1970~1988년의 19개년간 한국 남해안에서 어획된 멸치의 어황조사 자료와 해황조사 자료를 토대로 멸치 기선권현망의 어장형성과 어황변동에 관하여 분석하였으며, 그 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 멸치 기선권현망어업의 어획량은 1970년에 21, 000M/T에 불과하였으나 그 후 크게 증가하여 최근에는 10만 M/T 내외의 어획량을 나타내고 있으며, 주대상어종은 멸치로서 이 한 종이 전체 어획물의 98% 이상을 차지하고 있다. 2. 멸치 기선권현망어업의 어기는 1월~3월, 7월~12월까지이며, 이 중 성어기는 7월~12월(최성어기: 8월)이고 한어기는 1~3월로 나타났으며, 어장은 여수해협으로부터 남해연안을 거쳐 방어진 사이의 해역에서 형성되나 계절별로 다소의 변동을 하고 있다. 3. 멸치의 춘계(4~6월) 산란군의 어획량(X)과 추계(7~12월) 어획량(Y)과의 사이에는 Y=62,246+1.30X, r=0.63의 관계식으로 나타나므로서 멸치의 춘계 산란군의 양과 추계 멸치 기선권현망의 어황사이에는 정의 상관관계가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 4. 멸치 기선권현망어업의 어황 풍.흉은 해양구조와도 밀접한 관계가 있는 것으로 나타났는데, 멸치의 중심 어장인 남해 중동부 해역과 동해남부 및 남해서부해역의 수온이 심한 차이를 보이므로서(수온표준화지수 FI는 남해 중동부 해역이 -50~-150) 수괴의 분리 현상이 나타나거나 수온전선이 연안측 가까이에서 형성될 때 해황이 좋은 것으로 나타났으며, 또 최성어기인 8월에는 수온약층이 20~22℃의 수온대를 중심으로 10m에서부터 20m 이내의 수층에 조밀하게 형성 될 때 좋은 어장이 형성되는 것으로 나타났다. 한편 불황을 보인 해에는 남해 중동부 해역에서 현저한 저수온(FI=-50~-150)을 보이거나 해역간의 수온 분포가 동질적이어서 수괴의 분리현상이 나타나지 않았으며, 또 8월의 수온약층도 30m보다 깊은 수층에서 나타났다.

본 연구는 눈다랭이류 위주의 조업을 위한 어장선정의 자료를 제시하고자 태평양, 대서양 및 인도양의 다랭이 연승어업 어획통계자료를 이용하여 데이터베이스를 작성하였다. 사용된 자료는 국립수산진흥원에서 1975년부터 1987년까지 발행한 13년간의 한국 원양 다랭이 연승어업 어획통계자료 및 어장도이며, 데이터베이스는 16비트 개인용컴퓨터를 사용하여 시스템을 구성하였다. 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1) 본 데이터베이스 프로그램을 기동한 후 메뉴화면의 요청에 따라 대양과 데이터형을 선택하면, 먼저 대양의 지도가 칼라모니터에 그려지고, 경위도 5˚구획의 각 해구에 투입낚시수, 조획율 및 눈다랭이 조획비율 등이 표시되므로 어장선정을 위한 판단자료를 동시에 검색할 수 있다. 2) 조획율 예측은 어느 지정된 해역의 월별변동의 자료로부터 최소자승법에 의해 지정된 월의 예측조획율을 구하고, 연도별변동의 자료로부터 지정된 년의 예측조획율을 구해서 이들 둘을 산술평균해서 구하였다. 실제와 예측치를 비교해 본 결과 예측결과가 실제에 비교적 근접되어 나타나서 본 데이터베이스에 의한 예측이 가능한 것으로 판단되었다. 3) 눈다랭이의 어획비율, 어가 및 어체중량에서 볼 때 앞으로 눈다랭이 위주로의 심층조업이 연승어업의 경영개선에 도움이 될 것으로 판단된다.

