A new vegetable peanut variety “Jaseon”(Arachis hypogaea ssp. fastigiata.) was developed at the Department of Functional Crop, NICS, in Milyang in 2011. It was developed from the cross between the Large grain cultivar “YG60” and the short stem cultivar “YG55”. “Jaseon” which is Shipung plant type has 43cm main stem length and 11 branch number per plant. Each pod has two grains with brown testa with long-ellipse shaped large kernel and dried 100-seed weight was 105g in the regional yield trials(RYT). The Sucrose and tannin content of fresh peanut are 25.0mg/g and 4.4mg/g, respectively. This variety also showed more resistant to late leaf spot, stem rot and lodging, compared with check variety, Palkwang. In the regional yield trials “Jaseon” was outyielded than check variety by 15% with 10.21MT/ha for fresh pod and by 11% with 4.37MT/ha for dried kernel.

This experiment was conducted to develop optimum sesame cultivation practices as succeeding cropping system of watermelon in the greenhouse condition. We also compared major components in sesame seed cultivated in the greenhouse and open field condition. The adaptable varieties under the greenhouse condition were white sesame 'Pyoungan' and black sesame 'Jinki' which showed higher yield and disease resistance. We also conducted several experiments to determine optimum sowing date, planting density and pinching time. Grain yields were statistically different according to the several sowing dates. In general, sesame sowing on June 30th showed higher grain yields than July 10th, July 20th and July 30th in the greenhouse. We also found out sesame cultivation practice with the row spacing of 40 cm and interplant spacing of 30 cm (a few branch type) or 40 cm (many branch type) showed higher yield than other treatments. Optimum pinching time was 25 days after first flowering in main stem when thousand seed weight and grain yield were highest. In the comparison of major components of sesame at the different cultivation conditions, sesame seeds cultivated in the greenhouse contained 4% much more oil content than open field condition. The lignan compounds, sesamin and sesamolin were also higher by 6% in the greenhouse than open field condition. It was concluded that sesame cultivation practices as succeeding cropping system of watermelon in the greenhouse condition guaranteed higher grain yield with less labor input which is now emerging alternative farming practice system in present aging rural society and will also give sesame cultivation farmers to increase net income in Korea.

The purpose of this study was to determine the free amino acid contents, total phenolic contents and antioxidant activity in raw Sesamum indicum seeds (cv. Kopum and cv. Mihuk) and their sprouts germinated for 7 days. Total free amino acid contents of sprouts (29.34±3.3 mg/g DW) were significantly higher than that of raw seeds (6.85±0.39 mg/g DW). All individual free amino acid, including asparagine, alanin, arginine, and leicine were significantly increased in the sesame sprout. And also germinated sprout significantly increased the total phenolic contents (2.2±0.3 mg GAE/g) that resulted in the increased DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) free radical scavenging capacity. Subsequently, two varieties of sesame and its sprouts were analyzed for their phenolic constituents using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Catechin, sinapic acid and salicylic acid were identified as the major phenolic acid presented in sesame sprout. However, the major biological constituents sesamin and sesamolin content were significantly decreased during germination.

The influenza neuraminidase (E.C. 3.2.1.18) is an antiviral target of high pharmaceutical interest because of its essential role in cleaving sialic acid residues from surface glycoproteins and facilitating release of virions from infected cell. In this context, polyphenolic compounds including luteolin, rosmarinic acid, and apigenin from Perilla frutescens were evaluated for their inhibitory effect on recombinant virus H1N1 neuraminidase. Among the test compounds, luteolin and rosmarinic acid inhibited the rvH1N1 neuraminidase with an IC50 of 8.4 and 46.7 μM, respectively. The inhibition kinetics analyzed by Dixon plots indicates that luteolin and rosmarinic acid are noncompetitive inhibitor and inhibition constant, Ki, were established as 14.3 and 43.9 μM, respectively. Subsequently, we also analyzed the rosmarinic acid and luteolin contents of 383 accessions of perilla seed germplasms by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The rosmarinic acid and luteolin contents of perilla seeds were ranged from 15.7 μg/g to 2,894.9 μg/g and from 1.6 μg/g to 949.1 μg/g, respectively.

