As ZIF materials have their unique properties such as high surface area, tunable pore structure, thermal and chemical stability, they can be used in various applications including gas separation and catalysis. For synthesis of ZIF membranes, fixing sub-micron ZIF seed particles on the support is challenging and important. In this work, ZIF-8 seed layer was synthesized by conversion synthesis of ZnO layer on support in H-mIm solution, followed by the secondary growth synthesis of ZIF-8 membranes. The parameters of conversion seeding had been investigated to control the reaction rate combining the dissolution rate of ZnO and the crystallization rate of ZIF-8. This ZIF-8 membranes showed the better coverage of seeding layer and improved gas separation properties compared with the membranes prepared by traditional dip-coating seeding method.

This study was conducted to clarify the effect of high temperature during winter period(autumn sowing) and spring sowing on yield, quality and growth and development in barley. The varieties used for the experiments were heenchalssalbori and keunalbori 1 having a strong spring habit characteristics. In spring sowing treatment, spikelet differentiation was proceeded rapidly and tillering was proceeded slowly compared to the development stage, because the barley sowed at spring is cultivated in high temperature and long day conditions from sowing to spikelet differentiation stage compared with autumn sowing(control). And in high temperature treatment during winter period, like spring sowing, tillering was inhibited compared to the development stage. The number of grain per panicle and the period required to heading stage from spikelet differentiation were reduced largely at spring sowing, because spring sowing treatment was conducted in high temperature and long day condition compared with autumn sowing and high temperature treatment during the period from spikelet differentiation to heading stage. Meanwhile in spring sowing treatment, average temperature during ripening stage was higher than the autumn sowing and high temperature during winter, because heading stage was so late. After all, starch, amylose content and grain weight were reduced while protein content was relatively increased in spring sowing treatment due to difference of average temperature of ripening stage. These changes affected the decrease of viscosity of peak, trough, breakdown and the increase of setback viscosity

식품의약품안전처는 효율적인 식중독 예방 교육·홍보를 위하여 모바일 증강현실 게임인 ‘식중독잡GO’를 개발 하고 식품안전의 날 등 11개 행사에서 시범운영을 하였다. 행사장에서 ‘식중독잡GO’를 체험한 사람을 대상으로 식중독에 대한 인지정도를 설문조사를 통해 살펴보았다. 설문조사 결과 ‘식중독잡GO’ 게임 전후대비 식중독예방 3대 요령 인지도는 게임 전 51.8%에서 게임 후 78.8%로 향상되었고, 개별 식중독균 인지도는 평균 2.1배 향상되었 다. 설문조사자의 95%가 식중독 이해에 도움이 되었다고 응답하였으며, 90%가 게임이 재미있었다고 응답하였다. 따라서, ‘식중독잡GO’를 유·초·중·고등 교육에 적용을 하면 식중독균의 주요증상, 원인식품 등 식중독 예방 요령의 다양한 교육적 효과를 기대할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

개발과 보전 간 갈등을 최소화할 수 있는 지속가능한 국토 관리를 위해서는 기본적으로 다양한 생물들의 서식처가 될 수 있는 자연환경 우수지역에 대한 관리가 이루어져야 한다. 자연환경 우수지역에 대한 효율적 관리를 위해서는 자연환경 우수지역 중에서도 법적·제도적으로 보호받지 못하고 개발에 노출된 지역들에 대해 지속적인 현황 파악의 노력이 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 국토환경성평가지도의 환경생태적 평가 결과와 법제적 평가 결과를 활용한 Gap 분석을 통하여 환경생태적으로 자연환경이 우수하나 제도적으로 보호받지 못하는 관리취약지역을 추출하는 방안을 제안하고자 하였다. Gap 분석 결과, 전국토의 4.81%와 국토환경성 평가지도 환경생태적 평가 1등급 지역의 11.22%가 자연환경적으로 우수하나 제도적으로 보호받지 못하는 관리취약지역으로 분석되 었다. 그리고 이러한 대표지역들의 현황을 살펴본 결과, 국토의 계획 및 이용에 관한 법률상 자연녹지지역으로 지정되어 있었으며, 기타법률에 의거 준보전산지, 가축사육제한구역 그리고 인근 학교로 인한 상대보호구역으로 지정된 지역들이었으며, 이러한 관리 취약지역들은 여건만 조성된다면 개발이 발생할 수 있는 지역들이었다. 따라서 이러한 지역들의 보호를 위해 제도적으로 보호할 수 있는 관리 방안을 고려해야 한다. 그리고 이러한 자연환경이 우수한 관리취약지역의 제도적 관리와 보호 대책 마련을 통해 국내 생물다양성을 증진시키고 지속가능한 국토관리가 가능할 것으로 판단된다.

