치단체, 외국정부로만 한정하고 있어, 불특정한 다수 대상으로 한 행위는 테러에 해당되지 않는다. 테러의 주체에 대해서는 전혀 규정하고 있지 않아, 테러행위자가 명확하게 누구인지 알 수가 없다. 또 테러행위와 수단에 대해 사람, 항공기, 선박, 폭발물, 핵물질을 대상으로 각각의 행위와 수단을 나열하여 규정하고 있는데, 규정된 것 외 에 새로운 수단을 이용하여 테러를 할 경우 테러방지법상 테러행위에 해당되지 않아 테러행위가 아닌 일반 불법행위가 될 수 있다. 이러한 미흡점을 보완하고 최근 테러의 변화양상을 반영한 테러방지법 상 테러 개념을 재정의 하였다. 새로운 테러 주체의 등장과 활동을 반영 하여 자생적 테러리스트 및 새로운 테러단체를 포함할 수 있도록 테러 주체인 개인 또는 단체를 명시하였다. 테러 공격대상이 하드 타겟에서 소프트 타겟으로 변화를 반영하여 테러 대상에 불특정 다수를 포함하였다. 다양한 수단을 이용한 테러 활동을 반영하여 테러행위에 사이버 테러행위, 드론 테러행위, 생물 테러행위의 규정을 제안하였다. 앞으로도 계속해서 테러는 진화하고 변화된 모습을 보일 것이다. 어떠한 모습으로 등장할지 또 어떠한 수단을 이용하여 테러행위를 할지 아무도 예측할 수가 없다. 이러한 테러의 변화된 모습을 그때그때 테러방지 법에 반영할 수 없겠지만, 최대한 테러의 변화양상을 반영하여 테러를 예방과 대응할 수 있도록 노력해야한다.

The efficacy of standard therapeutic strategies for Helicobacter pylori infection is decreasing over time due to the emergence of drug-resistant strains. At the our previous study, we reported that the lactic acid bacterium Lactobacillus paracasei HP7 isolated from kimchi - a fermented vegetable dish widely consumed in Korea - had inhibitory effects against H. pylori in vitro and in vivo. In this study, we are aimed to investigate the synergistic effect of probiotic HP7 and the extracts of Perilla frutescens (PFE) and Glycyrrhiza glabra (GGE) to alleviate Helicobacter pylori-induced damages. H. pylori infection in KATO III cells decreased mucin gene expression over time. The reduction of mucin gene expression was significantly recovered at 6 hours when GGE, PFE, and Lactobacillus HP7 were co-treated. H. pylori infection of C57BL/6 mice was demonstrated by H. pylori-IgG concentration, and results showed significant increase in mice post-infected with H. pylori. Blood Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF)-α levels were elevated 4 weeks after H. pylori inoculation. However, the treatment of a combined mixture of HP7 including GGE and PFE induced significant decrease of TNF-α level (p<0.01) and showed significant decrease of TNF-α level as compared as the level by the positive control Glycyrrhiza glabra acetone extract (Deglycyrrhizinated Licorice, DGL) treatment (p<0.05). Additionally, the treatment of a combined mixture of HP7 including GGE and PFE decreased gastric inflammation and mucosal lesions in the stomach of H. pylori-infected mice. These results demonstrate that he treatment of a combined mixture of HP7 including GGE and PFE treatment can inhibit H. pylori growth and is thus a promising treatment for patients with gastric symptoms such as gastritis that are caused by H. pylori infection.

대한민국 영역 밖에 있는 우리 국민(넓은 의미의 재외국민)에 대한 국가의 보호‧지원과 관련된 헌법상 국가의 의무는 두 개의 중요한 축을 중심으로 논의될 수 있다. 첫째는 헌법 제2조 제2항에 근거한 재외국민보 호의무이고, 둘째는 국가의 외교적‧영사적 기본권보호의무이다. 먼저, 헌법 제2조 제2항의 재외국민보호의무의 보호대상은 본조항의 연혁적 해석 상 외국에 장기 거주하는 교민인 국민(좁은 의미의 재외국민)이다. 또한 그 보호내용은 ① 이들이 체류국에 있는 동안 국제법과 체류국의 법령에 의해 정당한 대우를 받도록 하는 외교적‧영사적 보호와 ② 외국에 생활의 근거지를 둔 이들의 특성을 고려하여 국민으로서 이들의 사회통합을 실현하고, 국내외 활동의 편익을 증진시키기 위해 베푸는 시혜적인 지원을 말한다. 다음으로, 헌법상 국가의 외교적‧영사적 기본권보호의무는 (국적 자가 영토고권이 미치지 않는 곳에 있다고 하더라도) 국적자의 기본권에 국가권력이 기속되어야 한다는 점에 근거하므로 그 보호대상은 (체류원 인이나 목적과 상관없이) 외국에 있는 모든 국민(넓은 의미의 재외국민) 이다. 또한 그 보호내용은, 국가의 영토고권이 미치지 않는 외국에서 발생한 국민의 기본권침해상황에서, 국가가 외교적‧영사적 수단을 통해 국민의 기본권을 보호해야 한다는 것이다. 한편, 헌법상 재외국민보호의무의 보호내용 중에서 외교적‧영사적 보호의 내용은 국가의 외교적‧영사적 기본권보호의무의 내용과 중복되는 측면이 있으나, 후자는 좁은 의미의 재외국민의 보호·지원에 중점이 있는 전자와는 달리 넓은 의미의 재외 국민을 직접적인 보호대상으로 하고, 그 의무위반이 기본권적 보호법익의 침해를 야기하며, 이론적으로 그 보호의무에 상응하는 주관적 공권이 도출될 수 있다는 점 등에 있어 전자와 구별된다.