The perilla [Perilla frutescens (L.)], which belongs to the family Lamiaceae, have been used as a not only important traditional source of oil but also used traditional herbal medicine for treating various disease including depression, anxiety, tumor, cough, bacterial and fungal infections, allergy, detoxication and some intestinal disorders in east asian countries. In this context, luteolin isolated from the P. frutescens inhibited the linoleic acid peroxidation catalyzed by soybean lipoxygenase-1 (EC 1.13.11.12, Type 1) with an IC50 of 5.0 μM. To investigate the inhibitory effect of luteolin on dioxygenase enzyme, we assayed soybean lipoxygenase-1 activity with the inhibitor. Soybean lipoxygenase-1 showed time-dependent inhibition in the presence of luteolin. Increasing luteolin concentrations led to the decrease in both the initial velocity (vi) and the steady-state rate (vs) in the progress curve. Thus luteolin showed a simple reversible noncompetitive slow-binding inhibition against soybean lipoxygenase-1 with kinetic parameter (k3 = 0.056 μM-1min-1, k4,= 0.006 μM-1min-1, Ki app = 0.106 μM).

A total of 162 accessions of Perilla germplasm collected from diverse habitats in South Korea. The oil content of the seeds varied from 19.8 to 49.6%, the average being 33.3%. Oil content showed wide ranges of variation. The fatty acid composition of the seed oil showed the following overall ranges: palmitic 4.5 to 8.1%, stearic 1.6 to 7.4%, oleic 13.4 to 23.6%, linoleic 9.5 to 19.5%, and linolenic acid 48.6 to 66.4%. No correlation was found between oil content and fatty acid composition. The results obtained in this study provide useful background information for developing new cultivars with a high oil content and different fatty acid. Several accessions could be used as parental lines in breeding programs aiming to increase perilla oil quantity and quality.

This experiment was conducted to develope optimum cultural system of sesame under greenhouse condition with the comparison of open field cultural condition. The relatively higher adaptable varieties under greenhouse condition were white sesame "Pyoungan" and black sesame "Jinki" which showed higher yield potential and disease resistance. To set up standardized cultural system under greenhouse condition, we conducted several experiments of optimum sowing date, planting density and pinching time etc. When it came to sow sesame seed soon after early cultivated crops were harvested, the yield potential was higher than those of other sowing dates. Therefore, "June 30th" was optimum sesame sowing date in the greenhouse cultivation system. We also found out the space of 40㎝ between rows and 30cm(a few branch type) or 40cm(many branch type) between plants was better than those of other treatments. Optimum pinching time was 25 days after first flowering date when 1000 seeds weight and yield potential showed higher than other treatments.

This experiment was conducted to develope optimum seedling quality for the sesame transplanting system. To determine optimum seedling quality condition, we conducted several experiments. At the optimum pot selection experiment for the sesame transplanting, plastic pot with 105 holes showed relatively better early growth status of sesame than those of other plastic pots with 72, 128, 164 and 200 holes. And the soil combination, 'Bunong + Plant World' which is mixed 50% respectively showed higher germination rate, lower disease and lodging rate than those of other nursery soils at the determination of optimum nursery soil mixtures. We also conducted one experiment to find out seedling duration for the optimum transplanting seedling quality. According to the result, the seedling stage with about 4 or 5 regular leaves which came to 40 days after sowing showed higher number of capsule per plant and yield potential. Those results will help to develop mechanized sesame seedling transplanting system to reduce labor and increase net income for the sesame cultivation farmers.