This study investigates the oxidation properties of Fe-14Cr ferritic oxide-dispersion-strengthened (ODS) steel at various high temperatures (900, 1000, and 1100°C for 24 h). The initial microstructure shows that no clear structural change occurs even under high-temperature heat treatment, and the average measured grain size is 0.4 and 1.1 μm for the as-fabricated and heat-treated specimens, respectively. Y–Ti–O nanoclusters 10–50 nm in size are observed. High-temperature oxidation results show that the weight increases by 0.27 and 0.29 mg/cm2 for the asfabricated and heat-treated (900°C) specimens, and by 0.47 and 0.50 mg/cm2 for the as-fabricated and heat-treated (1000°C) specimens, respectively. Further, after 24 h oxidation tests, the weight increases by 56.50 and 100.60 mg/cm2 for the as-fabricated and heat-treated (1100°C) specimens, respectively; the latter increase is approximately 100 times higher than that at 1000°C. Observation of the surface after the oxidation test shows that Cr2O3 is the main oxide on a specimen tested at 1000°C, whereas Fe2O3 and Fe3O4 phases also form on a specimen tested at 1100°C, where the weight increases rapidly. The high-temperature oxidation behavior of Fe-14Cr ODS steel is confirmed to be dominated by changes in the Cr2O3 layer and generation of Fe-based oxides through evaporation.

목적: 본 연구에서는 동일 재질이지만 착색 유무가 다른 투명소프트콘택트렌즈(이하 투명렌즈)와 써클콘택트렌즈(이하 써클렌즈)의 표면 및 내부의 친수성을 비교하여 착색에 의해 콘택트렌즈의 표면 및 내부 친수성 특성이 달라지는 정도를 알아보고자 하였다. 방법: 국내에서 시판 중인 소프트콘택트렌즈 중 etafilcon A 재질의 투명렌즈와 써클렌즈, hilafilcon B 재질의 투명렌즈와 써클렌즈, nelfilcon A 재질의 투명렌즈와 써클렌즈로 착색 유무 여부가 다른 총 6 종의 소프트콘택트렌즈를 사용하였다. Jacob의 방법에 따라 수단 Ⅳ 용액으로 소프트콘택트렌즈를 표면 및 전체 염색하고 헹군 뒤 렌즈를 DMSO에 담아 초음파 세척기를 사용하여 렌즈에 부착된 수단 Ⅳ를 추출하였다. 추출된 수단 Ⅳ의 흡광도를 찍은 후 검량선(calibration curve)에 따라 농도로 환산하였다. 결과: Etafilcon A 재질 렌즈의 표면 친수성 평가에서 투명렌즈와 비교하여 써클렌즈의 수단 Ⅳ농도가 더 높았으나 유의한 차이는 아니었고, 내부포함 친수성 평가에서는 써클렌즈가 2.2배 높았다. Hilafilcon B 재질 렌즈의 표면 친수성 평가에서 투명렌즈에 비해 써클렌즈의 수단 Ⅳ의 농도가 유의하게 높아 투명렌즈의 표면이 더 친수성임을 알 수 있었고, 내부 포 함 친수성 평가에서는 오히려 써클렌즈가 더 친수성으로 나타났다. Nelfilcon A 재질 렌즈 투명렌즈와 써클렌즈의 표면 및 내부 친수성이 유의한 차이가 없었다. 렌즈 표면에 염료가 위치한 hilafilcon B 렌즈의 경우는 표면 수단 Ⅳ의 농도가 더 높았고, 렌즈 안쪽에 염료가 위치한 etaflicon A의 경우 내부의 수단 Ⅳ의 농도가 더 높았다. 그러나 nelfilcon A는 표면과 내부 모두에서 친수성이 매우 높아 염료의 위치에 상관없이 친수성 정도의 차이가 나타 나지 않았다. 결론: 본 연구에서 착색 유무에 따라 소프트콘택트렌즈 표면과 내부 친수성의 정도가 2배 이상 달라질 수 있으며, 염료의 위치에 의해서도 표면과 내부의 친수성이 영향을 받는다는 것을 밝혔다. 이러한 친수성 정도의 차이는 투명렌즈와 착색렌즈의 재질적 특성 및 각막에 대한 생리적인 상호작용이 다른 것에 대한 하나의 원인이 될 수 있으리라 보인다.

본 연구에서는 영지버섯의 종류별 기능성 성분과 생리활성과의 상관관계를 분석하였다. 영지버섯은 담자 균류 민주름목 구멍장이 버섯과에 속하며 전세계에 분보하고 떡갈나무, 상수리나무 등 활엽수에서 주로 자생한다. 영지버섯은 색상과 형상에 따라서 적, 흑,자, 황, 백, 청, 녹각, 편목, 쓰가 영지로 구분을 하고 있다. 영지버섯은 한방에서 골을 강화하고, 치질과 신경쇄약, 소화불량 등 만성질환에 도움을 주며, 오미의 성분 준다고 나와있다. 영지버섯은 2010~2013년 영지버섯의 전국 생산량은 281 M/T(metric ton), 경기도, 충남, 전북에서 많이 생산되었고, 주요 성분으로 triterpene계(ganoderic acid A-T), steroid계(ganoderol A,B), 다당류 (예: ganoderan B), proteoglycan(예: GLIS) 등이 알려져 있다. 영지버섯의 생리활성으로서는 항종양작용, 심혈관계에 대한 작용, 세포보호작용, 면역증진, 항바이러스 작용 등의 약리효능을 나타내는 것으로 보고되고 있고, 본연구팀의 이전 연구 결과에서 항산화 효과 및 RAW 264.7 대식세포에 대한 항염증 효과를 돟물 실험을 통해 분석한 결과 우수한 효과를 나타낸 것을 보고한 바 있다. 또한, 본 연구팀은 영지버섯중 녹각 영지버섯 추출물의 엡스타인 바 바이러스에 대해서 위암세포 발달을 저해하는 효과를 나타내는 것을 동물 실험을 통해서 확인하였다. 이번 연구결과는 영지버섯류의 기능성 성분과 생리활성 상관관계를 분석하여 베타 글루칸이외의 성분들과 효능과의 상관관계를 분석함으로서 버섯을 이용한 고부가가치 산업화의 소재 개발의 기초를 마련하고자 하였다.