이 논문은 현대 형법에 있어서 몰수 해석의 이론적 적합성을 확보하기 위해, 몰수의 본질을 몰수대상 별로 분석한 후, 이 본질론을 기초로 하여 몰수의 독립성 해석기준을 마련함을 목적으로 한다. 아울러 이 해석기준과 시대적 상황을 고려하여 현대적 의미에 부합하는 형법개정안을 제시함을 목적으로 한다. 이를 위해 이 논문에서는 유기천 형법학의 해석을 중심으로 하여, 형법 제49조 단서의 입법경과를 고찰함으로써 형법 제정과정에 나타난 입법자의 입법의사를 확인한다. 이어서 현재 몰수의 독립성에 관한 대법원 및 연구자의 해석론과 몰수의 본질론을 분석하여, 형법 제정 당시의 입법자의 의사가 현재 어떠한 모습으로 존재하며, 어떻게 적용되고 있는가를 살펴본다. 이를 통해 현재의 형법 해석론이 형법해석의 일반원칙에 부합하지 않는 부분이 없는지 확인한다. 또한 이와 같은 이론적 분석을 기초로 하여 과거 국회에 제출되었던 형법 개정안과 유기천 형법학 부록의 개정자료를 참고로 하여 형법 제49조 단서를 입법취지에 부합하는 형법개정안을 제시한다. 마지막으로 이 논문이 우리 입법자가 외국 입법례를 단순 번역하여 도입하려는 기존의 입법태도에서 벗어나 우리 법제를 기초로 한 해석을 통해 우리의 현실에 맞는 입법을 하는데 도움이 되었으면 한다.

사회복지국가가 보편화된 오늘날 폭발적으로 증가한 입법수요와 국가 과제의 증대로 인해 모든 입법사항을 법률에 빠짐없이 완전하게 규정한다는 것은 불가능하게 되었다. 그리하여 법률은 국가공동체와 그 구성원인 국민에게 기본적이고 본질적인 사항을 규정하고 세부적이고 전문적· 기술적 사항의 정립은 행정입법에 위탁하게 되었다. 우리 헌법도 이러한 경향을 반영하여 헌법 제75조와 제95조에서 행정입법인 위임명령의 근거를 마련하고 있다. 법률과 위임명령은 결합하여 대외적 구속력을 가진다는 점에서 법률과 위임명령은 모두 헌법상 요건을 충족하여야 한다. 법률은 위임명령에 포괄적 위임을 해서는 아니 되며 위임명령은 수권 법률의 수권 범위 내에서 수권 법률의 목적, 취지 등을 위반하여서는 아니된다. 문재인 정부 출범 이후 법률의 제·개정보다는 행정입법의 제·개정을 통하는 방식으로 특정 정책을 시행하는 사례가 증가하고 있는데 전기사 업법 시행령 개정안이 대표적인 사례라 할 수 있다. 전기사업법 시행령 개정안은 모법인 전기사업법의 수권 범위를 넘어서 새로운 입법사항을 제정한 것으로 평가되므로 위헌·위법으로 무효라 할 수 있다. 이처럼 헌법상 요건을 충족하지 못한 위임명령이 제정되고 있는 행정 현실은 법치행정과 권력분립의 원칙 관점에서 큰 문제라 할 것이다. 위임명령이 헌법상 요건을 충족하지 않고 제정되는 것을 방지하기 위해서는 사전적 통제방법으로서의 법제처의 심사와 사후적 통제방법으로서의 국회법 제 98조의2에 따른 국회의 행정입법 통제권이 제대로 원활하게 작동되어야 한다.

