예이츠의 초기시는 낭만주의와 라파엘전파 시인들의 영향과 모드 곤을 비롯한 여러 여인들과의 관계에서 동기를 부여받은 연애시가 많다. 그러나 그의 사랑 의 갈망은 상대 여인의 반응과 그들이 처한 상황에 따라 이루어지지 못함으로써 좌절 과 상실감을 겪게 되고 시인은 그런 감정을 시 속에 투영하였다. 시인의 사랑의 갈망 을 계속 거절함으로써 시인에게 좌절과 상실감을 안겨준 모드 곤과 시인에게 여성의 따뜻함을 제공한 셰익스피어 부인과의 관계를 반영한 시편들이 초기시집인 『교차로』 와 『갈대밭에 부는 바람』에 실려 있다. 젊은 시인이 겪은 사랑의 갈구와 좌절은 그가 훌륭한 연애 시인이 되는 데 기여했다.
아일랜드 독립을 추구하는 방법으로 민족주의자들과는 달리 예이츠는 비폭력적이고 문화적인 방법을 취했다. 초기의 아르카디아와 인도를 소재로 한 작품에서 벗어나 고대 켈트족의 영웅 전설을 작품화한 장시『어쉰의 방랑』은 예이츠 문학 일생에서 중요한 전환점을 보여준다. 어쉰이라는 고대 켈트족 영웅 이미지를 완성하기 위해면서 예이츠는 세 가지 켈트적 요소를 도입하고 있다. 첫째로, 고대 아일랜드의 영웅의 일화를 다룸으로써 민족의 단합과 고대 켈트족의 가치 부활을 시도했다. 둘째로, 아일랜드의 자연을 부각시키면서 자연과 민족성 및 종교를 연관시키고 있다. 셋째로, 고대 아일랜드의 영광을 부활시키는 수단으로 음악성을 강조하고 있다. 요약하자면 켈트족 영웅인 주인공 어쉰에게 시인 자신을 투영시켜 조국 독립을 위한 민족의식을 고취시키려고 한 것이다. 예이츠는 사회적으로 중요한 역할을 했던 고대 켈트족 음영시인(바드)의 전통을 이어받아 용사이자 시인인 어쉰의 묘사와 예를 통해 조국을 재 건설하고 민족적 자존심을 되살리려고 시도하고 있다.
손끝은 최고의 촉각 센서이자 최고의 운동 기관이다. 많은 기술자들은 손끝의 감각에 의존하여 그들의 정확하고 숙련된 솜씨로 결과물을 만들곤 한다. 컴퓨터 게임 역시 섬세한 조작을 요구하는 분야임에도 불구하고 제작과 구현의 어려움 때문에 대부분의 게임 인터페이스들은 촉각이나 손이 나타내는 복잡한 표현들은 고려하지 않는다. 또한 VR이 빠르게 발전하고 있고 여러 종류의 가상 환경 몰입형 입력 장치들이 나타나고 있지만, 그들의 기술 수준은 게임 패드에 각종 센서가 추가된 정도에 머무르고 있다. 본 논문에서는 손가락의 위치를 통한 3D 인터페이스를 설계하는 방법론을 소개한다. 전통적으로 손을 인식하는 입력 방식에서는 주로 몇몇 제스쳐와 간단한 표현들을 인식하는데 그쳤으며, 상대적으로 미소한 손가락 관절의 움직임이나 손과 손 사이의 상호작용 등의 복잡한 제스쳐에 대해서는 전혀 고려하지 못하고 있다. 본 방법론은 이러한 표현들을 어떻게 구현할 것인지 제시하며, 손가락의 위치나 각도 등 복합적인 데이터를 계산하여 의미 있는 정보들을 도출해낼 수 있게 한다. 또한 실험을 위해 구현된 간단한 프로그램에서는 구체적으로 어떻게 작동하는지와 무엇을 표현할 수 있는지 보여준다. 이를 통해 3D와 몰입형 가상 환경에서 손이 나타내는 복잡한 표현들을 구현하는데 적용될 수 있을 것으로 예상된다.
