We have studied the nonlinear evolution of a magnetized disk of isothermal gas, which is sustained by its self-gravity. Our objective is to investigate how the Jeans, Parker, and convective instabilities compete with each other in structuring/de-structuring large scale condensations in such disk. The Poisson equation for the self-gravity has been solved with a fourth-order accurate Fourier method along with the Green function, and the MHD part has been handled by an isothermal TVD code. When large wavelength perturbations are applied, the combined action of the Jeans and Parker instabilities suppresses the development of the convection and forms a dense core of prolate shape in the mid-plane. Peripheral structures around it are filamentary. The low density filaments connect the dense core to the diffuse upper region. On the other hand, when small wavelength perturbations are applied, the disk develops into an equilibrium state which is reminiscent of the Mouschovias's 2-D non-linear equilibrium of the classical Parker instability under an externally given gravity.

배추좀나방과 담배거세미나방 유충에 대한 30종 한방 식물체 메탄올 조추출몰의 살충활성 및 섭식 저해활성을 잎침지법을 이용하여 5,000ppm으로 검정하였다. 황련의 추출물은배추좀나방에 대해 살충작용을 보였다. 길경, 사삼, 세신, 오배자 및 자초의 추출물은 배추좀나방 유충에 대해, 목통 및 속새의 추출물은 담배거세미나방 유충에 대한 강한 섭식저해활성을 보였으나, 오배자와 황련의 추출물은 이들 나비목 유충 모두에 강한 섭식저해활성을 나타내었다.

벼를 가해하는 4종의 멸구매미충 즉 애멸구, 끝동 매미충, 벼멸구 및 흰등멸구의 경제적 중요성에 대한 지역적 차이를 수원과 남부 그리고 남서 해안지역에서 수행한 개체군의 밀도조사를 토대로 분석 검토하였다. 한국에서 년중 볼 수 있는 애멸구와 끝동 매미충의 경제적 중요성은 중부지방이 덜한 것으로 보인다. 이는 겨울의 추운 기후조건, 벼, 보리의 경작 방법 및 거미류 같은 천직에 의해서 지연 치사작용이 효과적으로 일어나는 때문인 것으로 믿어진바. 그러나 남부지방에서는 겨울이 덜 춥고 벼, 보리의 경작방법이 이 두 해충의 생활환과 기주식물의 계절적 변천 양자의 재일성에 유리한 편이어서 이들의 경제적 중요성은 확실히 크다고 하겠다. 한국에서 원동을 하지 못하는 벼멸구와 흰등멸구의 매년 첫 발생개체군은 동지나해를 건너 원거리를 이동해 오는 것들에 기인된다. 이들의 이동과 관련을 갖고 있는 기상요소로 해서 이동되어오는 벼멸구와 흰등멸구의 양은 중부지방보다 남부지방에서 월등히 많다. 그러므로 벼를 가해하는 멸구매미충류에 대한 종합방제책으로 중부와 남부지방 별로 지침을 달리 세울 것이 요망된다.

약물용출 스텐트(drug-eluting stents, DES)는 일반 금속 스텐트에 비하여 재협착을 현저하게 줄였지만, 여전히 관상동맥 스텐트 재협착은 비율이 높다. 2012년 11월부터 2016년 12월까지의 일 대학교병원 심혈관센터에서 경피적 관상동맥 스텐트 삽입술 후 관상동맥 조영술에서 스텐트 재협착 환자 187명 그룹 I (약물코 팅 풍선카테터 사용, n=127명), 그룹 II (약물용출 스텐트 사용, n=60명)로 분류하여 치료효과, 주요심장사건, 사망 발생률, 심근경색, 표적병변 재개통술 그리고 스텐트 혈전등을 2년 동안 추적 분석하였다. 임상적 특성는 두 그룹간 차이는 없었고(21.1 ± 5.3 vs. 25.3 ± 9.6 mm, p<0.002), 혈관조영검사에서 약물코팅 풍선 카테터 사용 그룹에서 스텐트 재협착 길이가 짧았다. 주요심장사건은 8.7%vs.10.0%, p=0.789, 사망발생률 0%vs.0%,p=1.000, 심근경색 1.6%vs.6.7%, p=0.085, 표적병변 재개통술 8.7% vs. 10.0%, p=0.789 그리고 스텐트 혈전증 0% vs. 0%, p=1000에서 양군 간에 차이를 보이지 않았다. 약물코팅 풍선카테터가 약물방출 스텐트와 비교하여 2년 추적 검사 결과 주요심장사건에서 차이가 없었고, 약물코팅 풍선카테터는 스텐트 재협착 병변에서 약물방출 스텐트와 함께 선택할 수 있는 좋은 치료방법이라고 사료된다.

