Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN) with bright radio jets oer the opportunity to study the structure of and physical conditions in relativistic out ows. For such studies, multi-frequency polarimetric very long baseline interferometric (VLBI) observations are important as they directly probe particle densities, magnetic eld geometries, and several other parameters. We present results from rst-epoch data obtained by the Korean VLBI Network (KVN) within the frame of the Plasma Physics of Active Galactic Nuclei (PAGaN) project. We observed seven radio-bright nearby AGN at frequencies of 22, 43, 86, and 129 GHz in dual polarization mode. Our observations constrain apparent brightness temperatures of jet components and radio cores in our sample to > 108:01 K and > 109:86 K, respectively. Degrees of linear polarization mL are relatively low overall: less than 10%. This indicates suppression of polarization by strong turbulence in the jets. We found an exceptionally high degree of polarization in a jet component of BL Lac at 43 GHz, with mL  40%. Assuming a transverse shock front propagating downstream along the jet, the shock front being almost parallel to the line of sight can explain the high degree of polarization.

-최근 들어 도심 내 강우 시 발생하는 빗물은 다양한 유형의 오염원인 비점오염원을 포함하고 있어 도심 내 건전한 물순환 및 하천과 호수의 수질악화의 주요한 원인으로 인식되고 있다. 본 디자인 논문의 목적은 과거 장치시설 중심에서 벗어나 공원이나 토지이용 등의 비구조적 관점으로의 빗물관리 패러다임 전환의 의미를 담고 있는 커뮤니티 빗물공원의 디자인 원칙을 제시하는 것이다. 디자인개념 수준으로 전개된 커뮤니티 빗물공원의 디자인 원칙은 8가지로 정리할 수 있다: (1) 도시빗물에서 처리해야할 오염원 선별, (2) 초기강우현상에 집중, (3) 빗물 처리과정에서의 부유물 회수, (4) 효과적 초기강우 처리를 위한 초기강우 외 빗물의 월류 유도, (5) 강우유출수와 저류용량 산정, (6) 침전물의 효과적 제거를 위한 침전물 저류지 디자인, (7) 비점오염원 처리를 위한 습지 조성, (8) 처리된 빗물에 대한 산소공급. 본고에서 제시한 빗물공원 디자인 원칙은 최근 대안적 빗물관리시스템으로 논의되는 빗물공원 디자인 시 참고자료가 될 것으로 사료되며 빗물공원에 대한 관심증대는 비구조적 관점으로의 빗물관리체계로의 패러다임 전환을 유도할 것으로 전망된다.

This study compared the development, reproduction, and DNA damage in insecticide (acequinocyl, bifenazate, and etoxazole)-resistant (AR, BR, and ER) and -susceptible (S) strains of Tetranychus urticae by electron beam irradiation. When eggs were irradiated with 150 Gy, the egg hatching was completely inhibited in all strains. When nymphs were irradiated, their emergence rate was decreased with increasing doses of electron beam irradiation. When adults were irradiated, the longevity and the number of eggs was not affected at all target dose in all strains. However, hatchability of F1 generation was perfectly inhibited at 400 Gy in all strains. The DNA damage caused by electron beam irradiation was evaluated by an alkaline comet assay. These results suggest that electron beam irradiation induced abnormal development and reproduction in S, AR, BR, and ER strains of T. urticae.

This study was carried out to investigate comparision anaylsis of metabolites in mandarin leave inoculated by Elsinoe fawcetii. For the analysis of metabolites, we performed using by UPLC-MS spectrometry in gradient eluent condition by acetonitrile and water. Flow rate was 0.4ml/min. Instruments conditions were followed by detection ion mode(positive ion), scan range(MS:m/z100-1000), spray voltage (4kV) ,capillary voltage(35v), capillary temp(300℃). Several flavones were detected in inoculated pathogen compared to control.

Three edible mushrooms; "Gumbit"(Pleurotus cornucopiae var. citrinopileatus) and Noeul"(Pleurotus salmoneostramineus) and Tricholoma spectabilis which are widely distributed in China, Japan and Korea. For the study of anti-aging activities, we were performed on adriamycin-induced cellular senescence model. Human dermal fibroblasts(HDFs) and human umbilical endothelial cells(HUVECs) treated with adriamycin for inducing aging were used for cytotoxicity and senescence-associated beta-galactosidase(SA-β-gal) activity assay.

Cordyceps militar is (Clavicipitales) is an edible mushroom which is widely distributed in China, Japan and Korea. Various phytochemical constituents, cordycepin, homocitrully laminoadenosine and sterols have been reported from this source and a wide range of biological activities, including antimicrobial, macrophage activation, anticancer, immune modulatory effects were studied. In a continuing search for bioactive constituents from Korean mushrooms, we performed a phytochemical investigation of the MeOH extract from the fruiting bodies of C. militaris. By repeated column chromatographic separation of the extract, fourteen compounds, were isolated. The identification and structural elucidation of the compound was based on NMR spectral data. anti-aging activities were performed on adriamycin-induced cellular senescence model. Human dermal fibroblasts(HDFs) and human umbilical endothelial cells(HUVECs) treated with adriamycin for inducing aging were used for cytotoxicity and senescence-associated beta-galactosidase(SA-β-gal) activity assay.