As ZIF materials have their unique properties such as high surface area, tunable pore structure, thermal and chemical stability, they can be used in various applications including gas separation and catalysis. For synthesis of ZIF membranes, fixing sub-micron ZIF seed particles on the support is challenging and important. In this work, ZIF-8 seed layer was synthesized by conversion synthesis of ZnO layer on support in H-mIm solution, followed by the secondary growth synthesis of ZIF-8 membranes. The parameters of conversion seeding had been investigated to control the reaction rate combining the dissolution rate of ZnO and the crystallization rate of ZIF-8. This ZIF-8 membranes showed the better coverage of seeding layer and gas separation properties compared with the membranes prepared by traditional dip-coating seeding.

This study concerned the analysis on the efficiency of the conversion of water tank type supply system to direct water supply system to examine the feasibility of the conversion, as well as the calculation of optimal conversion range that enables the supply of safe, high-quality water at stable pressure in accordance with the standards of water supply facility. The results of this research showed that when converting water supply system from water tank type supply system to direct water supply system, more nodal points could be properly converted and more reduction of electricity usage was expected in case water pressure rather than residence time was fixed. This means that higher efficacy can be obtained by fixing water pressure when converting water supply system. However, since the number of the locations that received on-spot inspection was small and the electricity usage measured was not exclusively by water supply facility, it is difficult to judge that such reduction of electricity usage accurately represents reduced electricity usage by water supply facility alone. therefore, after having secured on-spot information about a larger number of locations in apartment complexes that have converted water supply system, and utilizing information about electricity usage exclusively by water supply facility, the proposed method of this research could be applied to accurately deducing expected reduction of electricity usage by water supply facilities of various other apartment complexes. It is also considered possible to deduce an effective operation method of water supply system by finding out an area that shows low pressure or low residual chlorine concentration in the optimal conversion range of water supply, followed by estimating the proper location of pumping station or the proper chlorine dosage at the power purification plant that supply water to the target area.

It is considered necessary to renewal a considerable number of water supply facilities in Korea because they began to be intensively buried in the period of rapid economic growth. Accordingly, local water providers are required to take measures against this situation, but they have currently been caught in a vicious circle of the lack of budget spent in renewing water supply facilities because county-based small-scale local water supply cannot afford to cover annual expenditures with their revenues from water rates. Therefore, this study developed an optimal renewal planning model capable of achieving a balance of financial revenue and expenditure in local water supply using nonlinear programming and furthermore of minimizing the total cost incurred during the analysis. To this end, this study selected the water supply area located in County Y as a research area to build the financial revenue and expenditure and used Solver function provided by Microsoft Excel to use nonlinear programming. As a result, this study developed an optimal renewal planning model minimizing incurred costs in consideration of 6 items in the financial revenue and expenditure. The optimal renewal plan was modeled according to the available annual budget. As a result, this study proposed SICD, a scenario to minimize total costs from the perspective of water suppliers, and SITS, a scenario to minimize the increase in water rates from the perspective of consumers. It can be said that the method proposed in this study is the core of the optimal financial and renewal plans as a final stage of asset management for water supply facilities. Therefore, it is considered possible for local water providers to use the method proposed in this study according to circumstances for the asset management of water supply facilities.

For the purpose of economic growth in the nineteenth century, social infrastructures have been rapidly aging since the 21st century, Currently, many of the existing infrastructure has been aged, and many national costs have been spent on safety Inspection and maintenance. It is expected that more maintenance will be costly in the future, and maintenance cost can be expected to be reduced due to safety inspection and repair and reinforcement measures in a timely manner. The measures provided in the national and international safety inspection and maintenance manual reduce the efficiency of the work by repeating document work. In addition, due to lack of information sharing among practitioners performing inspection and maintenance, it is considered that incomplete work or incurring additional costs will lead to a large national loss. Building Information Modeling (BIM) can manage all the information generated during the whole life cycle of social infrastructures. Domestic institutions are increasing the use of BIM, and the Public Procurement Service is obliged to design BIM. We expect to increase the work efficiency of practitioners by reducing repetitive document work using BIM, It will make the integrated management information enable bi-directional communication among practitioners. First of all, building a library of social infrastructures and standardizing the information classification system and procedures for BIM application should be essential. As a result, standardization studies on standard information classification system and procedures based on representative bridges among social infrastructures were conducted.