현재 보편적으로 사용하고 있는 재식성안강망 그물은 본 연구의 제1보에서 그 1/20 크기의 모형어구를 측정.조사한 결과, 몇 가지 흠함이 규명되었으나, 여기서는 그 흠함을 보완하기 위하여 망지배치와 구성을 새로하고, 그 1/20크기의 모형어구를 써서 전개장치를 측정.관찰한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 새로 설계된 어구의 특징은 (1) 망지배치는 등판.밑판.양 옆판의 앞끝을 재뢰식보다 20%정도 줄이고, 옆구리의 폭을 10%정도 늘였으며, 등판.밑판의 앞쪽 중앙부는 길이의 20%정도까지 만곡되게 사단했다. (2) 뜸줄.발줄의 길이는 망지배치상 재뢰식보다 6%정도 짧게 했다. (3) 그물의 네모서리에서 적당한 성형을 하면서 힘줄을 붙였다. (4) 전개장치의 높이는 재뢰식보다 17%정도 짧게 했으며, 상단에 붙이는 뜸의 부력은 20%정도 크게 했다. (5) 네갈랫줄의 길이는 중앙부의 것을 길게, 상하의 것을 짧게 했다. 2. 이 어구로서 측정한 결과는 (1) 등판.밑판 앞쪽 중앙부의 구김살이 제거되어 상면에서 본 그물 언저리 선이 원활해 졌다. (2) 망구의 전개 높이는 재뢰식보다 3%정도 커졌다. (3) 망구의 전개간격은 재뢰식보다 1.5~1.6배로 커졌다. (4) 유체저항은 재뢰식보다 10~17% 작아졌다

The authors analyzed the daily catch data which were obtained from two different regions at the Southern Sea in Korea, Neungpo, Geoje island and Yangwhagum, Namhae island, during three or four years in 1978, 1981-1985, in order to know the fishing characteristics of the set net fisheries. The favorable fishing season was summer in the southern sea. The total catches during one year were greatly affected by those several day when the dominant species of fish were caught in large quantities. The dominant species of fish at Neungpo were little horse mackerel, sand lance, sardine, hair tail, spanish mackerel and common mackerel, and those at Yangwhagun were anchovy, little horse mackerel, sardine, spanish mackerel and gizzard shad, in order of catch. Especially, the little horse mackerel and the sardine appeared to make up very big schools at both Neungpo and Yangwhagum. The occurrence seasons of the dominant species were different by the region, but generally those were earlier at western part than at eastern part of the Southern Sea in Korea.

부산시 선적의 근해안강망 어선에서 사용하고 있는 어구의 1/10, 1/20 모형을 제작하여 흐름이 비교적 빠른 연안에서 전개상태를 측정 및 관찰한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 전개장치의 전개높이, 전개간극 등은 네갈랫줄의 상대적 길이에 따라 상당히 다르며, 보편적으로 사용하고 있는 바와 같이 네갈랫줄의 길이를 길게 하고, 맨 위쪽 줄의 길이를 그 보다는 짧게한 방식이 효과적이며, 가장 효과적인 것은 갈랫줄의 길이를 아래로부터 차례로 맨 아랫것 보다 5%, 9%, 4%씩 길게 한 것이 전개 높이, 전개간극, 전개면적 등의 모든 면에서 가장 효과적이었다. 2. 흐름이 빨라지면 등판과 밑판의 평면형상은 뜸줄과 발줄이 아주 심하게 만곡되고, 그물 길이의 2/5 정도까지는 망지가 뒤로 많이 쏠려서 망구에 있어서의 물의 여과를 혼란시켜 어군의 입망을 방해할 것 같고, 또 밑판이 해저의 장애물에 걸렸을 때는 파망의 우려가 크다. 3. 유체저항을 실물어구의 것으로 환산하면 R=29.2×103 v1.65 이라고 표현되고, 이것을 그물의 설계상 구성요소를 고려한 식으로 바꾸면 R=5.9×d/l×abv1.65 이라고 표현된다.

실제로 어선에서 사용하고 있는 외끌이 기선저인망어구를 표본 조사하여 Tauti의 비교법칙에 따라 1/35 크기로 축소하여 제작한 그물과 이 그물어구의 천장망과 얾은장에 범포를 부착한 모형그물을 써서 유속의 변화와 얾은장 끝의 전개간격의 변화에 따른 유체저항, 망고 및 망폭을 측정한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 유체저항은 모형그물에 비해 천장망에 범포를 부착한 그물에서 최대 30% 증가하였고, 얾은장에 범포를 부착한 그물에서 35%증가하였다. 2. 망고는 모형그물에 비해 천장망에 범포를 부착한 그물에서 최대 12% 증가 하였고, 얾은장에 범포를 부착한 그물에서 최대 5.8%감소하였다. 3. 망폭은 모형그물에 비해 천장망에 범포를 부착한 그물에서 최대 4% 감소하였고, 얾은장에 범포를 부착한 그물에서 최대 8.4% 증가하였다. 4. 망구투영면적은 모형그물에 비해 천장망에 범포를 부착한 그물에서 최대 13.6% 증가하였고, 얾은장에 범포를 부착한 그물에서 최대 11.8% 증가하였다.