관상동맥 스텐트 혈전증 치료에 있어서 혈소판 당단백 IIb/IIIa 수용체 차단제와 카테터를 이용한 혈전 흡입술을 동시에 시행한 경우의 효과에 대하여 알아보고자 하였다. 2008년 07월부터 2017년 07월까지의 일대학교병원 심혈관센터에서 경피적 관상동맥 스텐트 삽입술 후 관상동맥 조영술에서 스텐트 혈전증이 발생한 환자 267명(64.6±12.1년, 187남자) 그룹 I(혈전용해술과 혈전흡입술 동시 시행한 경우, n=32명), 그룹 II (혈전용해술이나 혈전흡입술 한 가지만 시행한 경우 혹은 둘 다 시행하지 않은 경우, n=235명)로 분류하여 주요심장사건, 사망 발생률, 표적병변 재개통술 그리고 스텐트 혈전 등을 1 년동안 추적 관찰하였다. 두 군 간에 임상 특성에서 연령(그룹I: 60.8±12.9 vs. 그룹II: 65.1±11.9, p=0.603), 남성(그룹I: 75.0% vs. 그룹II: 69. 4%, p=0.681), 좌심실구혈율(그룹I: 58.1±9.0 vs. 그룹II: 59.5±11.9, p=0.127)등 양군 간에 차이는 없었다. 주요 심장사건은 두 군간에 차이를 보이지 않았으나(그룹I: 12.5% vs. 그룹II: 23.8%, p=0.180), 세부적으로 살펴보면 사망발생률(그룹I: 0% vs. 그룹II: 13.2%, p=0.034), 표적병변 재개통술(그룹I: 9.4% vs. 그룹II: 6.4%, p=0.4 61) 그리고 스텐트 혈전증(그룹I: 3.1% vs. 그룹II: 4.7%, p=1000)으로, 사망발생률은 혈소판 당단백 IIb/IIIa 수용체 차단제와 혈전흡입술을 동시에 시행한 군에서 유의하게 낮았다. 결론적으로, 관상동맥 스텐트 혈전증 치료에 있어 혈전용해술과 혈전흡입술을 동시 시행하는 경우에 비교군보다 사망 발생율을 감소시켰다.

본 연구는 잠재적인 생균제제 Lactobacillus plantarum P1201에 의한 유색 소립콩 분말 두유의 젖산발효 중 이화학적 특성, 총 페놀릭스와 이소플라본 함량 및 항산화 활성(DPPH와 ABTS 라디칼 소거활성 및 FRAP 환원력) 변화를 연구하였다. 콩 분말 두유의 발효 중 pH는 감소하였으나, 산도, 생균수 및 β-glucosidase 활성은 증가하였다. 총 이소플라본 함량은 풍산나물콩이 다른 유색 소립콩보다 함량이 높았다. 발효과정에서 배당체 이소플라본인 daidzin과 genistin 함량은 감소하였고 이에 상응하여 비배당체 이소플라본인 daidzein과 genistein 함량은 급격히 증가하였다. 특히, 발효 60시간 후 발효된 풍산나물콩 분말 두유의 daidzein과 genistein 함량은 87.37 μg/g and 51.29 μg/g으로 다른 시료들보다 함량이 가장 높았다. 총 페놀릭스 함량은 다른이 다른 유색 소립콩보다 함량이 높았다. 총 페놀릭스 함량은 색 소립콩 분말 두유의 젖산발효 중 0.44-2.92 mg/g(0 h)에서 1.79-3.03 mg/g(60 h)로 급격히 증가하였다. 끝으로, 발효된 콩 분말 두유는 DPPH와 ABTS 라디칼 소거활성 및 FRAP 환원력은 각각 28.7-40.6에서 90-95.3%, 25.1-42.3에서 51.4-82.8% 및 0.73-1.54에서 0.98-1.79(OD593nm)로 증가하였다. 발효된 콩 분말 두유는 유색 소립콩의 가치를 증대시킬 수 있다.

