본 연구는 국내 자생하는 진달래속(Rhododendron) 종들의 종자 휴면유형 분류 및 발아특성 구명을 목표로 하였다. 진달래속 종들의 배는 형태적휴면(MD)이 없는 완전히 발달된 직선(linear) 형태였으며, 만병초 및 꼬리진달래 종자는 탈리 시점에 이미 휴면이 없는 것으로 밝혀졌다. 반면에 털진달래 종자는 population 수준에서 부분적으로 생리적휴면(PD)을 가지고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 털진달래의 이러한 생리적휴면 (PD)은 외생 지베렐린(GA3) 1,000mg･L-1 처리를 통해 타파될 수 있었다. 그러나 4℃에서의 저온층적처리는 털진달래 종자 휴면 타파에 효과가 없는 것으로 나타났다. 종합적으로 판단 했을 때, 진달래속(Rhododendron) 종들의 적정 발아 환경조 건은 광조건･25/15℃(만병초), 암조건･20/10℃(꼬리진달래), 광 조건･25/15℃(털진달래)로 확인된다. 진달래속(Rhododendron) 에서의 종간 차이(interspecific variation)로 인해 모든 종이 종자 휴면유형 또는 발아특성에서 구별이 되었다. 본 연구는 국내 자생하는 진달래속(Rhododendron) 종들의 생리･생태 특성을 이해하는 데 이용될 수 있을 것이다.

Myrosinases (thioglucosidases) catalyze the hydrolysis of a class of compounds called glucosinolates, of which the aglycones show various biological functions. It is often necessary to minimize the loss of myrosinase activity during thermal processing of cruciferous vegetables. Myrosinase was isolated from a popular spice, white mustard (Sinapis alba), and its thermal inactivation kinetics was investigated. The enzyme was extracted from white mustard seeds and purified by a sequential processes of ammonium sulfate fractionation, Concanavalin A-Sepharose column chromatography, and gel permeation chromatography. At least three isozymes were revealed by Concanavalin A-Sepharose column chromatography. The purity of the major myrosinase was examined by native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and on-gel activity staining with methyl red. The molecular weight of the major enzyme was estimated to be 171 kDa. When the consecutive step model was used for the thermal inactivation of the major myrosinase, its inactivation energy was 44.388 kJ/mol for the early stage of destruction and 32.019 kJ/mol for the late stage of destruction. When the distinct two enzymes model was used, the inactivation energy was 77.772 kJ/mol for the labile enzyme and 95.145 kJ/mol for the stable enzyme. The thermal inactivation energies lie within energy range causing nutrient destruction on heating.

We aimed to predict the Italian ryegrass (IRG) productivity change of introduced and domestic varieties based on climate factors and identify suitable areas for IRG cultivation using the RCP 8.5 scenario. The minimum mean air temperature in January showed the highest correlation with productivity. The ratio of possible and low productivity areas was high in Gangwondo, and the ratio of suitable and best suitable areas was relatively high in the central and southern regions in the past 30 years. The change in the IRG cultivation area was found to be 26.9% in the best suitable area between 1981–2010 but increased significantly to 88.9% between 2090s. In the IRG suitability comparison classes between domestic and introduced cultivars, the ratio of suitable and best suitable areas was relatively high in the domestic varieties during the past 30 years. However, there is almost no difference between the IRG domestic and introduced varieties in the IRG suitability classes after the 2050s. These results can predict changes in the IRG suitability classes between domestic and introduced cultivars according to the climate change scenario, but there are limitations in accurately predicting the productivity of IRG because the results may vary depending on other environmental factors.

농촌진흥청 국립원예특작과학원에서는 2018년 분홍색계 소 형 호접란 ‘Tiny Bell’을 육성하였다. 2010년 진분홍색 다화 성 소형 품종 Phalaenopsis ‘D07PN16’와 연분홍색 소형종 P. ‘D03PN22’를 모본과 부본으로 교배하였다. 2014년 생육이 우 수하고 화색, 화형, 꽃대수 등 개화 특성이 우수한 ‘10531-53’ 개체를 선발하여 기내 화경배양을 통해 증식하였다. 2014년부 터 2018년까지 1차, 2차특성검정을 통해 품종의 안정성과 균 일성을 확인한 후 ‘Tiny Bell’로 명명하였다. 이 품종은 밝은 보라빛 분홍색(RHS, PVGN80A)을 띄며, 가장자리에 백색무늬 를 가지는 것이 특징이다. 평피기 형태의 꽃은 길이와 폭이 각각 3.89, 4.01cm이며, 총상화서로 분지가 발생한다. 1개의 꽃대에 19.7개의 소화가 착생하여 꽃 수가 많이 달리는 다화 성이며, 꽃대 길이는 28.48cm정도이다. ‘Tiny Bell’은 생육시 잎이 수평으로 자라며 길이와 폭은 각각 13.1cm, 5.3cm였다. 신품종인 ‘Tiny Bell’은 소형 분화용으로 이용 가능할 것이다.

