본 연구는 폐쇄형 식물공장에서 시금치 수경재배시 세가지의 인공광이 생육, 광합성 및 품질에 미치는 영향을 규명하기 위해 수행되었다. 세가지 광 처리구는 적색 (660nm), 청색 (450nm) 및 녹색 (550nm) LED를 사용하여, R660 / B450 = 4/1 (RBL), R660 / B450 / G550 = 5/2/3 (WWL); R660 / B450 / G550 = 1/1/1 (WL) 비율로 혼합하였고, 동일한 광도로 설정하였다 (PPFD = 190 μmol‧m-2 ‧s-1). 생육조사결과 초장, 엽수는 WL이 가장 적었다. SPAD, 순광합성율, Fv/Fm, LAI, 근권부 생육은 RBL이 가장 높았고 통계적으로 유의하였다. 줄기, 잎, 뿌리의 생체중, 뿌리의 건물중은 세가지 처리구에서 유의한 차이를 보였다. 대조적으로 WL의 칼륨의 함량은 WWL과 RBL 가운데 가장 높았지만, 반면 칼륨과 철의 함량은 RBL이 가장 높았다. 비타민C 함량도 시험구간 유의한 차이를 보였다. 질소와 옥살산 함량은 WL이 가장 높았고, 용해성 고체와 비타민C 함량은 RBL이 가장 높았다. 옥살산, 질소 함량은 WWL에서 감소하는 경향을 보였고, RBL의 옥살산 함량은 WL와 WWL과 차이가 없었다. 모든 처리구에서 Salmonella, E.coli.는 감염되지 않았다. 결론적으로, RBL이 시금치의 생육에 적합하지만, 적색, 청색과 적정하게 혼합된 녹색광은 시금치의 생육에 긍정적인 영향을 미친다고 판단된다.

The influx of marine exotic and alien species is disrupting marine ecosystems and aquaculture. Herdmania momus, reported as an invasive species, is distributed all along the coast of Jeju Island and has been confirmed to be distributed and spread to Busan. The potential habitats and distribution of H. momus were estimated using the maximum entropy (MaxEnt) model, quantum geographic information system (QGIS), and Bio-ocean rasters for analysis of climate and environment (Bio-ORACLE), which can predict the distribution and spread based only on species occurrence data using species distribution model (SDM). Temperature and salinity were selected as environmental variables based on previous literature. Additionally, two different representative concentration pathway (RCP) scenarios (RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5) were set up to estimate future and potential habitats owing to climate change. The prediction of potential habitats and distribution for H. momus using MaxEnt confirmed maximum temperature as the highest contributor (77.1%), and mean salinity, the lowest (0%). And the potential habitats and distribution of H. momus were the highest on Jeju Island, and no potential habitat or distribution was seen in the Yellow Sea. Different RCP scenarios showed that at RCP 4.5, H. momus would be distributed along the coast of Jeju Island in the year 2050 and that the distribution would expand to parts of the Korea Strait by the year 2100. RCP 8.5, the distribution in 2050 is predicted to be similar to that at RCP 4.5; however, by 2100, the distribution is predicted to expand to parts of the Korea Strait and the East Sea. This study can be utilized as basic data to effectively control the ecological injuries by H. momus by predicting its spread and distribution both at present and in the future.

At q = 1.81 ± 0.20 × 10-5, KMT-2018-BLG-0029Lb has the lowest planet-host mass ratio q of any microlensing planet to date by more than a factor of two. Hence, it is the first planet that probes below the apparent "pile-up" at q = 5-10 ×10-5. The event was observed by Spitzer, yielding a microlens-parallax πE measurement. Combined with a measurement of the Einstein radius θE from finite-source effects during the caustic crossings, these measurements imply masses of the host Mhost = 1.14+0.10-0.12 M⊙ and planet Mplanet = 7.59+0.75-0.69 M⊕, system distance DL = 3.38+0.22-0.26 kpc and projected separation a⊥ = 4.27+0.21-0.23 AU. The blended light, which is substantially brighter than the microlensed source, is plausibly due to the lens and could be observed at high resolution immediately.

In this work, the electrical explosion of wire in liquid and subsequent spark plasma sintering (SPS) was introduced for the fabrication of Ni-graphite nanocomposites. The fabricated composite exhibited good enhancements in mechanical properties, such as yield strength and hardness, but reduced the ductility in comparison with that of nickel. The as-synthesized Ni-graphite (5 vol.% graphite) nanocomposite exhibited a compressive yield strength of 275 MPa (about 1.6 times of SPS-processed monolithic nickel ~170 MPa) and elongation to failure ~22%. The hardness of Nigraphite composite had a value of 135.46 HV, which is about 1.3 times higher than that of pure SPS-processed Ni (105.675 HV). In terms of processing, this work demonstrated that this processing route is a novel, simple, and low-cost method for the synthesis of nickel-graphite composites.

