The entomopathogneic fungal colonization has become an interesting issue in ecological pest management. Plant-orientedfungi induce plant growth promotion and act as natural control agents against insect pest. Herein this work, we evaluatedthe ability of fungal colonization on bark, branches and leaves of pine tree (Pinus densiflora) to select optimal candidatesfor controlling Japanese pine sawyer (Monochamus alternatus), which is the pine wilt disease vector in Korea. As a result,some Beauveria and Metarhizium isolates could colonize on the substrates of P. densiflora and showed pathogenicity againstM. alternatus. This result suggests that the selected entomopathogenic fungi are possibly candidates for long-term managementof M. alternatus in pine tree forest.

Japanese pine sawyer, Monochamus alternatus HOPE (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) are considered as important pine forestinsect pests in several countries which transmits the pine wood nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophylus. In this study, wetried to control Japanese pine sawyer using entomopathogenic fungi to prevent the spread of pine wilt disease in Korea.Several entomopathogenic fungi were exposed to the adults of Japanese pine sawyer and mycosis was observed in themembranous cuticles after 6 days. In particular, two isolates showed high virulence against the adults. The selected 2isolates were sprayed to the adults at 1×105, 1×106 and 1×107 conidia/ml. In the concentration of 1×107 conidia/ml, thesurvival rates of insects were 40% and 47%, respectively. Based on these results, the possibility of controlling the Japanesepine sawyer was confirmed.

We have surveyed the current status of insect pollinator use for horticultural crops in 2016. The use rate and farmnumber of insect pollinators for 26 horticultural crops were 25.8% and 55,208, respectively. The colony number of insectpollinators used in this survey was 479,777, which include 344,690 for honeybees, 119,104 for bumblebees, 2,415 formason bees, 1,317 for flies, and 2,415 for the combination of bumblebees, honeybees, and mason bees. The use rateof insect pollinators was 59.4% for 11 vegetable crops and the colony number of insect pollinators used for 11 vegetablecrops was 449,287. The colony number of insect pollinators used for 15 fruit tree crops was 30,290, which include honeybees(66.3%), bumblebees (20.2%), mason bees (8.0%), flies (1.6%), and the combination (3.9%) of bumblebees, honeybees,and mason bees. Together, farms of 98% showed positive effect for the use of insect pollinators and most of farms (97.0%)planed for the continuous use of insect pollinators

We have analyzed the transcriptome of Scolopendra subspinipes mutilans using RNA sequencing and identified severalantimicrobial peptide candidates. Among the peptides, named scolopendrasins, were selected based on the physicochemicalproperties of antimicrobial peptides via an in silico analysis. As a result, we evaluated the antimicrobial activities ofscolopendrasins against Gram positive and negative bacteria including Candida albicans by radial diffusion assay and colonycount assay. We also investigated the cytotoxicity of scolopendrasins through hemolysis assay. We found that the actionof scolopendrasins involved binding to the surface of microorganisms via a specific interaction with lipopolysaccharides,lipoteichoic acid, and peptidoglycans, which are components of the bacterial membrane. These results will provide a basisfor developing therapeutic agents such as peptide antibiotics.

Chemical pesticides have been used for persimmon pest control, however the overuse caused insect resistance andenvironmental toxicity. Herein this work, we investigated the biological potential of eco-friendly organic pesticides (biologicals)and entomopathogenic fungi in controlling persimmon pests, Stathmopoda masinisaa and Riptortus pedetris. A botanicalmixture of Chinese scholar tree, goosefoot and subtripinnata extract, Bacillus thuringesis NT0423 and one isolate of Beauveriabassiana showed high insecticidal activity against the pests in laboratory conditions. The selected botanical extract andmicroorganism were combined with a chemical pesticide (buprofezin+dinotefuran WP) and were assessed their controlefficacy in persimmon fields. Compared to the three times of chemical spray, the combination of more than one timeof chemical spray and the selected biologicals controlled the persimmon pests with an acceptable levels. Consequentlyone time of biological spray can be integrated to the spray program where only chemicals are strongly considered.