정치망 어장의 어도 연구와 관련된 정치망 어장부근의 해저지형과 조류의 관측을 행하였다. 거제도 동부의 2 해역, 도장포와 능포어장과 남해도 동부의 2 해역, 양화금과 마안도 부근에서 수심관측과 25시간 정점 조류 관측 및 레이더 코오너리플렉터에 의한 표층의 표류실험을 병행하였다. 해저지형의 관측결과 거제도 동부 해역에서는 만의 남쪽에 경사가 심한 골이 형성되어 있고, 그 부근에 어구가 부설되어 있었다. 조류의 관측결과 거제도 동부해역에서는 좌선회의 경향을 보였고 남해도 양화금에서는 우선회의 경향이 뚜렷하였으며 마안도 부근에서는 일정하지 않았다. 항류성분과 조류의 회전 및 지형 등이 조화되어 외해에서 만에 접근한 어군이 해저 골 부근으로 접근하면서 점차 농밀군을 이루게 되어 정치망 어구에 접근하는 것으로 생각된다.

In accordance with a rapid growth of demani on aquatic animals, researches of the unused fishery resources On the deep sea b~d in the Korean Waters has been and will be required. The authors carried out a series of fishing experiments to investigate the available resources and to find the effective fishing method on the deep sea bed of the Korean East Sea. In the experiments, 19 kinds of traps which are different from each other in shape, mesh size and entrance diameter were used. The fishing experiments w~r;; carried out in four areas of 20Dm, 600.'11, 800m and 1000.'11 deep respectively, by the Pusan 402 (30:) GT) and the Pusan 403 (279GT), the training ships of National Fisheries University of Pusan, during August, 1986. The catc~ were analyzed with the size, the depth and the construction of traps. The results obtained can be summarized as follows: 1. Main species of the catch w~re pink shrimp, Pandalus bolelis, a kind of welks, Buccimum striatissimum and a kind of larg~ crabs. Chiono8cetes japonicus and the another species were few. 2. The CPUE value (expressed by the number of catch per trap in this paper) of pink shrimp was the highest in the depth of 20J-n around, and the value in the depth of 600.'11 or more decreased gradually with an increase of the depth. But, the value of Buccimum straitissimum was much higher in the depth of 6:J:)!1I or more than that in the depth of 200m around. On the other hand, the value of Chion:Jecetes japonjcus was very low in general. 3. The iniividual body size of the catch differed with the depth. Pink shrimps caught in the depth of 200m around were smaller than those in the depth of 600.'11 or more. In contrast with this, Baccimum striatissim:t.m caught in the depth of 200m around were larger than those in the depth of 600.'11 or more. 4. Depending on the selection curve in Ishida's method for the mesh size of trap webbing, the carapace length of pink shrimp and the shell length of Buccimum striatissimum which are equivalent to 100% relative catching efficiency can be estimated about 3.5cm and 6.5cm or so respectively. 5. The number of catch of pink shrimp and Buccimum striatissimum by the 60.'1'1.'11 entrance diameter of trap were less than that by the 90mm, 120mm and 150mm, even thogh the diffierence am~r, g 9:Jmm, 120.'11.'11 and 150:1'.'11 are not so large.

This is a basic study of further investigating the effect of oceanographic conditons, such as bottom profile, currents, and temperature, to the fish migrating course around the set-net. The survey was held at Dojang Po, southern part of Geoje Island, from July to October in 1985. There was a sea valley of which depth was 20 to 40 meters around the set-net. Near the bottom of that sea valley, there was different current pattern to the upper layer. In the sea calm condition of July and October, the vertical profiles of current and water temperature were simple. But in rough condition of September, they were complicated because of wind tuburance.