In this research, a new medium-entropy alloy with an equiatomic composition of FeCuNi was designed using a phase diagram (CALPHAD) technique. The FeCuNi MEA was produced from pure iron, copper, and nickel powders through mechanical alloying. The alloy powders were consolidated via a high-pressure torsion process to obtain a rigid bulk specimen. Subsequently, annealing treatment at different conditions was conducted on the four turn HPT-processed specimen. The microstructural analysis indicates that an ultrafine-grained microstructure is achieved after post-HPT annealing, and microstructural evolutions at various stages of processing were consistent with the thermodynamic calculations. The results indicate that the post-HPT-annealed microstructure consists of a dual-phase structure with two FCC phases: one rich in Cu and the other rich in Fe and Ni. The kernel average misorientation value decreases with the increase in the annealing time and temperature, indicating the recovery of HPT-induced dislocations.

목적 : 본 연구는 스마트 기기 활용 역량이 스마트 기기 기반 국가시험 인식에 미치는 영향을 검증하는데 목적을 둔 실증적 조사연구이다. 방법 : 국가시험에 응시 예정인 안경광학과 전공 학생 60명을 대상으로 진행하였으며, 설문은 총 15문항으로 구성되어 있으며, Likert 5점 척도로 조사가 이루어졌다. 결과 : 스마트 기기 활용 역량 중 정보, 문서화 역량을 제외하고는 기록, 소통, 관리, 멀티미디어화 역량이 스마트 기기 기반 국가 시험 인식에 유의한 정적 상관관계가 나타났다. 또한, 스마트 기기 기반 국가시험에 대한 긍정적 인식은 46%이며, 스마트 기기 활용 역량 중 멀티미디어화 역량이 스마트 기기 기반 국가시험 인식에 유의한 영향을 미치는 변수로 나타났다. 결론 : 본 연구로 멀티미디어 문항개발 및 스마트 기기 기반 국가 시험 도입에 대한 타당성을 확보하고, 스마트 기기 기반 국가시험 체제의 문제점을 보완하여 국가시험을 준비하는 학생들에게 멀티미디어 문항이 포함된 스마트 기기 기반 국가시험이 신뢰할만한 시험이라는 긍정적 인식 변화에 영향을 미칠 것으로 사료된다.

비료는 작물 재배 및 생산성 증대를 위해 필수 농업자재이다. 식량안보 및 영양결핍 해소를 위해 베트남에서는 스마트 한 방법으로 농업의 혁신을 가속화하고 있다. 작물 생산의 주된 목적은 시장 요구에 맞는 안전한 농산물을 재배하는 것으로 본 논문에서는 작물 생산 측면에서의 베트남의 화학비료 및 유기비료에 대한 현황 등을 소개하였다. 1960년대부터 최근까지 베트남의 비료 역사와 작물 재배에 있어 화학비료와 유기비료의 현황 등을 소개하였다. 베트남에 서 대부분의 작물 재배에 있어 화학비료와 유기비료를 7:3의 비율로 사용하는 것을 권장하였다. 그러나, 무엇보다 토양, 기후, 작물 및 시장의 요구에 맞게 양분 균형을 이루어지게 활용하는 것이 중요하다고 제안하였다. 또한, 완효성 비료 등 차세대 글로벌 시장의 비료 산업에 대한 전망도 제안하였다.

본 연구는 Veronica속 20종의 생장 및 개화 특성을 평가하기 위해 2년 동안 국립수목원 식물자원연구과 육종온실에서 수행하였다. Veronica속 식물은 다양한 생장 및 개화 특성을 가지고 있었다. 꼬리풀 20종을 식물 형태 및 초장에 따라 분류하였다. 포복형의 10cm 미만 초장은 V. armena와 V. repens, 직립형 30cm 미만 초장은 V. gentianoides ‘Little blues’ 등 4종, 직립형 30~60cm 사이 초장은 V. gentianoides ‘Blue Streak’ 등 7종, 직립형 60cm 이상 초장은 V. incana 등 7종이었다. 대부분의 엽색은 초록색이었고 V. incana와 V. incana ‘Silbersee’는 잎에 흰 털이 있었다. 꽃대 수는 5.3개부터 80.7개, 화수는 4.5개부터 67.3개였고 개화일은 3월 초순부터 6월 중순이었다. 화서의 형태는 총상화서, 수상화서, 취산화서로 분류하였다. 화색은 보라색 13종, 분홍색 2종, 흰색 5종이었다. 2017년 모든 개체가 개화한 종은 3종으로 V. longifolia ‘Blue Shades’, V. spicata ‘Blue Bouquet’, V. subsessilis ‘Blue Pyramid’였고, 일부 개체만 개화한 종은 7종으로 V. armena, V. gentianoides ‘Little Blues’, V. longifolia ‘Alba’, V. prostrata ‘Nestor’, V. spicata, V. spicata ‘Alba’, V. spicata ‘Sightseeing’ 이었다. 모든 개체가 개화하지 않은 종은 10종으로 V. gentianoides ‘Blue Streak’, V. incana, V. incana ‘Silbersee’, V. longifolia ‘Pink Shades’, V. orchidea ‘Blue Fingers’, V. repens, V. schmidtiana, V. spicata ‘Blue Carpet’, V. spicata ‘Pink Goblin’, V. teucrium ‘Royal Blue’였다. 반면, 2018년에는 모든 종의 개체가 개화하였다.