We studied the infection rate of and various metacercariocidal approaches to controlling Gymnophalloides seoi for prevention of human infection in cultured and natural oysters in Korea. The selected survey areas were Aphae-do (Shinan-gun, Jeollanam-do), which is an endemic area for G. seoi, and Tongyeong (Geonsangnam-do), which is the main production area of oysters in Korea. In the Tongyeong area, the metacercariae of G. seoi were not detected in cultured oysters (0/201) or wild oysters (0/134). Seventy-two G. seoi metacercariae were observed in 33 of 265 natural oysters collected from Aphae-do; however, metacercariae were not detected in the cultured oysters (0/1101) purchased from the Daejeon Fish Market. To investigate the viability of G. seoi metacercariae, various metacercariocidal treatments were used with 3.5% saline and oyster juice used as positive controls. The metacercariae survived for 75.4 h in 3.5% saline and 112.6 h in oyster juice. After the metacercariocidal treatment, G. seoi metacercariae were survived for 13.29 min in tap water, < 20 sec in 4.3% vinegar, no effect in a rinse of the whole oyster body in 70°C water for 1 sec, but 1 sec in a rinse of the whole oyster body in 90°C water for 1 sec. The greatest metacercariocidal effect on G. seoi was from rinsing oysters in 90°C water followed by those from treatment with 20% ethyl alcohol, 4.3% vinegar, and tap water. However, we suggest that the most actual prevention to G. seoi human infection is rinsing the oysters with tap water for at least 30 min.
대형 유조선에서 유류의 선적이나 하역에 사용되는 장치인 COPT (Cargo Oil Pump Turbine) 가 매우 큰 형태이므로 이 터빈을 회전시키는 장치가 Rotor disc로서, 내부에 stator ring이 장착되어 있고 이 ring에는 많은 turbine blade가 riveting 방법에 의해 체결되어 있다. riveting 은 재래식 가공 방법으로서 정밀도와 작업자의 근 골격계 직업병 등 많은 문제점을 포함하고 있다. 이러한 문제를 해결하기 위해 riveting 체결방법을 조립방법으로 전환하여 링의 조립정밀 도를 향상하고 stator의 수명을 연장시킬 수 있다. 많은 turbine blade가 링의 중심점을 기준으로 원주상에 배열되어 있는 형태로서 조립을 위한 구조개선을 필요로 한다. 이런 목적을 달성 하기 위해서는 ring 구조를 결구 방식으로 변경하고 조립 후 COPT에 적용하였을 때 안전성이 보장되어야 한다. Stator 링의 모델링과 구조안전성에 대한 검증은 상용 software를 이용하여 결과를 도출한다.
Liquid crystals offer plenty of useful activities as improving the stability of emulsion, increasing moisturizing power, drug release, improving skin feeling and visual effect for cosmetics fields. In order to prepare stable semi-transparent gel emulsion, liquid crystal emulsification method was used. The emulsion stabilities of systems containing glycerin, fatty alcohols, surfactants, water and oil were investigated at various temperatures as time passed. The stabilities of all emulsions were evaluated by means of a polarizing microscope, SEM, rheometer, colorimeter and DSC. Even though the samples stored at 50℃ thermostatic chamber were occurred the reduction of hardness, turbidity and △H and the peak shift, the semi-transparent gel emulsion was very stable without separation between water and oils phase in emulsion
Mechanical components are to be produced with accurate dimensions in order to function properly in assemblies of a machine. Once designs of mechanical components are created, designers examine the designs by adopting many known experimental methods. A primary test method includes stress and strain evaluation of structural parts. In addition, fatigue test and vibration analysis are an important test method for mechanical components. Real experiments at a laboratory are established when products are manufactured. Since design changes should be done before producing the designs in factories, rapid modifications for new designs are required in production industries. FEM simulation is a proper choice for a design evaluation with speed at a detail stage in design process. This research focuses modeling and mechanical simulation of a mechanical component in order to ensure structural safety. In this paper, a universal joint, being used in driving axels of vehicles, is studied as a target component. A design model is created and tested in some ways by using commercial software of FEM. The designed component is being twisted to transmit heavy power and thus, torsional stress should be under strengths of the component’s material. The next is fatigue analysis to convince fatigue cycles to be within the endurance limit of the material. Another test is a vibration analysis for rotational components. This research draws final conclusions from these test analyses and recommends whether the designed model is under safety condition in terms of mechanical structure.