As a primary step in studying the effects of the netting porosity on the net-shape in the four-seam trawling net, a series of experiments were performed changing the porosity of each panel, with the simplified mo:iel of the bag net made of porous vinyl film and that ma:ie of net webbing. These models were suspended horizontally in circularly flowing water, with two pairs of susp~nding threais to four points of symetry at the border of the bag mouth in place of both wing nets. And then, the section shape of the bag mouth photographed and the tensions on both pairs of suspending threads were measured with two load cells in circularly flowing water. From the results, the auther estimated an experimental equation from the relationship between the porosity of each panel in the bag net and the section shape of the bag mouth, h/w=k (l-Pr_u/lPr_s)<r, where h is the central height of the bag mouth, w is the lateral width of that, Pr-u and Pr-s indicate the porosity of the upper panel and that of the side panel individually.

재래식 권현망의 천장망을 제거하고 옆판 위 언저리에 뜸을 장치한 어구에 의하여 활멸치의 어획을 시험하고, 동시에 이렇게 어획한 멸치를 버팀대를 써서 축양조를 예인하는 방법으로 축양 시험을 실시한 결과 대략 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 축양개시 15일후의 생잔률은 최고 약 71%여서 다른 어구. 어법에 의한 생잔률 보다는 낮지마는, 권현먕 어구 자체가 한국의 멸치 어업에서는 가장 보편화된 어구이므로, 2차적으로 활멸치를 어획하는데는 충분한 실용성이 있다고 보아진다.

본 연구는 이란 등 5개국에서 수집한 홍화자원을 대상으로 하여 천연항산화제로써 홍화종자의 항산화 활성을 평가하고, 세로토닌 유도체인N-(p-Coumaroyl) serotonin과N-feruloylserotonin의 함량을 측정하여 항산화 활성과의 상관관계를 조사하였다. 총폴리페놀함량은 28.25 ~ 90.53 ㎍ GAE/㎎ DE의 범위를 나타내었고, 색소화합물인 DPPH 라디칼과ABTS+을 이용한 유리라디칼소거능을 측정하는 DPPH assay와 ABTS assay 의 값은 18.76 ~ 93.98 및 48.91 ~ 163.73 ㎍ ASCE/㎎ DE의 범위를 나타내었다. 시료의 환원능을 측정하는 방법인 FRAP assay 과 RP assay는 3.80 ~ 132.29 및 26.32 ~ 80.08 ㎍ ASCE/㎎ DE의 범위로 나타내었다. UHPLC를 이용하여 CS와 FS를 분석한 결과, CS 함량은 2.56 ~ 64.99 ㎎/g DE이고, FS 함량값은 1.92 ~ 65.36 ㎎/g DE이었다. 5개국 중 이란 원산종은 다른 나라에 비해 세로토닌 유도체 함량과 항산화 활성의 평균값이 높게 측정되었다. 항산화 활성과 세로토닌 유도체 함량 간의 상관관계 분석 결과, CS는 TPC와 ABTS, DPPH와 높은 상관성을 보였고(r = 0.673, 0.727, 0.820), FS는 DPPH와 높은 상관성을 보였다(r = 0.740). RACI를 통하여 선발된 IT321214과 IT321215는 항산화 활성이 높은 자원으로 천연항 산화제 소재 탐색 및 개발에 기초자료로 활용할 수 있을 것으로 생각된다.

Background : The purpose of this study is to select potential genetic resources from safflower germplasm collected from India based on their oil compositions and agronomic characteristics. Methods and Results : The agronomic characteristics were measured during the growing period of the safflower. Total oil contents were recovered by Soxhlet extraction and the fatty acid compositions were analyzed by using gas chromatography. The mean of plant height, leaf length and leaf width were 100.19 ㎝, 20.49 ㎝, and 7.29 ㎝, respectively. The percentage of leaf margin with serration was 95%, and 2% of the total resources didn’t have spines on the involucral bract. K185681 had no spines on the involucral bract and the plant height was the smallest. 73% of the flower of safflower was yellow. 68% of safflower germplasm changed flower color from yellow to red. Total oil contents of 267 safflower accessions showed a significant variability among the entire domain of collections and ranged from 5.81 to 38.91%. Palmitic and stearic acid were ranged from 4.98 to 6.65%, and 1.82 to 2.73%, respectively. Oleic and linoleic acid showed a wide variation which ranged from 10.53 to 22.27%, and 69.46 to 81.26%, respectively. Linolenic acid was ranged from 0.06 to 0.13%. K185639 and K185639 had the highest total oil contents and linoleic acid, respectively. Cluster analysis based on oil composition and agronomic characteristics data divided the germplasm collections into three groups. Group Ⅲ having 114 accessions contained accessions with taller plant height than the other groups. Group Ⅱ having 68 accessions, the main color of flower was white but the other groups were yellow. Oleic acid showed a strong negative correlation (r = -0.9691**) with linoleic acid. Principal component analysis (PCA) based on the oil compositions and agronomic characteristics data revealed that the first two principal components (PC1 and PC2) together explained 36.28% total variation. Conclusion : These results showed that K185681, K185639 and K185639 could be useful to develop breeding and functional food.