This study aimed to produce fermented soy-powder milk (FSPM) with Lactobacillus plantarum P1201 and to evaluate its anti-obesity activity. Isoflavone and conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) of unfermented soy-powder milk (UFSPM) and FSPM and were analyzed via high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) and gas chromatography (GC). Their inhibitory activities against α-glucosidase, α-amylase, and pancreatic lipase were assayed. Their anti-obesity activities were evaluated on the basis of their inhibitory effects on adipocyte differentiation in 3T3-L1 cells, and the expression of mRNAs associated with adipogenesis and lipid metabolism were analyzed via real time-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and quantitative PCR (qPCR). FSPM with L. plantarum P1201 increased the isoflavone aglycones (daidzein, glycitein, and genistein) content and produced CLA in soy-powder milk (SPM), both of which possessed bio-activity. Both UFSPM and FSPM showed dose-dependent inhibitory activity for α-glucosidase, α-amylase, and pancreatic lipase. FSPM, but not UFSPM, suppressed adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 cells and reduced their triglyceride content by 23.1% after treatment with 1,000 μg/mL of FSPM, compared with the control group. The anti-obesity effect of FSPM can be attributed to CLA and isoflavone aglycones, which targeted CCAAT/enhancer binding protein α (C/EBP-α) and down-regulated lipoprotein lipase (LPL), adiponectin, adipocyte fatty acid-binding protein (aP2), fatty acid synthase (FAS), and acetyl CoA carboxylase (ACC) mRNA. Furthermore, FSPM enhanced the inhibitory activity of glucosidase and pancreatic enzymes and anti-obesity activity. Further studies are required to investigate whether the anti-obesity effect of FSPM persists in an in vivo mouse model of diet-induced obesity.

This study investigated the nutritional properties and biological activities of Ganoderma lucidum (GL). The round type of GL contained higher carbohydrate content, while the Nokgak type of GL contained higher crude ash, crude fat, and crude protein content. The most abundant amino acid, fatty acid, mineral, and soluble vitamin observed were valine (round type: 11.90 mg/g and Nokgak type: 17.18 mg/g), linoleic acid (round type: 47.56% and Nokgak type: 75.68%), potassium (round type: 116.50 mg/100 g and Nokgak type: 184.36 mg/100 g), and vitamin B3 (round type: 1.78 mg/100 g and Nokgak type: 1.81 mg/100 g), respectively. In addition, the β-glucan content were 34.15 g/100 g (round type) and 30.07 g/100 g (Nokgak type). The GL 70% ethanol extract at 40℃ showed higher radical scavenging as well as carbohydrate and lipid enzyme inhibition than other conditions. At 1 mg/mL of treatment with the 70% ethanol extract at 40℃ of round type GL, the DPPH, ABTS, hydroxyl radical scavenging, and α-glucosidase, α-amylase, and pancreatic lipase inhibition activities obtained were approximately 92.85, 99.74, 58.09, 89.68, 44.68, and 67.56%, respectively.

In this study, vineger was produced after heat treatment of Elaeagnus multiflora juice and its fermentative characteristics were investigated. The heat-treated juice and vinegar of E. multiflora were similar in fruit color, with b values (redness) of 39.48 (juice) and 37.56 (vinegar). After 10 days of fermentation of E. multiflora fruit, the acetic acid bacteria viable cell number, pH, acidity, reducing sugar content, and alcohol content were 4.59-4.62 log CFU/mL, 3.14-3.45, 0.2-2.12%, 0.69-35.24 mg/mL, and 0.2%, respectively. The heat-treated juice and vinegar showed significantly higher radical scavenging and digestive enzyme inhibitory activities than untreated samples, and the levels of soluble phenolics, soluble flavonoids, flavan-3-ol derivatives, and phenolic and derivatives were increased. Additioinally, the heat-treated vinegar contained major organic acids, such as acetic acid (21.82 mg/mL), and major flavan-3-ols and phenolic acids, such as catechin (72.24 μg/mL), catechin gallate (273.36 μg/mL), epigallocatechin gallate (68.35 μg/mL), protocatechuic acid (12.84 μg/mL), and salicylic acid (42.29 μg/mL). At 25 μL/mL treatment, DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities and α-glucosidase and pancreatic lipase inhibitory activities were 79.66%, 93.99%, 90.12%, and 64.85%, respectively. This result suggested that it is possible to produce new types of vinegar and beverages, using heat-treated E. multiflora juice.