The hard tick, Haemaphysalis longicornis (Ixodida: Ixodidae) is one of the vectors of severe fever with thrombocytopeniasyndrome virus (SFTSV) causing in humans, however little consideration was given to the biological control of the pest.We evaluated three bioassay methods, such as spray, dipping and dropping. As a result, the dipping method was themost efficient way to measure the fungal virulence. Finally, we constructed a Haemaphysalis longicornis pathogenic fungallibrary to further facilitate the resources to be used as potential biological control agents. A conidial suspension of 1×107conidia/ml was exposed to the ticks by dipping. We confirmed that some isolates were highly virulent to the ticks. Thisresults indicated that some fungi could be used to effectively control the Haemaphysalis longicornis.

목적 : 이 설문 연구는 안경사법에 대한 일반소비자 집단의 인식도를 조사하고, 그로부터 안경사법을 입 법하기 위한 효과적인 입법 전략을 도출하는 것을 목적으로 하였다. 방법 : 2016년 5월부터 8월까지 서울 지역에서 일반인 200 명을 상대로 무작위 1대1 대면 설문조사를 실 시하고 그 결과를 시력교정 경험자와 미경험자 집단으로 구분하여 분석하였다. 결과 : 일반 소비자 집단의 안경원법에 대한 인식도는 매우 낮은 편이었으며, 그로 인하여 안경사법에 대 한 찬반 의견이나 안경사법의 통과 가능성을 묻는 설문에도 ‘모르겠다’는 중립적 답변이 매우 많았다. 안경 사법이 통과되기 어려운 이유와 그에 대한 해결 방법을 묻는 설문에서는, ‘안과의사들의 반대’와 ‘국민적 합 의 미흡’을 이유로 답하고 해결 방법도 ‘안과의사들과의 합의’와 ‘국민적 합의 제고’라고 응답한 비율이 높았 다. 안경사의 타각적 굴절검사가 허용되면 수용하겠다는 긍정적인 답변이 60%를 넘었으며, 안경사의 타각 적 굴절검사는 의료행위가 아닌 광학적 측정이라는 답변 또한 높은 응답률을 기록하였다. 결론 : 안경사법의 입법 과정에서 일반 소비자들의 낮은 인식도가 큰 걸림돌로 작용하고 있음을 알 수 있 었다. 안경사법의 입법을 위해서는 일반인을 대상으로 하는 홍보를 강화하고, 안과의사 집단과의 합의에 주 력하는 것이 가장 효과적인 방법임을 설문 결과로부터 유추할 수 있다. 일반 소비자 집단은 타각적 굴절검사 가 의료행위라는 인식이 약하고 안경사의 타각적 굴절검사 수용에 적극적이므로, 안경사법의 내용에 대한 대국민 홍보가 강화된다면 안경사법의 입법 과정에 크게 기여할 수 있으리라 예상된다.

This study was aimed to evaluate the dose-response the effects of nano-encapsulated conjugated linoleic acids(CLAs) on in vitro ruminal fermentation profiles. A fistulated Holstein cow was used as a donor of rumen fluid. Nano-encapsulated CLAs(LF, 5% of nano-encapsulated CLA-FFA; HF, 10% of nano-encapsulated CLA-FFA; LT, 5% of nano-encapsulated CLA-TG; HT, 10% of nano-encapsulated CLA-TG) were added to the in vitro ruminal fermentation experiment. In the in vitro ruminal incubation test, the total gas production on incubation with nano-encapsulated CLAs was increased significantly according to the incubation time, compared with the control(p<0.05). The tVFA concentrations on addition of LF and HT were significantly higher than that of the control(p<0.05). Thus, nano-encapsulated CLAs might improve the ruminal fermentation characteristics without adverse effects on the incubation process. In addition, the population of Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens which is closely related to ruminal biohydrogenation was increased by adding HT, while decreased by adding LF at 12 h incubation. These results showed that nano-encapsulated CLA-FFA could be applied to enhance CLA levels in ruminants by maintaining the stability of CLA without causing adverse effects on ruminal fermentation profiles considering the optimal dosage.