Background : To select potential plant resources as natural antioxidants and functional materials, e valuation of N-(p-coumaroyl)serotonin (CS) and N-feruloylserotonin (FS) in 43 safflower accessions collected from South Asia was conducted. Method and Results : CS and FS were analyzed by using Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography (UPLC). Total phenolic content (TPC) was determined by Folin-Ciocalteu method and antioxidant activities were estimated by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazil (DPPH), 2,2'-azino-bis-3- ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS) radical scavenging activities, ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and reducing power (RP). The mean CS content was 32.74 ㎎/g dried extract (DE) with a range from 3.44 to 83.30 ㎎/g DE, and the FS content ranged from 1.43 to 34.53 ㎎/g·DE with a mean of 12.69 ㎎/g DE. The mean of TPC of 43 safflower accessions was 55.22 ㎍ GAE/㎎·DE. The average values of antioxidant activities based on DPPH, ABTS, FRAP, and RP assay showed 48.77 ㎍ ASC eq/㎎ DE, 97.62 ㎍ ASC eq/㎎ DE, 70.22 ㎍ ASC eq/㎎ DE, and 50.01 ㎍ ASC eq/㎎ DE, respectively. The 43 safflower accessions were classified into two groups based on the complete linkage cluster analysis using their CS, FS, TPC, DPPH, ABTS, FRAP and RP. Group Ⅱ showed higher CS, FS and antioxidant activity than Group Ⅰ (p < 0.05). K185245 and K185247 were included in Group Ⅱ, K185245 had the highest CS and FS, and K185247 was the highest in TPC, DPPH, and ABTS. CS had significant positive correlation with FS (r = 0.849**). Significantly high correlation coefficients were recorded between TPC and antioxidant assays including DPPH, ABTS, and RP. The first two principal components had accounted for the 80.46 % of the total variance. Conclusion : These results showed that K185245 and K185247 could be used as a source of valuable natural antioxidant materials and could be useful to develop new functional materials.

Background : Carotenoids are pigments that are found in plants, fruits, bacteria, and fungi. β -carotene and canthaxanthin are orange pigments among thousands of carotenoids that possess potent antioxidant activity. The objective of this study was to determine β-carotene and cantaxanthin in 55 Kimchi cabbage germplasm using liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS) method. Method and Results : 55 Kimchi cabbage accessions were sown in plug trays in the end of August, 2016. All the tissue samples were freeze-dried for 1 week and ground into fine powder and stored at -20℃ until analysis. Crude carotenoids from freeze-dried materials (100 mg) were extracted using 1 ㎖ of 100% (v/v) hexane in 10 minutes by using sonication bath followed by centrifugation. The average β-carotene contents was 1.43 ㎎·㎏-1 and ranged from 0.76 (IT 120045) to 2.25 ㎎·㎏-1 (IT 100378). The average canthaxanthin content in the entire domain of sample was 0.59 ㎎·㎏-1 with a range between 0.36 (IT 32746) and 1.08 ㎎․㎏-1 (IT 100386). Canthaxanthin content was significantly positively correlated with β-carotene (r = 0.65**) and leaf length (r = 0.63**). However, canthaxanthin was negatively correlated with cotyledon color (r = -0.41**). Principal component analysis results of the first two components (PC1 and PC2) explained 44.53% of the point variability. Conclusion : The resources with the highest β-carotene and canthaxanthin content are IT 100378, 100386, 100391, and 110828. This study could be useful to select a potential sources of health beneficial carotenoids (β-carotene and canthaxanthin) in Kimchi cabbage germplasm in nutraceutical formulations and for further applications as a breeding material and other research activities.