Limited success of somatic cell nuclear transfer(SCNT) is attributed to incomplete reprogramming of transferred donor cell. Several approachs, such as histone deacetylase inhibitors and DNA methyltransferase inhibitors have been used to improve the efficiency of somatic cell nuclear transfer. Recently, it is reported that pre-treatment of somatic cells with undifferentiated cell extract, such as embryonic stem cell and mammalian oocytes is an attractive alternative ways to reprogramming control. The aim of this study was to evaluate the early development of porcine cloned embryos produced with porcine ear skin fibroblasts pre-treated with extract from porcine induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC). For transport of porcine iPSC extract into cultured porcine ear skin fibroblasts, the ChariotTM reagent system was used. Treated cells were cultured for 3 days, and used for the analysis of histone H3K9 acetylation and SCNT The acetylation status of H3K9 was increased in cells treated with iPSC extract and cultured for 3 days compared with control. But, no significant difference was observed between the extract treated and control groups. After SCNT. no difference was observed in the rate of fusion (86.6% vs 86.2%) and embryo cleavage (86.6% vs 87.1%) between the extract treated and control groups. Also, no significant difference was noted in blastocyst rates (23.4% vs 28.4%) as well as cell numbers (43.8±10.8 vs 41.2±11.6) with extract treated group compared with control group. Overall apoptosis rate in blastocyst was not differences between the extract treated and control groups (4.6±3.5% vs 6.0± 5.8%). However, blastocyst rate with high apoptotic cells(>10% appototic cells) was significantly lower in extract treated group when compared with control group (7.1% vs 21.8%).. Our results demonstrated that pre-treatment of porcine ear skin fibroblasts using porcine iPSc extract had beneficial effect on the decreasing apoptosis in the blastocyst cultured in vitro, although there was no effect on the embryonic development.

This study was carried out to investigate anticancer activities fruiting body extracts and fractions of Cordyceps militaris. Fruiting body of this mushroom was extracted using by 80% MeOH. Fractionations of these extracts were performed by n-hexane, methylene chloride, ethyl acetate, n-BuOH. AGS(human gastric cancer line) was cultured in media conditions (10% FBS, 1% Penicillin-Streptomycin in RPMI). Anticancer activities of each fractions of Cordyceps militaris were examined by using MTT, Cell titer Glo.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of handicraft activities on hand promptness and grasp in the elderly. Subjects were comprised of 14 senior citizens between the ages of 70-85, with 7 subjects in the experiment group and 7 in the control group. Subjects in the experiment group practiced various handicrafts twice a day, while those in the control group did not participate in any special activity. The Jebsen Taylor Hand Function Test was used to evaluate the results, while a dynamometer and pinch gauge were used to measure hand promptness and grasp. The 7 senior citizens in the experiment group were able to increase their hand promptness and grasping skills. Conclusively, handicrafts can help improve hand promptness and grasp in the elderly. Furthermore, the development and improvement of such skills can have a positive influence on the daily lives of senior citizens. Such skills are expected to improve the overall neuro-function in the elderly population.

A bacterium was isolated from feces of Allomyrina dichotoma larva that feeds on well-rotted sawdust of woods. The isolate was identified as a Gram-positive and spore-forming stain. We named the isolate as Bacillus amyloliquefaciens on the basis of morphological and biochemical properties as well as 16S rRNA gene sequences. The culture of bacteria beneficially increased root and shoot growth of tomato, pepper and cucumber plants compared to the distilled water control. In addition, the bacterial culture strongly inhibited the mycelial growth of several fungal phytopathogens. The drop collapse assay with this culture showed a surfactant activity that is a major indicator for the selection of biocontrol agent. Also, a bacterium has ability of wastewater treatment. These data demonstrate the potential application of B. amyloliquefaciens as a biocontrol agent.

This study was carried out to investigate neuronal protective activity of fruiting body of Hericium erinaceum. In order to search the effective active compound against amyloid beta peptide-induced oxidative stress on neuronal cells, rat pheochromocytoma cells (PC12), Extracts of Hericium erinaceum were screened and evaluated using both the 2’,7’-dichlorofluorescin diacetate assay (DCF-DA), and 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. According to above assays, Solvent partitions of extracts were selected for further purification and isolation of anti-Alzheimer’s disease compound as it exerted the highest protective effects against hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced oxidative stress.