After harvest, Dolcetto cut roses were immediately exposed to air for 0 (E-0), 1 (E-1), 2 (E-2), and 3 h (E-3) and then placed under tap water for recovery. We determined the effect of air exposure time on vase life, water relations, and gene expression of cut flowers. The results revealed that E-0 treatment exhibits a higher postharvest quality of cut flowers than others. E-3 treatment significantly decreased the vase l ife of c ut r oses d ue t o an early f ailure o f water relations, such as larger stomatal size, higher transpiration, shorter time maintaining positive water balance, and the bacterial proliferation. E-0 treatment significantly decreased water stress, maintained leaf chlorophyll fluorescence ratios, and extended the vase life of cut roses. The decrease in water stress of E-0 treated flowers may increase the expression of Rh-PIP2;1 and Rh-TIP in rose petals, resulting in maintained cell turgor and increased flower diameter of cut flowers. These results recommend that a non-exposed harvest can be used for the harvest s tage to improve the postharvest quality of cut flowers. Understanding the relationship between air exposure time and water relations of cut flowers will significantly help in developing distribution systems for assuring cut roses quality.

In the Fourth Industrial Revolution, digitally effective automatic tools in agriculture are being devised to produce food quickly. Therefore, it is essential to develop a deep understanding of digital technology and its features for the consideration of new relationships, arranged skills, and cultural economics to attain the best value for the consumption of agricultural products. Farmers play a crucial role in replacing traditional agricultural methods with new technologies in their fields. Experienced farmers can draw on the Internet of Things (IoT) to benefit from smart technologies, such as gateway data stores in light, humid, and pH sensors, and improve all sensor data daily in big sectors starting from their smart farms. This report focuses on the relationship between smart farms and IoT with new network knowledge and smart devices to benefit agriculture. This report hopes to support the farmers who intend to draw on the most recent advances in IoT-based smart farming against the backdrop of evolving sensors, tackling current

A 7-year-old, intact, female Siberian husky was presented to the Veterinary Medical Center of Chungbuk National University because of vomiting and diarrhea after a fight with a cohabiting dog. Physical examination, radiography, abdominal ultrasonography, and laboratory examination were performed. The dog was diagnosed with pyometra and 10% dehydration. On electrolyte, Na and Cl ion concentration were lower than normal values and Ca ion concentration was slightly lower than normal values. On blood chemistry, blood urea nitrogen and alkaline phosphatase value were extremely higher than normal values. Neutrophil was observed as hypersegmentation. On ultrasonography, enlarged uterine body was observed. Uterus was enlarged and filled with echogenic fluid that is seemed to be pus. Uterine horn was rubbing the bladder. In bacterial culture, the colony morphology was smooth, mucoid, and hemolytic. Also, on molecular diagnosis test, both samples from uterine and abdominal fluid were confirmed to be E. coli. This case describes that uterine pus was leakage to abdominal cavity through oviduct, and pus leakage from uterus may be cause septic peritonitis and death. Also, this case must be considered that physical event such as fight against cohabiting dog, strenuous exercise and kiss-off can cause uterine rupture or pus leakage through oviduct from uterus in dog with pyometra.

Background: The serratus anterior is one of the most important muscle for maintaining good scapular alignment in the shoulder joint. The pectoralis major and upper trapezius may also compensate for weak serratus anterior muscles. The push-up plus exercise has been identified as the optimal exercise for maximum activation of the serratus anterior. Objects: The purpose of this study was to examine differences in surface electromyography (EMG) activity of upper trapezius, pectoralis major, and serratus anterior muscles during push-up plus exercises on variously angled surfaces in subjects with winged scapula. Methods: Sixteen subjects with winged scapula (male=5, female=11) volunteered for this study. The subjects performed push-up plus exercise on four different tilt angles, namely 0˚, 30˚, 60˚, and 90˚. EMG activities in the serratus anterior, upper trapezius, and pectoralis major muscles during performance of push-up plus exercise were measured in all subjects. Data were processed from repeated measures one-way analysis of variance. Results: There was significant difference in the muscle activity of the serratus anterior on the different surface angles (p＜.05). The results of the post-hoc analysis showed significantly greater serratus anterior muscle activity on a surface at a 0˚ angle than at others tilt angles (p＜.05). There was also significant difference in the ratio of serratus anterior to upper trapezius and serratus anterior to pectoralis major across the four surfaces (p＜.05), and post-hoc analysis showed significantly greater values on the 0˚ surface than on other tilts (p＜.05). Conclusion: This study found that performing push-up plus exercises on a flat surface with 0˚ and 30˚ tilt angle achieves high activation of the serratus anterior muscle for selective strengthening. It can also take into account the sequential application, which is first performed at a 30˚ and at a 0˚ tilt angle for and effective but not excessive muscle activation.