Colon cancer is known as the third most widespread cancer in the world. The interaction of heme-iron and ascorbic acid (AA) in colon carcinogenesis is not evident. Hemin (ferric chloride heme) is an iron-containing porphyrin with chlorine that can be formed from a heme group. The purpose of this study was to investigate the protective effect of AA on the formation of pre-neoplastic lesions induced by azoxymethane (AOM)/dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) plus hemin in mice. Forty-five ICR male mice were divided into three experimental groups; AOM/ DSS treatment (control group), hemin (2 g hemin/kg of b.w.), hemin + AA (1.0% in drinking water). The mice had three s.c. injections (0–2nd weeks of the experiment) of AOM (10 mg/kg b.w.) weekly and 2% DSS as drinking water for the next one week and the animals fed on AIN-76A purified rodent diet for 6 weeks. The numbers of aberrant crypt foci (ACF) and aberrant crypts (ACs) in colonic mucosa were counted after methylene blue staining. Lipid peroxidation in feces was measured by the thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) assay. The numbers of ACF and ACs per colon significantly increased in Hemin group compared to the control group. However, the numbers of ACF and ACs per colon notably decreased in hemin + AA group compared to the control group or hemin group (p<0.05). In feces, the TBARS value of hemin group was higher than the control group (p<0.01). The TBARS value of hemin + AA group was slightly decreased compared to Hemin group. These results indicate that hemin can promote the experimental colon carcinogenesis in ICR mice. On the other hand, additional supplement of AA via drinking water has a protective effect against the colon carcinogenesis. The related mechanisms need to be illustrated by further studies in future.

Globally, colon cancer is increased gradually and known as one of the major causes of cancer death. Stevia, a substitute of sugar, is known to have many components including alpha-tocopherol and anthocyanin etc, as antioxidants. This study's purpose is to investigate whether stevia plant extract can have a protective effect against colon carcinogenesis induced by azoxymethane (AOM) and dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) in mice. Total 30 male ICR mice were divided into 2 groups; AOM/DSS treatment (control group), AOM/DSS + stevia extract (0.5%, in drinking water). After acclimation for 1 week, five weeks old mice received three intraperitoneal AOM (10 mg/kg b.w.) injections weekly for 3 weeks (0–2nd weeks of the experiment) and 2% DSS as drinking water for the next one week. AIN-76A purified rodent diet and 0.5% stevia extract water were supplied to the animals for 6 weeks. The colons of mice were collected and the number of aberrant crypt foci (ACF) and aberrant crypts (ACs) in colonic mucosa were counted after staining with methylene blue. Malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration in feces were determined. The numbers of ACF and ACs were significantly (p<0.01) decreased in stevia-treated group compared with the control group. The MDA concentration in feces was also significantly (p<0.01) decreased in stevia-treated group compared with the control group. In histopathology of colonic epithelium, hyperplasia of colonic epithelium was less observed in steviatreated group. These results indicate that stevia has a protective effect against colon carcinogenesis induced by AOM/DSS in mice and further study needs to illustrate the protective mechanisms.

농가 선호도가 높은 진적색 비모란 선인장 ‘Aul’(Gymnocalycium mihanovichii ‘Aul’) 품종은 황적색 ‘0809067’계통을 모본으로, 진적색 ‘0828039’ 계통을 부본으로 하여 2012년 7월 7일에 계통간 교배하여 육성된 교배종이다. 어린 비모란 선인장을 2013년까지 삼각주에 2번 접목하여 계통을 양성하였으며 2014년부터 2016년까지 총 3회에 걸쳐 생육특성을 조사하였다. ‘Aul’ 품종의 모구는 편원형 모양과 적색 구색(R44A)이다. 모구는 평균 9.7개의 능(rip), 3.0mm의 짧은 직립형 회색 가시, 혹(tubercle)이 돌출된 형태였다. 10개월 후 ‘Aul’ 품종의 구직경은 46.9mm였으며 황적색(R44A+Y9A) 자구는 평균 16.4개가 생성되었다. ‘Aul’ 품종 모구의 능마다 황적색의 자구가 1~2개가 착생되며, 형태적으로 균형미가 있다. 2016년 육성계통 평가회에서 ‘Aul’ 품종은 기호도 점수 3.8을 받았다. 2018년 5월 16일에 이 품종은 국립종자원에 등록되었으며 종 자산업법에 의해 품종보호(등록번호 7195)를 받는다.

In this study, antibody responses after vaccination against equine influenza were investigated among 1,591 horses in the Republic of Korea using the hemagglutination inhibition (HI) test. Equine influenza has not occurred since 2011 and a commercial vaccine against H3N8 has been used. The equine influenza virus, A/equine/South Africa/4/03 (H3N8), was used as the antigen in the HI assay. The mean seropositive rate was 90.5% in 2019. Except for stallion whose seropositive rate was 78.5%, all seropositive rates of other horse types were over 90%. Regionally, except for Gangwon-do and Jeju-do whose seropositive rates were 89.0% and 87.1%, all seropositive rates in other provinces were over 90%. In the future, more through vaccination against equine influenza needs to be done based on this investigation result.