The relationship between the precipitation of secondary phase and the thermal properties of Al-4.5%Cu alloy (in wt.%) after various heat treatments has been studied. Solid solution treatment of alloy was performed at 808 K for 6 hours, followed by warm water quenching; then, the samples were aged in air at 473 K for different times. The thermal diffusivity of the Al-4.5%Cu alloy changed with the heat treatment conditions of the alloy at temperatures below 523 K. The as-quenched specimen had the lowest thermal diffusivity, and as the artificial aging time increased, the thermal diffusivity of the specimen increased in the temperature range between 298 and 523 K. For the specimen aged for five hours, the thermal conductivity was 12% higher than that of the as-quenched specimens at 298 K. It is confirmed that the thermal diffusivity and thermal conductivity of the Al-4.5%Cu alloy significantly depend on their thermal history at temperatures below 523 K. The precipitation and dissolution of the Al2Cu phase were confirmed via DSC for the alloys, and the formation of coefficient of thermal expansion peaks in TMA was caused by precipitation. The precipitation of supersaturated solid solution of Al-4.5%Cu alloys had an additional linear expansion of ≈ 0.05 % at 643 K during thermal expansion measurement.

The performance characteristics of a lead acid battery are investigated with the content of Sodium Perborate Tetrahydrate (SPT, NaBO3·4H2O) in a positive plate active material. SPT, which reacts with water to form hydrogen peroxide, is applied as an additive in the positive plate active material to increase adhesion between the substrate (positive plate) and the active material; this phenomenon is caused by a chemical reaction on the surface of substrate. A positive plate with the increasing content of SPT is prepared to compare its properties. It is confirmed that the oxide layer increases at the interface between the substrate and the active material with increasing content of SPT; this is proven to be an oxide layer through EDS analysis. Battery performance is confirmed: when SPT content is 2.0 wt%, the charging acceptance and high rate discharge properties are improved. In addition, the lifetime performance according to the Standard of Battery Association of Japan (SBA) S0101 test is improved with increasing content of SPT.

A transparent quantum dot (QD)-based light-emitting diode (LED) with silver nanowire (Ag NW) and indium-tin oxide (ITO) hybrid electrode is demonstrated. The device consists of an Ag NW-ITO hybrid cathode (-), zinc oxide, poly (9- vinylcarbazole) (PVK), CdSe/CdZnS QD, tungsten trioxide, and ITO anode (+). The device shows pure green-color emission peaking at 548 nm, with a narrow spectral half width of 43 nm. Devices with hybrid cathodes show better performances, including higher luminance with higher current density, and lower threshold voltage of 5 V, compared with the reference device with a pure Ag NW cathode. It is worth noting that our transparent device with hybrid cathode exhibits a lifetime 9,300 seconds longer than that of a device with Ag NW cathode. This is the reason that the ITO overlayer can protect against oxidization of Ag NW, and the Ag NW underlayer can reduce the junction resistance and spread the current efficiently. The hybrid cathode for our transparent QD LED can applicable to other quantum structure-based optical devices.

Lu3Al5-xGaxO12:Ce3+,Cr3+ powders are prepared using a solid-state reaction method. To determine the crystal structure, Rietveld refinement is performed. The results indicate that Ga3+ ions preferentially occupied tetrahedral rather than octahedral sites. The lattice constant linearly increases, obeying Vegard’s law, despite the strong preference of Ga3+ for the tetrahedral sites. Increasing x led to a blue-shift of the Ce3+ emission band in the green region and a change in the emission intensity. Persistent luminescence is observed from the powders prepared with x = 2–3, occurring through a trapping and detrapping process between Ce3+ and Cr3+ ions. The longest persistent luminescence is achieved for x = 2; its lifetime is at least 30 min. The findings are explained using crystal structure refinement, crystal field splitting, optical band gap, and electron trapping mechanism.

SrMoO4:RE3+ (RE=Dy, Sm, Tb, Eu, Dy/Sm) phosphors are prepared by co-precipitation method. The effects of the type and the molar ratio of activator ions on the structural, morphological, and optical properties of the phosphor particles are investigated. X-ray diffraction data reveal that all the phosphors have a tetragonal system with a main (112) diffraction peak. The emission spectra of the SrMoO4 phosphors doped with several activator ions indicate different multicolor emissions: strong yellow-emitting light at 573 nm for Dy3+, red light at 643 nm for Sm3+, green light at 545 nm for Tb3+, and reddish orange light at 614 nm for Eu3+ activator ions. The Dy3+ singly-doped SrMoO4 phosphor shows two dominant emission peaks at 479 and 573 nm corresponding to the 4F9/2→6H15/2 magnetic dipole transition and 4F9/2→6H13/2 electric dipole transition, respectively. For Dy3+ and Sm3+ doubly-doped SrMoO4 phosphors, two kinds of emission peaks are observed. The two emission peaks at 479 and 573 nm are attributed to 4F9/2→6H15/2 and 4F9/2→6H13/2 transitions of Dy3+ and two emission bands centered at 599 and 643 nm are ascribed to 4G5/2→6H7/2 and 4G5/2→6H9/2 transitions of Sm3+. As the concentration of Sm3+ increases from 1 to 5 mol%, the intensities of the emission bands of Dy3+ gradually decrease; those of Sm3+ slowly increase and reach maxima at 5 mol% of Sm3+ ions, and then rapidly decrease with increasing molar ratio of Sm3+ ions due to the concentration quenching effect. Fluorescent security inks based on as-prepared phosphors are synthesized and designed to demonstrate an anticounterfeiting application.

