Maintaining the permanence of a company in the current rapidly changing business environment is not an easy task. Rather, the lifespan of a company can be said to be gradually decreasing. As such, the author of this paper, which describes the current market environment, is the sales organization of a large company. While leading the company, I thought about how to overcome the rapidly changing market and create an organization that continues to grow. As a result, I succeeded in creating an organization that continued to grow over the past two years, and the main activity of this result was the use of sales computer. It was clear that it was an information sharing activity. This can be said to be a result of proving that a series of activities to create and share information is important for the sales organization of ICT companies to actively respond to the rapidly changing market environment. Therefore, this study attempted to examine the relationship between knowledge management and business performance in the sales field of ICT companies, which has not been covered so far. Knowledge management is a four-stage activity from a process perspective, divided into knowledge creation, knowledge storage, knowledge transfer, and knowledge utilization. did. As a result of the study, first, knowledge management activities, such as knowledge creation and knowledge storage, were found to have a significant impact on financial performance. Second, knowledge management activities such as knowledge creation, knowledge storage, knowledge transfer, and knowledge utilization were all found to have an impact on non-financial performance. In the end, this study confirmed that efforts to turn tacit knowledge into knowledge in order to respond to the ever-changing ICT market are ultimately an important factor in growing a company.

Bolivian tuber species like potato (Solanum tuberosum), native potato (Solanum sp), Oca (Oxalis tuberosa Molina), Olluco (Ullucus tuberosus Caldas), and Isaño (Tropaeolum turosum Ruíz & Pav.) hold extraordinary nutritional value and cultural significance, particularly within the Andean region. This study examined the mineral composition of Bolivian tuber species as an essential step toward understanding their nutritional significance and potential contributions to addressing dietary deficiencies. The research involved detailed analysis of diverse tuber cultivars, uncovering distinct mineral profiles across species. Native potato shows high levels of nitrogen (N), potassium (K), phosphorus (P), and magnesium (Mg) levels, alongside moderate micronutrients like iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn). Commercial potatoes exhibited prominence in N, P, and K, with moderate Fe, Zn, and manganese (Mn) levels. Oca, Isaño, and Papa Lisa displayed unique mineral concentrations, offering potential nutritional benefits. Intricate correlations and significant variances among elements highlighted the diverse mineral compositions among these tuber species. Multivariate analyses emphasized distinct mineral profiles unique to each species, revealing significant compositions of isaño and papa lisa's. The Multitrait Genotype- Ideotype Distance Index (MGIDI) identified isaño jaspeado, isaño and an unnamed native potato, AXT2, as promising ideotypes due to their exceptional mineral compositions. These findings provide comprehensive insights into Bolivian tuber species' various mineral compositions, underscoring their nutritional significance and potential in targeted breeding for improved dietary support and enhanced food security.

During the dismantling of nuclear facilities, a large quantity of radioactive concrete is generated and chelating agents are required for the decontamination process. However, disposing of environmentally persistent chelated wastes without eliminating the chelating agents might increase the rate of radionuclide migration. This paper reports a rapid and straightforward ion chromatography method for the quantification of citric acid (CA), a commonly used chelating agent. The findings demonstrate acceptable recovery yields, linearities, and reproducibilities of the simulated samples, confirming the validity of the proposed method. The selectivity of the proposed method was confirmed by effectively separating CA from gluconic acid, a common constituent in concretes. The limits of detection and quantification of the method were 0.679 and 2.059 mg·L−1, respectively, while the recovery yield, indicative of the consistency between theoretical and experimental concentrations, was 85%. The method was also employed for the quantification of CA in a real concrete sample. These results highlight the potential of this approach for CA detection in radioactive concrete waste, as well as in other types of nuclear wastes.

This study addresses the scarcity of research examining technology’s impact on learners of English as a foreign language in English for specific purposes (ESP) courses within English-medium instruction (EMI) programs. Focusing on a business communication course using a social question-answering platform, this study explores the interplay among English proficiency, motivational orientations, and online engagement. Surveying 126 university students via a mixed-method approach, this research identifies distinct motivational orientations (intrinsic, extrinsic, and self-efficacy) existing during class activities, influenced by proficiency levels, with notable differences in online participation between beginner and advanced learners. The findings suggest that while online activities enhance peer interaction and teacher feedback, they may trigger anxiety in beginners, potentially diminishing motivation and self-efficacy. These results emphasize the need to tailor technology integration to proficiency levels and motivational orientations in ESP/EMI settings. Practical recommendations are offered for educators aiming to implement effective online activities and provide targeted support, particularly for beginner learners, thereby bolstering their motivation and selfefficacy.

