PURPOSES: The objective of this study is to evaluate the structural capacity of asphalt pavement in subsurface cavity sections using falling weight deflectometer (FWD) backcalculation method. METHODS: It is necessary to analyze the reduction of structural capacity in asphalt pavements due to the occurrence of subsurface cavities. The FWD testing was conducted on the cavity and intact asphalt pavement in the city of Seoul. The GAPAVE, backcalculation program for FWD deflections, was utilized to determine the layer moduli in asphalt pavements. The remaining life of asphalt pavements in cavity sections were predicted using the pavement performance model for fatigue cracking. The backcalculated layer moduli between cavity and intact sections were compared to determine the reduction of structural capacity due to subsurface cavity. The relationship between the reduction of layer modulus and cavity depth/length was analyzed to estimate the effect of cavity characteristics on the structural capacity degradation. RESULTS: According to the FWD backcalculation results, the modulus of asphalt layer, subbase, and subgrade in cavity sections are generally lower than those in intact sections. In the case of asphalt layers, the backcalculated modulus in cavity section was reduced by 50% compared to intact section. A study for the prediction of remaining life of cavity section shows that the occurrence of subsurface cavity induces the decrease of the pavement life significantly. It is found that there is no close relationship between the backcalculated modulus and cavity length. However, the reduction of asphalt layer modulus is highly correlated with the cavity depth and was found to increase with the decrease of cavity depth. CONCLUSIONS : This reduction of structural capacity due to the occurrence of cavities underneath asphalt pavements was determined using FWD backcalculation analysis. In the future, this approach will be utilized to establish the criteria of road collapse risk and predict the remaining life of cavity sections under numerous varied conditions.

Serratia marcescens 2354(ATCC 25419) 균주로부터 추출한 붉은 색소는 prodigiosin (PG) 이었고, 이를 methanol에 녹여 자외선 및 가시광선 흡수 스펙트라를 측정한 결과 537 nm의 최대흡수파장 (λmax)을 갖는 산성용액에서의 전형적인 PG의 흡수 스펙트라이었다. 또한 methanol 용액에서 PG의 농도를 1.0 × 10-5 M에서 9.0 × 10-5 M로 증가시키면, 537 nm의 흡수강도는 증가하고 467 nm의 흡수강도는 감소하였으며, 500 nm에서 isosbestic point가 관측되었다. 이러한 현상은 537 nm와 467 nm가 각각 산과 염기용액에서의 PG 흡수대이고, 500 nm의 isosbestic point 등을 고려하면 가역적 산- 염기 평형반응에 의한 결과라고 볼 수 있다. 한편 pH, 4.75의 acetic acid 완충용액에서 PG의 농도를 6.0 × 10-4 M에서 1.0 × 10-4 M로 감소시키면 500 nm에서 λmax를 가지는 새로운 흡수대가 나타 난다. 이 흡수대는 pH 4.75의 수용액에서만 나타나는 것으로 같은 pH의 순수한 methanol 용액에서는 나타나지 않는다. 이는 PG 분자가 H2O에 의해 α-이성질체에서 β-이성질체로의 전환에 기인하는 것 이다. 즉 PG의 색변화는 용액의 농도 및 용매의 특성에 의해서도 일어날 수 있음을 확인하였다.