The working mechanism of bisphosphonate on bone cells is unclear despite its powerful inhibitory activity on bone resorption. The differentiation and activation of osteoclasts are essential for bone resorption and are controlled by the stimulatory RANKL and inhibitory OPG molecules. Teeth exhibit a range of movement patterns during their eruption to establish their form and function, which inevitably accompanies peripheral bone resorption. Hence, the mandible, which contains the teeth during their eruption processes, is a good model for revealing the inhibitory mechanism of bisphosphonate upon bone resorption. In the present study, RANKL and OPG expression were examined immunohistochemically in the mandible of rats with developing teeth after alendronate administration (2.5 mg/kg). The preeruptive mandibular first molars at postnatal days 3 to 10 showed the developing stages from bell to crown. No morphological changes in tooth formation were observed after alendronate administration. The number of osteoclasts in the alveolar bone around the developing teeth decreased markedly at postnatal days 3, 7 and 10 compared with the control group. RANKL induced strong positive immunohistochemical reactions in the dental follicles and stromal cells around the mandibular first molar. In particular, many osteoclasts with strongly positive reactions to RANKL appeared above the developing mandibular first molars at postnatal days 3 and 10. Immunohistochemical reactions with RANKL after alendronate administration were weaker than the control groups. However, the immunohistochemical reactivity to OPG was stronger after alendronate administration, at postnatal days 3 and 10. These results suggest that alendronate may decrease bone resorption by regulating the RANKL/OPG pathway in the process of osteoclast formation, resulting in a delay in tooth eruption.

This study was carried out to investigate characteristic pattern of fruiting body of Ganoderma lucidum and their antioxidant activity. Mycelia of all strains were firstly inoculated into potato dextrose agar(PDA) and then transfered to a media of saw dust which contained 20% rice bran. These mycelia of saw dust were then inoculated into oak tree in polyethylene bags which has been sterilized for 8h at 120℃. The polyethylene bags were sent to a growth room for growth of fruit bodies. Antioxidant activities of each fruiting body were examined by using DPPH(α,α-diphenyl-β-picrylhydrazyl).

Recently, Ussur brown katydid outbreaks caused a serious pest problem in areas of Yeongdong, Chungbuk. This study was performed to control the pest with environment-friendly method. Trap was made of PET plastic bottles that easily found near farmhouse. Attractant materials such as oak (Quercus acutissima) leaf, fruits (peach, apple, grapefruit and pear) sarcocarp or its juices, rice wine (makgeolli) and fish meal were directly applied into the manufactured trap and investigated for the attraction efficacy compared with the funnel trap. During one day, manufactured trap (fish trap) attracted the Ussur brown katydid more than funnel trap. The efficacy of attractant materials were as follows: peach juice (32.7 adults)> rice wine+fish meal (31.3 adults) > rice wine (27.0 adults) > pear juice (19.0 adults) > apple juice (17.2 adults) > fish meal (16.7 adults) > grapefruit juice (14.4 adults) > oak leaf (2.3 adults). The attractive efficacy of fruit juices to ussur brown katydid was more than fruit carcocarps, and the trap hangover 1m in height more than that on ground. The composition of rice wine and fish meal prolonged its efficacy when treated with disinfectant.

This study was performed to investigate the toxicity of 39 registered insecticides to the susceptibility, systemic effect, and residual effect and control effect against Pine sawyer beetle, Monochamus saltuarius. Eleven kinds of chemicals such as fenitrothion, fenthion, phenthoate, phosphamidon, dinotefuran, actamiprid, clothianidin, thiacloprid, thiamethoxam, esfenvalerate + fenitrothion, and fipronil were showed 100% insecticidal activity both in body spray and twig dipping bioassay. Among these chemicals, fenitrothion and fenthion were showed 100 % insecticidal activity when sprayed at 4000 times diluted solutions, and phenthoate, thiacloprid, thiamethoxam and fipronil were showed 100% insecticidal activity when sprayed at 2000 times diluted solution. Root systemic effect was showed 100% mortality in phosphamidon, clothianidin, thiamethoxam, and 77.7% in thiacloprid. In residual effect, fenitrothion and thiamethoxam were showed 80% mortality fifteen days after treatment (DAT), and fenthion, phosphamidon, clothianidin were showed 80% mortality ten DAT, fenitrothion, thiamethoxam, fipronil showed 100% mortality in seven DAT, thiacloprid was showed 100% mortality in three DAT. Fenthion and phenthoate were showed 100% mortality one DAT. In the control effect, 6 kinds of chemicals were showed 100% mortality one DAT and all chemicals showed 100% mortality three DAT.

Pine sawyer beetle, Monochamus saltuarius preferred the feed on fresh twig of Korean white pine trees (Pinus koraiensis) than one-year old and two-year twig. It means that the current twig is appropriate to increase the lifespan and reproduction of this insect. In a bioassay after fractionated the hexane layer from the water layer, the hexane layer did not show feeding response; however, the water layer was preferred in the order of fresh twig>one-year twig>two-year old twig. By HPLC analysis, we identified three kinds of sugar, namely, fructose, sucrose, glucose. The quantity of fructose was the highest in fresh twig followed by one-year and two-year old twig. In the preference test using each standard sample, the order was fructose>sucrose>glucose at 10, 30 μg/filterpaper, and fructose>sucrose >glucose at 50μg/filterpaper. From the above result, fructose plays an important role as a feeding stimulant for pine sawyer adult.