The purpose of the study was to investigate the strength of sokinetic muscle by the position of a volleyball players. Analysis and comparison of shoulder dynamic stability will be conducted according to rotational movement of the shoulder during spiking and serving amongst the various positions. Fifty professional Korean female volleyball players (age: 20~30), all different positions – attacker (left and right), center, setter, and libero were The concentric peak torque, strength ration of the internal and external rotation of the shoulder girdle for both dominant and non-dominant arms. Firstly, there were significant differences found for the strength ratio between the setter and the other positions in the dominant arm. On a second note, there was a significant decrease in shoulder dynamic stabilization for both the attacker and center in the dominant arm. However, there were no significant differences for the setter or the libero. This study suggests that the isokinetic muscle strengths of the volleyball players are different from each other.

본 연구에서는 건조된 유자씨박 70% 에탄올 추출물 및 에틸아세테이트 분획물을 제조하고, 이들의 항산화능을 평가하였다. 유자씨박 추출물 및 분획물의 수율은 각각 5.1 및 0.9%로 나타났다. 1,1-Phenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) 라디칼 시험법에서 자유 라디칼 소거 활성(FSC50)은 70% 에탄올 추출물과 에틸아세테이트 분획물이 각각 512.1 및 514.0 μg/mL를 나타냈다. 라디칼 소거활성은 (+)- α-tocopherol(9.0 μg/mL)보다는 비교적 낮았다. Fe3+-EDTA계를 이용한 총 항산화능 평가에서 유자 씨박 70% 에탄올 추출물 및 에틸아세테이트 분획의 OSC50은 242.9 및 86.5 μg/mL이었다. 유자씨박 에틸아세테이트 분획은 70% 에탄올 추출물 보다 높은 총 항산화능을 보였지만, 대조군인 L-ascorbic acid (1.7 μg/mL)보다 낮게 나타났다. 1O2로 유도된 세포 손상에 대한 보호 효과(τ50)에서, 70% 에탄 올 추출물은 5, 10, 25, 50 μg/mL 에서 농도 의존적인 세포 보호 효과를 보였다. 유자씨박 에틸아세테 이트 분획은 5 μg/mL 에서 39.8 min으로 (+)-α-tocopherol (36.1 min)과 유사한 세포 보호 활성을 나타났다. 그러나 10 μg/mL 이상에서 농도가 증가함에 따라 낮은 세포 보호 효과를 나타냈다. 결과적 으로, 유자씨박 에틸아세테이트 분획물이 라디칼 소거활성이 아닌 총 항산화 활성을 통해 낮은 농도에서 는 세포 보호 효과를 나타냈으나 높은 농도에서는 세포 보호 효과가 농도 의존적으로 나타나지 않았다.

Metformin (1,1-dimethylbiguanide hydrochloride), derived from French lilac (Galega officinalis), is a first-line anti-diabetic drug prescribed for patients with type 2 diabetes. However, the role of metformin in odontoblastic cell differentiation is still unclear. This study therefore undertook to examine the effect of metformin on regulating odontoblast differentiation in MDPC-23 mouse odontoblastic cells derived from mouse dental papilla cells. As compared to controls, metformin significantly accelerated the mineralization, significantly increased and accelerated the expressions of ALP and Col I mRNAs, and significantly increased the accelerated expressions of DSPP and DMP-1 mRNAs, during differentiation of MDPC-23 cells. There was no alteration in cell proliferation of MDPC-23 cells, on exposure to metformin. These results suggest that the effect of metformin on MDPC-23 mouse odontoblastic cells derived from mouse dental papilla cells, facilitates the odontoblast differentiation and mineralization, without altering the cell proliferation.