목적: 본 연구는 학습과정에서 보일 수 있는 심리적인 특성과 성격적인 요인을 진단할 수 있는 U&I 학습성격유형검 사를 이용하여 학습성격에 따른 시기능훈련 전·후 향상도를 알아보고자 하였다. 방법 : 안과질환 및 전신질환이 없는 성인 남녀 34명을 대상으로 학습성격유형을 분류하고 양안시검사 결과에 따라 적합한 시기능훈련 도구를 적합한 선정하여 시기능훈련을 실시하였다. 결과 : 학습성격유형과 시기능훈련을 상관 분석한 결과 행동형은 음성상대조절력과 양의 상관관계를 보였으며 규범형은 원거리 양성융합버전스 회복점과 양의 상관관계를 보였다. 탐구형은 양성상대조절력과 음의 상관관계를 보였고 이상형은 음성상대조절력과는 양의 상관관계, 근거리 양성융합버전스 흐린점은 음의 상관관계를 보였다. 학 습성격유형에 따른 시기능훈련 효과를 분석한 결과 융합용이성에서 규범형이 이상형보다 시기능훈련 전·후 융합 용이성의 효과가 유의하게 증가하였다. 결론 : 학습성격유형에 따른 시기능훈련 효과에 차이가 있음을 확인할 수 있었으며 그에 맞는 훈련법을 고안한 다면 더 체계적인 시기능훈련 방법을 적용할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

가는잎향유[Elsholtzia angustifolia (Loes.) Kitag.]는 화형 이 아름답고, 정유 특유의 향기가 좋아서 분화용 및 지피용 관 상식물로 수요가 증가하고 있고, 전초에는 약효가 있다고 알 려져 있다. 본 연구는 가는잎향유의 육묘에 미치는 플러그 트 레이 셀 사이즈, 파종립수, 차광정도, 추비농도 등의 영향을 구명하기 위하여 수행되었다. 연구결과, 플러그 트레이 셀 사 이즈는 용량이 증가할수록 유묘의 초장, 엽수, 마디수, 근장, 지상부 생체중이 유의적으로 증가하였다. 파종 립수는 2립 파 종 시 가장 효율적이었고, 파종량이 증가할수록 생육이 감소 하였다. 차광정도가 높아질수록 초장은 증가하였고, 경직경, 엽수, 마디수는 55% 차광에서 가장 우수하였다. 추비 처리 시 공시비료 1000배 처리구에서 생육이 가장 양호하였다. 따라 서 가는잎향유의 육묘 시 162셀 트레이에 원예상토를 채운 다음 셀 당 2립 파종한 후 55% 차광막이 설치된 육묘상에서 공시비료 1000배로 엽면시비하는 것이 가장 효과적인 것으로 생각된다.

Determining the number of operators who set up the machines in a human-machine system is crucial for maximizing the benefits of automated production machines. A man-machine chart is an effective tool for identifying bottlenecks, improving process efficiency, and determining the optimal number of machines per operator. However, traditional man-machine charts are lacking in accounting for idle times, such as interruptions caused by other material handling equipment. We present an adjusted man-machine chart that determines the number of machines per operator, incorporating idleness as a penalty term. The adjusted man-machine chart efficiently deploys and schedules operators for the hole machining process to enhance productivity, where operators have various idle times, such as break times and waiting times by forklifts or trailers. Further, we conduct a simulation validation of traditional and proposed charts under various operational environments of operators’ fixed and flexible break times. The simulation results indicate that the adjusted man-machine chart is better suited for real-world work environments and significantly improves productivity.