Rotor disc (로터 디스크)는 중대형 유조선에서 유류를 하역하는 장치인 COPT (Cargo Oil Pump Turbine)의 터빈을 고속으로 회전시키는 핵심 부품이다. 이 rotor disc는 중심 shaft에 여러 개의 turbine을 원주상으로 배열하고 체결하여 제작한다. 현재의 제작 방법으로는 turbine blade를 배열하고 shroud 덮개로 연결하여 riveting 방식으로 체결한다. 이런 고전적인 방법은 blade pitch의 불균일은 물론 작업 시 오류로 인해 blade에 손상이 가는 경우가 있다. 이러한 단점을 해결하기 위해서는 조립식의 rotor disc를 설계하여 제작방식을 변경해야 한다. 설계뿐만 아니라 조립식의 disc가 구조적으로 안정한지를 평가해야 한다. 본 논문은 blade의 설계와 이를 조립하였을 때에 구조안전성을 평가하기 위해 구조 해석하여 그 안전성을 검증 한다.
The objectives of this study were to determine in vitro dry matter and energy utilization of hatchery waste products and to confirm whether in vivo energy digestibility of hatchery waste products could be estimated using in vitro data. Two in vitro assays were conducted for infertile eggs, unhatched eggs, culled chicks, and a mixture(20% dried infertile eggs, 20% dried unhatched eggs, and 60% dried culled chicks). In Exp.1, in vitro dry matter disappearance (IVDMD) of hatchery waste products was determined. In Exp.2, in vitro energy disappearance (IVED) was determined using undigested residues from Exp.1. The IVDMD of infertile eggs, unhatched eggs, culled chicks, and the mixture were 81.7, 88.7, 83.9, and 85.4%, respectively. The IVED of the test ingredients were 74.4, 85.1, 77.6, and 79.8%, respectively. Both IVDMD and IVED were greater in unhatched eggs compared with infertile eggs and culled chicks (p<0.05). In vivo energy digestibility was estimated well using prediction equations for hatchery waste products developed in the present study: In vivo energy digestibility(%) = 2.52 × IVDMD (%) – 133.95 with r2 = 0.70 and in vivo energy digestibility(%) = 1.63 × IVED(%) – 50.03 with r2 = 0.67. In conclusion, energy utilization of unhatched eggs was the greatest among test ingredients and energy utilization of hatchery waste products can be estimated using data from in vitro procedures.
Modern manufacturing industries is to produce both precise and robust mechanical parts without failure while they are in service. In order to prevent a part failure for its lifetime, a mechanical design for a part should be examined on a basis of mechanical simulation. A nozzle plate, being a key part in steam engines, changes flow directions of steam in a turbine used in power plant. This paper is to the design and test for part safety and durability. Currently, nozzle plates are fabricated by welding nozzles to their plates. Welding causes some defects on the used materials while they are being manufactured. Another major defect is un-even pitches between welded nozzles. Welding causes phase changes because of high melting temperature of metal. This leads to decay on the welding spots, which weakens their structural strength and then, may lead to early damages on mechanical structures. This research proposes assembly-typed nozzle plate without welding. From the beginning, nozzle and plate are designed for insertion-typed assembly. Nozzle head and foot are designed in accordance with the grooves on outer ring and inner ring of a plate to make mating surfaces. Then the nozzle plate should be proved for structural and fatigue safety before they are put in manufacturing. This research adopts commercial softwares for modeling and mechanical simulation. The test result shows that the design with smaller mating area and deeper insertion produces higher safety in terms of structure and durability. From the conclusion, this paper proposes the assembly-typed nozzle plate to replace the welding typed.