This experiment was conducted to select cultivar suitable for peanut sprout from general Korean peanut cultivars developed already. On sprouting peanut, it rapidly increase the content of trans-resveratrol that has effects on anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, blood-sugar-lowering and other beneficial cardiovascular in mouse. For this experiment we tested peanut sprout characteristics on 37 cultivars cultivated for 7 days at 26℃ temperature. The characteristics among cultivars showed the variations as follow: The range of 100 grain weight is 56 to 142, hypocotyl length 4.3 cm to 5.8 cm, diameter of hypocotyl 5.0 to 8.0 mm, epicotyl 0.8 cm to 4.6 cm, seedling ratio per seed number 84 % to 100 %, weight per seedling 4.9 g to 8.4 g, the rate of hypocotyl cleavage 0 % to 46 %, the content of trans-resveratrol 22.5 ㎍/g to 88.2 ㎍/g and sprout yield 360 % to 820%. We considered the selecting points as high sprout yield, high seedling rate, high resveratrol content, high low brownish cotyledon, no hypocotyl cleavage, and fat hypocotyl etc. Fortunately, the best cultivar "Jokwang" was selected on these conditions with 7.8 mm diameter, clean cotyledon color, 100 % seedling rate, 0 % hypocotyl cleavage, 63.3 ㎍/g resveratrol, and 820 % sprouting yield. This cultivar may use as new food and nutraceutical material.

A new peanut variety “eonan”(Arachis hypogaea ssp. hypogaea L.) was developed at the Yeongnam Agricultural Research Institute, NICS, in Milyang in 2007. It was developed from the cross between the erect short stem cultivar “P9128” and the high-yielding cultivar “aekwang” “eanan”which is Virginia plant type has 18 branch number per plant with early maturing and long-ellipse shaped large kernel. Each pod has two grains with brown testa and 100 seed weight was 87 g in the regional yield trials (RYT). Especially this variety has resistance to lodging owing to short stem. The free sugar and tannin content of fresh peanut are 3.7% and 0.48%, respectively, similar to check variety. In the regional yield trials “eonan”was outyielded than check variety by 14% with 8.59 MT/ha for fresh pod and by 7% with 3.75 MT/ha for grain.

A new peanut variety “ungsan”(Arachis hypogaea ssp. hypogaea L.) was developed at the Yeongnam Agricultural Research Institute, NICS, in Milyang in 2007. It was derived from a cross between a short stem cultivar “atonoka”and a high-yielding local cultivar “echeon” “ungsan”is the Virginia plant type. It has 18 branches per plant and 40 cm of main stem height. Each pod with long-ellipse shaped large kernel has two grains with light-brown testa and 100 seed weight was 95g in the regional yield trials (RYT). “ungsan”showed more resistant to web blotch compared with check variety. In the regional yield trials “ungsan”was outyielded in grain yield to the check variety by 16% with 4.45 MT/ha for grain.

간식용 대립 땅콩의 선호도가 높음에 따라 대립 양질 다수성 신품종 육성을 위하여 단경 다수성인 ‘CUP brittle’과 조숙인 ‘대광’를 인공교배하여 육성한 조평의 주요 특성을 요약하면 다음과 같다. 조평은 버지니아 초형으로 개화기가 빠르고 지상부 생장습성은 직립 단경 다분지성이다. 조평은 대광땅콩에 비해 성숙협수, 성숙협비율등 양호한 등숙특성을 보이며 100립중이 87g인 대립품종이다. 도복은 매우 강한 특성을 나타내며 갈반병, 그물무늬병, 흑반병에 비교적 강하고 낙엽율도 낮아 생육 후기까지 녹엽 유지에 유리하였다. 조평은 단백질이 30.9%, 기름함량이 43.1%이고 양질지방산중 올레산과 리놀산의 비율이 2.1로 산화안정성이 양호한 특성을 가진다. 조평은 3년간 지역적응시험 결과 대광땅콩에 비하여 전국평균 8.37ton/ha로서 11% 증수되었다. 조평은 개화가 빠르고 병해에도 강한 편이나 충분한 성숙을 위하여 강원도와 산간 고냉지를 제외한 지역에서 적응성이 높은 품종이다.