Despite advancements in therapeutic approaches, radiotherapy and cisplatin-based chemotherapy remain primary noninvasive treatments for patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Moreover, the 5-year survival rate for patients with OSCC has remained almost unchanged for several decades, and many side effects of chemotherapy still exist. In this study, three-dimensional (3D) models of OSCC were established using fibroblasts, and the efficacy of various biological inhibitors was evaluated. A culture of epithelial cells with two types of fibroblasts (hTERT-hNOFs and cancer-associated fibroblasts) within a type I collagen matrix resulted in the formation of a continuous layer of tightly packed cells compared to models without fibroblasts. Furthermore, the effects of biological chemicals, including Y27632, latrunculin A, and verteporfin, on these models were investigated. The stratified formation of the epithelial layer and invasion in OSCC 3D-culture models were effectively inhibited by verteporfin, whereas invasion was weakly inhibited by Y27632 and latrunculin. Collectively, the developed OSCC 3D-culture models established with fibroblasts demonstrated the potential for drug screening, with verteporfin showing promising efficacy.

The cocoa sub-sector is an important pillar of Ghana’s economic stability and growth prospects; the sub-sector contributes to fiscal stability, infrastructure, and employment. In recent times, diversification has become a common observable feature in the industry. This study uses the conditional mixed process approach to examine the interaction between the diversification status and profitability of cocoa farming simultaneously in a single system. Using data from 401 farmers in the Western and Ashanti regions of Ghana in 2022, the study found that more profitable farmers were more likely to diversify. Conversely, diversified farmers were likely to be more profitable than non-diversified farmers. It also found that the farmer's age, experience, farm area, and location of the farm impacted both the profitability and diversification status of farmers. Thus, it is suggested that policymakers should direct policies and programs to support the creation of alternative farm-based livelihoods for farmers.

Glutamate-mediated oxidative stress causes neuronal cell death by increasing intracellular Ca2+ uptake, reactive oxidative species (ROS) generation, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activation, and translocation of apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) to the nucleus. In the current study, we demonstrated that corydaline exerts potent neuroprotective effects against glutamate-induced neurotoxicity. Treatment with 5 mmol/L glutamate increased cellular Ca2+ influx, ROS generation, MAPK activation, and AIF translocation. In contrast, corydaline treatment decreased cellular Ca2+ influx and ROS generation. Western blot analysis revealed that glutamate-mediated MAPK activation was attenuated by corydaline treatment. We further demonstrated that corydaline treatment inhibited the glutamate-mediated translocation of AIF to the nucleus. We propose that corydaline is a promising lead structure for the development of safe and effective neuroprotectants.

본 연구에서는 자기공명영상검사실 방사선사의 환자안전 문화 인식을 분석하고자 하였다. 수도권 자기공명영상검사 실에서 근무하는 방사선사 109명을 대상으로 일반적인 특성, 실태조사, 환자안전 문화 인식에 대해 설문 조사하였 다. 의료종사자들을 대상으로 개발된 한국형 환자안전문화 측정 도구에서 최상위 리더십을 경영진으로, 부서장이라 는 단어를 파트장으로 수정하였고 전문가 5인에게 내용 타당도를 검증받았다. 결과적으로 자기공명영상검사실에서 근무하는 방사선사의 환자안전 문화 인식 점수는 평균 3.97로 높았지만, 안전사고경험 비율이 65.1%로 높게 나타났 다. 따라서 정기적으로 이루어지고 있는 자기공명영상검사 안전교육의 효율성 제고를 위한 연구가 필요하며 본 연구 가 기초자료를 제공할 것이라 사료된다.

This study evaluated the risk of single and combined exposure to microplastics in zebrafish (Danio rerio) through biomarkers, such as survival rate, excretion rate, and histological alterations of organ systems. The experimental groups were the control (Cont.), single microplastics exposure group (MPs, 1.83%/fish total weight (g)), the copper group (Cu, 21.6 μg L-1), and a group with combined exposure to MPs and copper (MPs*Cu). The experiment was conducted with individual exposure (7 days) for MP excretion rate analysis and group exposure (14 days) for biomarker analysis. The daily excretion rate of MPs tended to decrease in a time-dependent manner. The copper concentration in the body was not significantly different between single and combined copper exposure. The degeneration of mucous cells in the skin, capillary dilation of the gill lamella, increased intestinal mucous, hepatocyte hypertrophy, and the degeneration of glomeruli and renal tubules were observed in all exposure groups. These histological alterations showed the highest tendency in the MPs*Cu group. In this study, the changes in biomarkers were attributed to the single effect of copper or the combined effect of copper and MPs rather than being solely influenced by MPs.