This research explored antecedents of stickiness of m-commerce sites, based on the push–pull–mooring (PPM) framework, which was developed to explain what leads people to move from one original location to another. In the current study, the stickiness of m-commerce sites was used as the opposite concept to switching. Therefore, pull effects refer to the positive factors which make consumers stick to an m-commerce site, while push effects refer to the negative factors which make consumers not stick with an m-commerce site. After reviewing the literature, responsiveness, ubiquity, enjoyment, and effectiveness were selected as the pull effects, while privacy concern and efficiency were selected as the push effects. The amount of money spent in specific mobile sites was considered as a mooring effect. According to the results of the structural equation modeling analysis, efficiency actually had a negative impact on stickiness of m-commerce sites. Also, a test of the mooring effect suggested that the negative impact of efficiency on stickiness of m-commerce sites was greater for people who spent more money in their mobile shopping compared to those who spent less. For both the high and low spending groups, responsiveness was the important pull effect as it was the strongest predictor of enjoyment for the low spending group and the strongest predictor of effectiveness for the high spending group (note that enjoyment and effectiveness had the strongest positive impacts on stickiness of m-commerce sites for the low and high spending groups, respectively.). Therefore, the fast response and feedback on m-commerce sites should increase consumers’ stickiness to these sites regardless of the amount consumers spend on these sites. On the other hand, the duration and retention of the low spending group of consumers were influenced by enjoyment the most.
The Sasa quelpaertensis Nakai is a white band on the edge of the leaf, the branch is not split, the stem is small, and the shape of the node is different from that of the inland bamboo (Sasa borealis Makino).
It is known as a plant that is highly likely to be used as a resource plant. Various efficacy studies such as antioxidant, anti-obesity, antibacterial and antidiabetic activities have been conducted and developed as functional cosmetics and beverage products. Unfortunately there is little research on the suitability of the product.
In order to use S. quelpaertensis as a raw material for food or health functional food, S. quelpaertensis leaves were collected monthly for one year to prepared 70% ethanol extract(SQEP) and water extract(SQWP). After, the content of index component(p-coumaric acid) in SQEP and SQWP was analyzed by HPLC. For the study of the processing properties, the SQWP was prepared considering the content of the index component and extraction yield(%). Also, the stability of index component according to pH(2.5, 4.0, 6.0, 8.0, 10.0) condition and stability of index component according to temperature condition(25℃, 35℃, 40℃) were studied.
Through this process ability(properties) study, we suggest that the SQWP may be used as a product material of health functional foods.
Red meats are important animal foods because of their nutritional aspects, but the over-consumption of red meat produces reactive oxygen species (ROS) caused by heme iron and induces colorectal cancer. The effect of orally administered hemin and calcium provided in drinking water for 6 weeks on colon carcinogenesis was observed in male ICR mice. After the mice were acclimated for 1 week, they received three subcutaneous azoxymethane (AOM, 10 mg/kg b.w.) injections weekly and were provided with 2% dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) via drinking water for the next week. The mice were divided into three groups: the control, hemin, and hemin + calcium groups. The orally administered daily dose of hemin was 2 g/kg b.w., and 0.05% calcium was provided daily via drinking water. Colonic mucosa samples were stained with methylene blue, and then, the numbers of aberrant crypt (AC) and aberrant crypt foci (ACF) were counted. Lipid peroxidation in feces was estimated by thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) assay. The total numbers of AC and ACF per colon in the hemin group were significantly higher than those in the control group. Calcium treatment significantly decreased the numbers of ACF and AC in the colon of mice. The TBARS value in the feces of the hemin + calcium group was significantly lower than that in the feces of the hemin group. These results showed that hemin enhances the formation of pre-neoplastic lesions in the colon of mice and that calcium decreases the risk of colon carcinogenesis.