Background : Alpha-linolenic acid is a type of omega-3 fatty acid and has been reported to be found at a remarkably high content in seeds of perilla (Perilla frutescens). The purpose of this study was to investigate the fatty acid compositions in 45 perilla accessions collected from Russia and recommend the potential genetic resources related to their fatty acid compositions. Methods and Results : The 45 accessions of perilla seeds which were collected from Russia were used for the study. Perilla seed oil was recovered using hexane in a soxhlet extraction method. The fatty acid compositions were analyzed using gas chromatography. The total oil content was ranged between 28.39 and 46.89%. The compositions of palmitic, stearic, oleic, linoleic and linolenic acid ranged from 5.57 to 7.09%, 1.16 to 2.27%, 11.83 to 19.55%, 11.92 to 16.71%, and 59.19 to 67.28%, respectively. Cultivars 'Dayu', 'Daeyu' and 'Anyu' showed lower linolenic acid composition compared to the average value of linoleic acid in perilla germplasms collected from Russia. Cluster analysis based on the fatty acid composition of the 45 perilla accessions segregated into three groups. Group Ⅰ characterized as higher palmitic, stearic and oleic acid compositions compared to other groups. Group Ⅱ which contained 12 accessions had high total oil and linoleic acid composition. Group Ⅲ characterized as a higher linolenic acid composition compared to other groups (p < 0.001). Oleic acid showed a significant negative correlation (r = -0.825) with linolenic acid. Principal component analysis (PCA) revealed that the first two principal components together explained 74.4% total variation. Conclusion : Our results indicated that accessions IT235818, IT235820, IT226739 which exhibited high linolenic acid composition could be useful to develop new functional vegetable oil materials.

Background : Sclerotinia rot, caused by a fungus Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, is one of the serious and unpredictable yield losses in perilla (Perilla frutescens) leaf production in Korea. Screening disease resistant genetic resources is necessary to develop disease-resistant cultivars and conduct related research. Methods and Results : A Total of 150 perilla accessions, including 123 Korean landraces and 27 cultivars developed in Korea, were evaluated for resistance to Sclerotinia rot (Sclerotinia sclerotiorum) using detached leaf inoculation technique. Sclerotinia sclerotiorum isolate KACC40457 was inoculated at the seedling stage (five to six leaves). For detached leaf method, a mycelial plug was placed fungus-side down on the main leaf vain and incubated at 22 ± 1℃ on moistened paper towel in a plastic box. Three Korean landraces, including IT117036, IT117106, and IT117110, and cultivar IT229431 showed 100% of resistance ratio (no. of plants showed below 1 ㎝ of lesion size/total evaluated plants × 100). Seven accessions including five landraces, IT117080, IT117107, IT117048, 117042, 117029, and two cultivaers, IT276225 and IT213781, showed high level of resistance that is higher than 80% of resistance ratio Conclusion : 11 accessions which showed strong and moderate level of resistance to Sclerotinia rot could be possibly used by breeders, farmers, and researchers to produce new disease resistant cultivars and use them commercially. However, research related to the exploration of appropriate materials (accessions) for breeding cultivars with good quality, high functional components, high consumer acceptability, etc. should be continued, considering pathogenicity test was conducted in young stage.

Background : Perilla (Perilla frutescens) seed oil is known to contain high omega-3 fatty acid than other plant oils. This study was aimed to investigate the fatty acid composition in seeds of 255 perilla accessions from South Korea and recommend the potential genetic resources rel ated to their fatty acid composition. Method and Results : Total oil was extracted by soxhlet extraction apparatus and the fatty acid compositions were analyzed by gas chromatography (GCMS QP2010 ULTRA, SHIMADZU, JP). Total oil contents ranged from 22.41 and 47.62% with an average content of 34.20%. Palmitic, stearic, oleic, linoleic, and linolenic acid contributed 4.46 to 7.67%, 1.64 to 4.11%, 9.15 to 26.39%, 11.89 to 28.76%, and 50.24 to 64.16% to the total oil content, respectively. Seeds from Jeollabuk-do showed the highest average total oil content (41.14%) compared to other regions (p < 0.05), while the linolenic acid composition was the highest in the samples from Chungcheongnam-do (59.48%) (p < 0.05). The cluster analysis segregated the perilla seed accessions into two major clusters. ANOVA revealed that there was a significant difference between group Ⅰ and group Ⅱ (p < 0.05). Group Ⅰ (86 accessions) characterized as higher palmitic, stearic, oleic, and linolenic acid compositions than group Ⅱ (169 accessions). The highest content of linolenic acid were recorded in accessions K126190, K135903, and IT283646 from group Ⅰ, and accessions IT108680, IT208894, and IT111050 from group Ⅱ had high total oil content. Linoleic acid content showed a strong negative correlation with palmitic acid (r = -0.726*) and oleic acid (r = -0.678*) content. Principal component analysis (PCA) revealed that the first two principal components together explained 68.75% total variation. Conclusion : Our results showed that accessions K126190, K135903, IT283646 which exhibited high linolenic acid composition and accessions IT108680, IT208894, IT111050 which exhibited high total oil composition, could be useful to develop new functional oil materials.