본 논문에서는 빙하가 녹아 갈라져서 떠내려 온 새끼 펭귄이 다시 펭귄 무리로 되돌아가기 위 해서 길을 찾아 나서는 퍼즐 어드벤처 게임을 제안한다. 플레이어 40명의 로그 기록과 설문지 를 분석한 결과를 바탕으로 제안하는 게임의 특징을 살펴보고자 한다. 첫째, 제안하는 게임은 새끼 펭귄이 얼음 덩어리를 밀어서 길을 만들어 이동하는 직관적인 규칙을 제공한다. 로그 기 록에서 플레이 평균 시간은 19분이며, 이를 19개의 리스폰 지점으로 나누면, 구간별 플레이 평균시간은 1분이다. 설문에서 게임 목표 명확성은 4.45점, 게임 난이도는 4.16점을 받았다. 둘째, 제안하는 게임은 가마우지가 새끼 펭귄에게 도움말을 제시하는 등 유용한 정보를 친절 하게 제공한다. 전체 플레이 평균 시간은 baseline이 24분이고, kinder UI가 19분이다. kinder UI에서 새끼 펭귄이 얼음 덩어리를 덜 밀고, 게임 재시작을 덜 하고, 더 빨리 상호작 용하여, 문제를 빨리 해결한다. 설문에서 게임 스토리 이해는 4.15점, 유용한 정보는 4.45점을 받았다. 셋째, 제안하는 게임은 남극과 유사한 환경을 제공하여 몰입도를 상승시킨다. baseline에 비해서 kinder UI에서 다양한 게임 오브젝트와 더 적극적으로 상호작용을 시도하 고, 미션 완료 후 더 오랫동안 오로라를 지켜봤다. 설문에서 게임 캐릭터 선호도는 4.56점, 게 임 환경 만족도는 4.22점을 받았다.

This study explored the changes in senescence patterns and vase life of cut roses grown in summer and autumn, aiming to identify the relationship between harvest seasons and flower longevity. We analyzed gene expression profiles associated with lignin, pectin, ethylene, auxin, and sucrose transport to understand the molecular mechanisms underlying senescence symptoms, such as the bent neck, petal abscission, and petal wilting in cut rose flowers. Our results revealed season-dependent occurrences of bent neck and petal abscission, with higher incidence rates in autumn-harvested rose flowers. These increases in bent neck and petal abscission contributed to a shortened vase life for the cut flowers. Gene expression analysis indicated that elevated levels of ethylene biosynthesis genes and reduced expression of lignin, pectin biosynthesis, auxin response factor, and sucrose transport genes accelerated the increased senescence symptoms. Notably, the incidence rates of the bent neck were highly negatively correlated with the transcript levels of key genes involved in lignin and pectin biosynthesis, RhPRXPX and RhGAUT1, in pedicels. These findings contribute to our understanding of the molecular factors influencing the mechanical strength of flower pedicels and provide insights for postharvest strategies to enhance the ornamental value of cut flowers across seasons.

Background: Various treatments are being tried for lumbar neuropathy. Among them, neural mobilization aims to reduce peripheral nerve sensitivity by stimulating them directly. Similarly, applying kinesiotape stimulates skin and joint receptors around the nerves, thereby affecting nerve function and movement. Objectives: To investigated the effect of low back pain on the neural mobilization and kinesiotaping. Design: Randomized controlled trial. Methods: Thirty patients with chronic low back pain were randomly allocated to three groups: the neural mobilization exercise with kinesiotaping group (NEKTG, n=10), the neural mobilization exercise group (NEG, n=10), and the kinesiotaping group (KTG, n=10). Each group performed six intervention sessions over two weeks. The results were analyzed by measuring the numeric pain rating scale (NPRS) and straight leg raise (SLR) before and after the intervention in each group. Results: NEKTG, NEG, and KTG all indicated a significant decrease in the back pain index before and after the intervention. However, there were no differences observed between the three groups. The SLR angles before the experiment were identical across the three groups. The SLR angles before and after the intervention were as follows: the SLR angle significantly increased in NEKTG. Furthermore, there was a significant increase in the SLR angle in NEKTG compared to both NEG and KTG. Conclusion: Neural mobilization combined with kinesiotaping provided better therapeutic effects regarding pain reduction and neurodynamic improvement compared to alone kinesiotaping and mobilization with chronic low back pain.