In the present investigation we show the effect of Al doping on the length, size, shape, morphology, and sensing property of ZnO nanorods. Effect of Al doping ultimately leads to tuning of electrical and optical properties of ZnO nanorods. Undoped and Al-doped well aligned ZnO nanorods are grown on sputtered ZnO/SiO2/Si (100) pre-grown seed layer substrates by hydrothermal method. The molar ratio of dopant (aluminium nitrate) in the solution, [Al/Zn], is varied from 0.1 % to 3 %. To extract structural and microstructural information we employ field emission scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction techniques. The prepared ZnO nanorods show preferred orientation of ZnO <0001> and are well aligned vertically. The effects of Al doping on the electrical and optical properties are observed by Hall measurement and photoluminescence spectroscopy, respectively, at room temperature. We observe that the diameter and resistivity of the nanorods reach their lowest levels, the carrier concentration becomes high, and emission peak tends to approach the band edge emission of ZnO around 0.5% of Al doping. Sensing behavior of the grown ZnO nanorod samples is tested for H2 gas. The 0.5 mol% Al-doped sample shows highest sensitivity values of ~ 60 % at 250 ˚C and ~ 50 % at 220 ˚C.

We propose a novel stripping solution containing acids (HCl and HNO3), an oxidant [(NH4)2S2O8], and complexing agents (NaCl and citric acid) to remove surface passivation layers from 14K gold alloys fabricated using an investment casting process. The optimized solution employing only HCl acid is determined by varying molar fractions of HCl and HNO3 on 14K yellow gold samples. Stripping properties are also identified for red and white gold alloy samples under the optimized stripping conditions. The removal of passivation layers, weight loss, and microstructure evolution are characterized using Raman spectroscopy, a precision scale, and optical microscopy. The proposed stripping solution effectively removes passivation layers more rapidly than conventional cyanide stripping. Weight loss increases linearly for up to 5 min for all 14K gold alloys. Red gold exhibits the greatest weight loss, followed by yellow gold and white gold. The results of microstructural analysis reveal that the conformal stripping occurs according to time. These results imply that the proposed oxidative chloride stripping might replace conventional cyanide stripping.

In this paper, AgCl/Ag3PO4/diatomite photocatalyst is successfully synthesized by microemulsion method and anion in situ substitution method. X-ray diffraction (XRD), photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis) are used to study the structural and physicochemical characteristics of the AgCl/Ag3PO4/diatomite composite. Using rhodamine B (RhB) as a simulated pollutant, the photocatalytic activity and stability of the AgCl/Ag3PO4/diatomite composite under visible light are evaluated. In the AgCl/Ag3PO4/diatomite visible light system, RhB is nearly 100 % degraded within 15 minutes. And, after five cycles of operation, the photocatalytic activity of AgCl/Ag3PO4/diatomite remains at 95 % of the original level, much higher than that of pure Ag3PO4 (40 %). In addition, the mechanism of enhanced catalytic performance is discussed. The high photocatalytic performance of AgCl/Ag3PO4/diatomite composites can be attributed to the synergistic effect of Ag3PO4, diatomite and AgCl nanoparticles. Free radical trapping experiments are used to show that holes and oxygen are the main active species. This material can quickly react with dye molecules adsorbed on the surface of diatomite to degrade RhB dye to CO2 and H2O. Even more remarkably, AgCl/Ag3PO4/diatomite can maintain above 95 % photo-degradation activity after five cycles.

Esophageal cancer is a representative cancer that occur physical deterioration but, physical problems after surgery were not well reported. The purpose of this study is to report on the long thoracic neuropathy after surgery, and to identify the symptoms and effects of physical therapy after esophageal cancer surgery. This is a case of a 61-year-old man who showed winging of the scapula with long thoracic nerve injury on the results of electromyography after an esophageal cancer surgery. Physical therapy programs were implemented 8 sessions during hospitalization. The quality of life, fatigue, shoulder range of motion (ROM), numeric rating scale (NRS), 6-minute walk test, and 30-second chair stand test were assessed. The quality of life, fatigue, shoulder ROM, NRS (pain), 6-minute walk test, and 30-second chair stand test were improved. However, the esophageal-specific symptom was not different after physical therapy program. As esophageal cancer suffers from physical difficulties after surgery, physical therapy programs are thought to be helpful.