Background : Perilla leaves (Perilla frutescens) are known to possess antioxidant activity and have long been used to treat a variety of health related issues. The present study was conduct ed to compare the antioxidant activity among perilla accessions collected from Russia. Method and Results : The leaves of a total of 46 accessions of perilla were collected from Russia. Crude extracts were obtained from 2 g of oven-dried perilla leaves using ASE-350 extractor. Total phenolic content (TPC) was determined by Folin-Ciocalteu method and antioxidant activities were estimated by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazil (DPPH), 2,2'-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (A BTS) radical scavenging activities, ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and reducing power (RP). TPC was ranged from 88.70 to 148.85 ㎍ gallic acid equivalent (GAE) /㎎ dried extract (DE). DPPH, ABTS, FRAP, and RP were ranged from 59.49 to 94.80 ㎍ ascorbic acid equivalent (ASCE) /㎎ DE, 73.01 to 190.59 ㎍ ASCE /㎎ DE, 98.73 to 326.39 ㎍ ASCE /㎎ DE, 82.58 to 264.88 ㎍ ASCE /㎎ DE, respectively. Cluster analysis based on antioxidant assay results of 46 perilla accessions divided into three major groups. Group Ⅰ (9 accessions) characterized as higher antioxidant activity accessions than other group (p < 0.001). The correlations between antioxidant assays were strong and positive (r ≧ 0.78). Principal component analysis (PCA) revealed that the first two principal components together explained 92.96 % total variation. Conclusion : Among the perilla accessions collected from Russia, group accessions clustered in group Ⅱ showed high antioxidant activity. Our results indicated that accessions IT274300, IT226732 and IT274293 could be used as a source of valuable natural antioxidant materials.

Background : The objective of this study was to determine the antioxidant activities of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) seed extracts using various solvents. Method and Results : The safflower seed extracts was obtained using methanol (50, 75, 100%), ethanol (50, 75, 100%) and water. Total phenolic content (TPC) w as determined by Folin-Ciocalteu method and antioxidant activities w ere estimated by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazil (DPPH), 2,2'-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS) radical scavenging activities, ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and reducing power (RP). Average TPC of safflower seed extracts were 72.03 ㎍·GAE·㎎-1 DE in methanol, 50.16 ㎍·GAE·㎎-1 DE in ethanol, and 28.47 ㎍·GAE·㎎-1 DE in water. TPC were significantly different (p < 0.05) between the solvents. DPPH, ABTS, FRAP and RP a average activities of methanol extracts showed the highest antioxidant activity, with value of 62.95 ㎍·ASC·eq/㎎ DE, 123.48 ㎍·ASC·eq/㎎ DE, 171.68 ㎍·ASC·eq/㎎ DE, and 76.07 ㎍·ASC·eq/㎎ DE, respectively. Values of Ethanol extracts showed DPPH 32.26 ㎍·ASC·eq/㎎ DE, ABTS 81.02 ㎍·ASC·eq/㎎ DE, FRAP 159.24 ㎍·ASC·eq/㎎ DE, and RP 34.83 ㎍·ASC·eq/㎎ DE. There was no significant difference between extracts of ethanol and methanol in FRAP value. The 75% ethanol extracts showed higher antioxidant activity than 50% and 100% ethanol extracts (p < 0.05). The 75% ethanol extracts had TPC 68.98 ㎍·GAE·eq/㎎ DE, DPPH 70.07 ㎍·ASC·eq/㎎ DE, ABTS 166.59 ㎍·ASC·eq/㎎ DE, FRAP 208.78 ㎍·ASC·eq/㎎ DE, and RP 82.16 ㎍·ASC·eq/㎎ DE. Conclusion : Although ethanol extracts had lower antioxidant activity compared to methanol, it was suggested to be more suitable for further studies as it is less toxic and a recommended food grade solvent. It is estimated that the bioactive substance is extracted extensively from 75% ethanol with high antioxidant activity.