Background: Self-myofascial release using a foam roller has short-term effects for improving muscle function and joint range of motion (ROM) and reducing delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS) after exercise. Objectives: The purpose of our study was to examine the muscle physiological changes for each set in self-myofascial release of the hamstring muscles using a foam roller in order to provide basic data for the most effective program composition for improving muscle tension, stiffness, and flexibility of the hamstring muscles. Design: A quasi-experimental clinical trial. Methods: To confirm the effect of self-myofascial release of the hamstring muscles using a foam roller, muscle tone and stiffness of the hamstring muscles were measured. As an intervention method, the study subject performed four sessions of self-myofascial release by moving a foam roller back and forth on the posterior thigh muscle of the right leg. Results: There were statistically significant changes in the stiffness of the biceps femoris and the flexibility of the hamstring muscles. Conclusion: Self-myofascial release with foam rolling is an effective intervention method for increasing hamstring flexibility and ROM, and it is recommended as effective to perform self-myofascial release for three to four sessions to maintain normal muscle tone and stiffness of the hamstring muscles.

Background: The reduction in physical activity in stroke patients weakens their health and lowers their quality of life. There is a need for the development of effective exercise programs to enhance the physical activity of chronic stroke patients. Objectives: The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of a rehabilitation sports program using Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation (PNF) on the body composition, physical function, and quality of life of stroke. Design: Single group study. Methods: This study was conducted on 9 chronic stroke patients. The exercise program, which applied PNF, was carried out in group sessions twice a week for 50 minutes each over 8 weeks. Participants were assessed before and after the exercise program using InBody, Fugl-Meyer Assessment for Upper Extremity (FMA-UE), Grip Strength, 10-Meter Walk Test (10MWT), Timed Up and Go Test (TUG), Functional Reach Test (FRT), and completed the 36-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) questionnaire. Statistical analysis was performed using paired t-tests for pre- and post-exercise comparisons and the Wilcoxon signed-rank test for evaluating the effects of the exercise program. Results: The results of this study showed differences in weight (P>.05), BMI(P>.05), body fat (P>.05), FMA-UE (P<.05), Grip Strength (P<.05), 10MWT (P<.05), TUG (P<.05), FRT (P<.05), SF-36 (P<.05). Conclusion: This suggests that the rehabilitation sports program using PNF can be used as an exercise program to enhance physical activity, improving physical function and quality of life in chronic stroke patients.

Background: Among the various rehabilitation methods for stroke patients, one method involves the use of vibration. Recently, vibration foam rollers, combining vibration with foam rolling, have been developed and are widely used. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of vibration foam rolling on ankle range of motion (ROM), and gait speed in patients with stroke. Design: A randomized controlled trial. Methods: Thirty stroke patients volunteered to participate and were randomly assigned to the vibrating foam roller group (n=15) and the non-vibrating foam roller group (n=15). Active dorsiflexion ROM, and 10-meter walk (10MW) were used to evaluate ankle ROM, and gait speed before and after each exercise. The two groups performed a 30-minute foam roller exercise program. The non-vibrating foam roller group performed the same exercise program as the vibrating foam roller group, but without vibration. Results: The within-group change in active dorsiflexion ROM after the exercise was significant for both the vibrating foam roller group and the non-vibrating foam roller group (P<.05). The within-group change in 10MW after the exercise was significant for the vibrating foam roller group (P<.05), while it was not significant for the non-vibrating foam roller group (P>.05). Additionally, there was no significant difference in active dorsiflexion ROM and 10MW between the vibrating foam roller group and the non-vibrating foam roller group (P>.05). Conclusion: This study confirmed that a vibrating foam roller exercise program immediately improves ankle ROM and gait speed in stroke patients.

Plants synthesize antioxidant compounds as a defense mechanism against reactive oxygen species. Recently, plant-derived antioxidant compounds have attracted attention due to the increasing consumer awareness in the heath industry. However, traditional methods for measuring the antioxidant activity of these compounds are time-consuming and costly. Therefore, our study constructed a quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) model that can predict antioxidant activity using graph convolutional networks (GCN) from plant structural data. The accuracy (Acc) of the model reached 0.6 and the loss reached 0.03. Although with lower accuracy than previously reported QSAR models, our model showed the possibility of predicting DPPH antioxidant activity in a wide range of plant compounds (phenolics, polyphenols, vitamins, etc.) based on their graph structure.