In this study, soy-powder yogurt (SPY) with enhanced levels of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and isoflavone aglycone was produced from sprouting high-protein soybeans (HPSs). The fermented steam-HPS sprouts (0 to 4 cm) were fermented (72 h) with Lactobacillus brevis, and the total free amino acids (FAAs) of the formed mixtures were determined to be 79.53, 489.93, 877.55, 780.53, and 979.97 mg/100 mL in the fermented HPS (FHPS), and the fermented steam-HPS with 0 cm (FSHPS-0), 1 cm (FSHPS-1), 2 cm (FSHPS-2), and 4 cm sprouting lengths (FSHPS-4), respectively. The levels of glutamic acid (GA) and GABA were observed to be the highest, 100.31 and 101.60 mg/100 mL, respectively, in the unfermented HPS (UFSHPS-1, 1 cm) and FSHPS-1 sprouts, respectively. Moreover, the total contents of the isoflavone glycoside form decreased proportionally to the increasing total levels of isoflavone aglycones after fermentation in FSHPS-0, FSHPS-1, FSHPS-2, and FSHPS-4. The levels of isoflavone aglycones were detected as 350.34, 289.15, 361.61, 445.05, and 491.25 μg/g in FHPS, FSHPS-0, FSHPS-1, FSHPS-2, and FSHPS-4, respectively. While FSHPS-1 exhibited the highest DPPH (63.28%) and ABTS (73.28%) radical scavenging activities, FSHPS-4 contained the highest isoflavone aglycone ratio (81.63%). All in all, the FSHPS-1 mixture prepared in this study exhibited high GABA content and functional prosperity, thereby making it suitable for potential applications in the soy-dairy industry.

In this study, contetnts of phenolic acid and isoflavone, and biological activities of soy sauce were compared the soy sauce added bitter melon powder (BMPs). After the fermentation, pHs were decreased from 5.83 (0% BMP), 5.47 (5% BMP), and 5.32 (10% BMP) to 5.28, 5.36, and 5.16 at 90 days, whereas the acidities of soy sauce were increased from 0.06%, 0.07%, and 0.09% to 0.30%, 0.28%, and 0.36% at 90 days, respectively. In addition, the salinities of soy sauce were decreased, while viable cell numbers including Bacillus and yeast were increased. The contents of total phenolic, isoflavone-aglycone, and phenolic acid and antioxidant and α-glucosidase inhibition activities were significantly increased for 90 days, while the isoflavone-glycoside contents were decreased. In Particular, soy sauce with 10% BMP at 90 days showed the highest contents of glutamic acid (GA, 9,876.09 mg/100 mL) and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA, 325.02 mg/100 mL) contents than among other samples. Additionally, the radical scavenging activities (DPPH, ABTS, ⦁OH, and FRAP) and α-glucosidase inhibition activities of soy sauce with 10% BMP at 90 days were shown to be high 96.07%, 97.27%, 59.47%, 1.98%, and 79.96%, respectively.

Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) as an acute form and a catastrophic manifestation of coronary artery disease (CAD) is the major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The prevalence and incidence of myocardial infarction can be influenced by demographic, biological and psychosocial factors, and it is rare in childhood and adolescent years. Contrary to the elderly, where cardiac attack is mainly caused by CAD, exercise-induced cardiac attack is relatively more prevalent in a young adult. We report here on a case of ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) in a young adult during vigorous physical activity and we review the relevant literatures.

Present study aimed to determine the effect of ‘bitter melon’, a popularly used fruit in Bangladesh and several other Asian countries, on high-fat-diet-induced type 2 diabetes. To investigate the effect, ethanol extract from bitter melon (BME) as a dietary supplement with mouse chow was used. BME was found to significantly attenuate the high-fat diet (HFD) -induced body weight and total fat mass. BME also effectively reduced the insulin resistance induced by the HFD. Furthermore, dietary supplementation of BME was highly effective in increasing insulin sensitivity and reducing hepatic fat and obesity. These results indicate that BME could be effective in attenuating type 2 diabetes and could therefore be a preventive measure against type 2 diabetes.